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According to the last paragraph of the text, the local population of the Arab shores was greatly frightened by the presence of the newcomers because nobody knew what their purpose was.  

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In the fragment “Diplomatic institutions adopting such technologies” (first sentence of the second paragraph), “adopting” describes an ongoing action that started in the past and continues in the present, since it is in the present perfect continuous.  

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The text suggests that, although AI can assist diplomats, it cannot fully replace the human qualities required in diplomacy.  

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According to the text, the use of AI in diplomacy reduces the risk of reinforcing global inequalities. 

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In the fragment “adaptive and responsible AI frameworks,” (second sentence of the second paragraph), the words “adaptive” and “responsible” modify the expression “AI”.  

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The author argues that the ethical governance of AI’s application in diplomacy is especially critical because its influence may extend beyond technical efficiency to altering the global distribution of political power. 

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In the fourth paragraph, it can be inferred from the expressions ‘flexing muscle and testosterone’ and ‘win at all costs’ that, for Mohammed, the male dominance in political representation evokes an attitude of aggressiveness, strength, and competition. 

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In the excerpt ‘And we have to change that mentality’ (last sentence of the sixth paragraph) the fragment ‘that mentality’ refers back to the belief that, when in power, women diminish value instead of adding it.  

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According to the text, Mohammed claims that affirmative action alone is not enough to solve women under-representation because it lacks a strategy for engaging women as political agents and voters. 

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In the fragment ‘And what we bring to the table is incredibly important and it’s missing’ (second sentence of the second paragraph), the pronoun ‘we’ refers specifically to the women that are part of decision-making tables.  

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It is correct to conclude from the linguistic aspects and the meanings of the third paragraph of the text that the phrase “women remain relegated to the margins of power” (second sentence) is in the passive voice.  

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According to the text, more than one-third of lawmakers worldwide are women.  

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Amina Mohammed believes that women’s absence from decision-making roles is the only reason global development remains stagnant.  

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In the excerpt ‘And we never connected the dots for women themselves to build the constituencies’ (second sentence of the last paragraph) the phrase ‘to build the constituencies’ functions as an adverb that modifies ‘connected’.  

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In the sentence ‘We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action’ (first sentence of the last paragraph), the verbs ‘put’ and “let’s have” express recommendations or suggestions previously made.