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Sobre verbos | verbs em inglês
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Reported Speech, also known as Indirect Speech, involves reporting what someone else said, often requiring changes in tenses, pronouns, and time expressions. Analyze the following statements about backshifting:
I.When reporting a statement made in the Present Simple, the verb usually shifts to the Past Simple if the reporting verb is in the past.
II.The Modal Verb 'must' always remains 'must' in Reported Speech, as it is impossible to express obligation in a reported past context.
III.Time expressions like 'yesterday' are typically changed to 'the day before' or 'the previous day' to maintain the correct chronological reference.
Regarding these statements, select the correct alternative:
The boss said that he had been travelling a lot the previous month.
They said to her that she should take a few days off.
She asked him: "Did you have many problems yesterday?
He said to her: “I saw your sister on the street last night.”
1 – What would you ____________ if you _____________ the accident on the street?
2 – She _________ just left, but he_________ yesterday.
To compensate for a mistake, loss, or bad situation by doing something positive to balance it out, showing you're sorry or fixing a shortcoming, like buying a gift after missing a birthday or working harder to cover missed hours.
Select the alternative that correctly identifies the communicative function expressed by the underlined modal verb in the given context.
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Folklore and fairytales have been examined as effective means for teaching culture in a foreign language because they are an integral part of people’s everyday life. Morain (1997) proposed the idea that folklore is superior to literary writing because it depicts the attitudes of large groups of people. Gholson and Stumpf (2005) believe that folklore might help promote cultural dialogue in which L2 learners gain respect for differences between their native culture and L2 culture, as well as acknowledge the similarities in both cultures. Akpinar and Ozturk (2009) suggest that folklore can be taught in an L2 classroom through an inquiry approach: folklore engages the students in exploring the theme and structure of a folktale, relating these to their L1 background knowledge, and then drawing conclusions about the target culture, its beliefs, values, lifestyles, history, etc.
(DEMA, O., MUELLER, A. J. Teaching culture in the 21st century language classroom. IN: SILDUS, T. (ed.). Published in Touch the World: Selected Papers from the 2012 Central States Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Eau Claire: Crown Prints, pp. 75-91. Adaptado)
Read the two excerpts from the text:
“Gholson and Stumpf (2005) believe that folklore might help promote cultural dialogue”.
“Akpinar and Ozturk (2009) suggest that folklore can be taught in an L2 classroom through an inquiry approach.”
In the two excerpts, the bolded modal verbs carry the idea of
Concerning the previous text, judge the following item.
In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the words “themselves at” could be removed from the fragment without altering its overall meaning or affecting its coherence: telecommunications companies are finding the center of this shift.
Because she was correcting homework and planning lessons, Britany went to bed late – and then she overslept!
She had a quick shower but she didn’t have ________ 1 time to put on her makeup. Luckily, she doesn’t wear much anyway, but she had wanted to put on some lipstick at least. Too bad! She made herself a coffee and checked the mail. But ________ 2 , it seemed, had remembered her birthday – except for John and Clare whom she had invited for dinner later in the day.
At school, ________ 3 of her colleagues seemed to have remembered that it was her birthday either and that made her miserable, but at least the children in her second grade class were in a happy mood. It cheered her up, and so every time one of them did ________ 4 good or gave her a correct answer, she gave them a gold star. They loved that. Luckily, she had enough stars so ________ 5 went home with at least one!
When she got home, Britany was still tired, so she lay down to have a bit of rest but she didn’t get much sleep because her parents rang from the UK to wish her a happy birthday. At least _________ 6 had remembered! When she finished the call there was ________ 7 time left for sleeping. She had to get dinner ready.
A few minutes later the doorbell rang. She opened the door. There were a lot of people outside. All of them were wearing party hats! A few of them were carrying plates of food. Most of them were colleagues from her school, but there were many others, too. And then they started to sing ‘Happy Birthday …’.
In: HARMER, Jeremy. Teacher Knowledge: core concepts in English language teaching. Pearson Education limited. Essex, UK: 2012
Read the following text and answer the next five question.
The implications of a rapidly changing information ecosystem on how governments communicate
Public communication does not happen in a vacuum: the context in which it occurs is core to understanding the challenges and opportunities it faces. Indeed, the analysis of its role for policy and governance mechanisms is made urgent by shifts in the information ecosystem that have transformed the function over the past decade and raised important implications for democracy. The technological revolution that has connected the world through social media has given rise to online social movements and simplified the creation and sharing of content and data. Such changes have also facilitated, however, the spread of mis- and disinformation, contributed to undermining the role of traditional information gatekeepers, and have fundamentally changed how governments communicate. Whereas until the early 2000s a so-called “one-to-many” model of communication prevailed, this has shifted today to a “many-to-many” model. Anyone can be both a producer and a consumer of information, and anybody with an internet connection has the potential to engage with and influence public debates.
Traditionally, governments had largely relied on traditional media to amplify official messages to reach citizens. With the advent of digital channels, this approach has gradually lost its primacy to direct institution-to-individual communication via online platforms that bypass traditional media. This shift has also enabled a broader scope for governments to communicate about more diverse policy issues targeted to more specific audiences, as traditional media tend to concentrate on “newsworthy” subjects and political affairs, often under-reporting less mainstream issues. The unprecedented volumes of data that promise to make communication ever more precise, combined with the direct, unmediated access to vast and diverse publics, are some of the opportunities and challenges that have emerged.
At the same time, digital platforms have altered patterns in eople’s consumption of information and raised demands on their attention. The latter has become a resource that technology companies sell to advertisers. In turn, the design of online platforms and their algorithms, and the massive increase in the volume of information served to increase competition for what content people pay attention to, while making focus more superficial. As governments compete with all other information sources for the public’s attention, cognitive and psychological factors such as information overload can undermine the efficacy of even well-crafted content.
Online and social media have also heightened the pace at which information travels, accelerated the news cycle, and enabled a wider range of actors to drive discussions on policy issues. Taken together, digital technologies have produced a complex information ecosystem that has made it more challenging for official messages to “cut through the noise”. Cumulatively, these changes require considerable adjustments to practices, public officials’ skills, and even to how communication is organised, if governments are to make the most of the digital transformation and ensure it can promote better governance. […]
The ability for governments to use the communication function to promote constructive democratic spaces is critically threatened by widespread mis- and disinformation. When falsehoods spread extensively and rapidly on issues of public policy, official messages are drowned out, creating significant challenges for public communicators to get key information out to all groups in society. Whether in the context of elections, health crises, migration or climate change, mis- and disinformation cast evidence and facts into doubt, sow distrust, and work against policy goals.
Adapted from: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/ reports/2021/12/oecd-report-on-public-communication_b74311bc/22f8031c-en.pdf
The verb phrase in “official messages are drowned out” (5th paragraph) is in the:
Avalie as sentenças a seguir e os usos dos verb tenses nelas empregados.
I What do you usually do at weekends?. II- I have been traveling to France when I was a child. III- He has gone to Italy. IV- lt hasn't rained this week. V- You're out of breath. Were you been running?.
Está correto apenas o que se afirma em
She had ______, as soon as she ______ back to Mrs. Goddard’s, that Mr. Martin had been there an hour before, and finding she was not at home, nor particularly expected, had ______ a little parcel for her from one of his sisters, and gone away; and on opening this parcel, she had actually found, besides the two songs which she had _____ Elizabeth to copy, a letter to herself; and this letter was from him, from Mr. Martin, and contained a direct proposal of marriage. "Who could have ______? She was so surprised she did not know what to do. Yes, quite a proposal of marriage; and a very good letter, at least she thought so.
Disponível em: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/158/158-h/158-h.htm)
The sequence that correctly fills in the blanks is:
Consider the statements below and the use of verb tenses in them.
I- The road is closed. There's been an accident.
II- lt was not raining when I looked out of the window; the sun was shining. But it was been raining before.
III- I wasn't sure who she was. I'd seen her before, but I couldn't remember where.
IV- Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he's phoned her this evening.
V- lt was raining when I have gotten up.
It is correct only what is stated in
Read this statement:
“Mr. Mason has gone out.” the secretary told me.
The correct sentence that maintains the meaning of the situation above, in reported speech, is:
Conheça nossos planos