Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 25.503 questões
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522162
Inglês
The incorporation of English into Brazilian Portuguese
has evolved over several decades. How has the
influence of English in Brazilian Portuguese historically
impacted its use in everyday speech?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522161
Inglês
There are several theories regarding how humans
acquire language, each with different perspectives on the
role of innate biological mechanisms and social
interaction. For example, the nativist theory suggests that
language acquisition is an inborn ability, while the
interactionist theory emphasizes the importance of social
interaction in learning a language. How does the
interactionist theory explain language acquisition?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522160
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
The article features the perspectives of different
individuals regarding retirement savings. These
individuals express their views based on their own life
situations and financial understanding. What best
describes the relationship between the speakers' views
and their personal experiences, as conveyed in the
article?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522159
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the sentence "The most common — and easiest —
path toward retirement is taking advantage of an
employer's 401(k)," the word "path" refers to which of the
following?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522158
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the article, the author discusses Gen Z's approach to
work and career. One of the terms that has emerged to
describe a specific behavior in the workplace is "quiet
quitting". Based on the context provided in the article,
how would you best define this term?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522157
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the sentence "According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, a financial services company,
only 20 percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for
retirement," the verb tense "are saving" is used. What is
the function of this tense in the context of the sentence?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522156
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the article, a study conducted by Bank of America is
mentioned to underline the financial situation of Gen Z.
The study serves a specific role in supporting the
argument of the article. What is the main purpose of the
Bank of America study as discussed in the text?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
AMAUC
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC
Prova:
AMAUC - 2025 - Prefeitura de Jaborá - SC - Professor de Inglês - Edital nº 1 |
Q3522155
Inglês
Texto associado
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?
By Elizabeth Gulino
Although they've only been in the professional sphere for
less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work
as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming
imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully
embracing being the personality hire. But they're also,
apparently, not saving enough for retirement.
According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity
Association, a financial services company, only 20
percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement.
Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a
myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on
starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is
higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is
climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a
healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead
of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of
respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of
them admit they don't even know where to start.
A recent Bank of America study provided further
confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the
banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't
have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.
Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path
to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing,
and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in
schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and
resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen
Zers feel overwhelmed.
The most common — and easiest — path toward
retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k).
Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company
matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her
former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize
that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says.
"When I would tell people that they weren't matching it
they were like, what? How are they getting away with
that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is
taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she
would've been more ahead in her saving game if she
knew what to look for before.
Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently
saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so through their employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to
dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a
chunk of the workforce has been left behind on
retirement planning.
Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is
currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has
zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his
first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was
able to start something and retire in less than 25 years,
which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she
says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same
thing, but I haven't saved a dime.
"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily
enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that
I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.
Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's
currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way.
For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs
and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto
that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents
to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income
goes to investments, including retirement.
Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire
Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of
saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial
independence" in a short time frame.
"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane
explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There
are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working —
it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take
really long breaks."
The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire,"
which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It
gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you
flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a
barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your
life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate
job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully
saving $700,000. That would enable me to find
alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."
Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that
employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their
workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that
freelancers or those who are self-employed, like
Angelina, need to work that much harder to get
themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says
that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are
a good place to start.
Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow
Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and
consume don't help very much when it comes to saving.
"I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded
with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's
very easy for people to spend everything that they make."
Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for
their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost
of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless
opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We live in a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are
perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and
overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I
would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of
overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in
us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the
hell it's called."
Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among
young people when it comes to their money is a must.
Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living
expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses,
too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on
healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds
that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf
all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health
deteriorates."
Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they
value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this
demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the
freedom to pursue their interests and being able to
financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new
combination we have not seen in other generations."
Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina,
though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is
my year to get my shit together," she says.
https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
The article presents a discussion about retirement
savings among Gen Z, touching on various aspects of
financial behavior and generational differences. Given its
purpose, what genre best describes this article,
considering its informative and reflective tone?
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517862
Inglês
Texto associado
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the expression “willy-nilly” indicates that civilizations easily generate more complex communities.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517861
Inglês
Texto associado
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
The spiritual armor mentioned in the first sentence of the text can be correctly understood as the condition of literacy, which characterizes the notion of civilization adopted by the author.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517860
Inglês
Texto associado
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
One of the assumptions underlying the text is that there is a fundamental difference between two kinds of human groups: the literate and civilized, on one hand, and the illiterate and uncivilized, on the other.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517859
Inglês
Texto associado
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the first sentence of the second paragraph, “woefully” and “transiently” modify two different actions.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517858
Inglês
Texto associado
Equipped with spiritual armor against the threats and
blows of a new, strange life, literate man marches forth to win
victories in war and statecraft, art and science, religion and
business. But in achieving these triumphs each civilization brings
into being, willy-nilly, a larger and more complex community,
increasingly divided against itself by internal cleavages of needs
and creeds and fraught with growing contradictions in all spheres
of life between theory and practice, faith and works, ideals and
realities. The new unity of sentiment and purpose which
gloriously characterizes the coming of the great age proves to be
short-lived.
The uneasy balance of instinct, egotism, and ethics,
woefully lost with the initial transition from preliteracy to
civilization and transiently regained in new devotions to tribal
gods, human or divine, is again lost as the orbit of civilization
moves from tribe and kingdom and nation to the complex
and confusing imperium of the great society and the World State.
The acids of rationalism and skepticism dissolve old loyalties.
The injunctions of morality, even when reinforced by the vision
of the monotheistic higher religions, conflict with reason and
self-interest. Man is divided against himself. And therefore men
become divided against themselves in new cleavages of rich
and poor, in-group and out-group, faithful and infidel, orthodox
and heterodox, my side and your side.
Frederick L. Schuman. International politics: the destiny of the
Western State System. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1948.
According to the preceding text, judge the following item.
It is correct to conclude from the meanings and the grammatical structure of the second sentence of the text that contradictions are part of the “cleavages of needs and creeds”.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517857
Inglês
Texto associado
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are
environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550
steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.
Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many
industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the
economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by
textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use
of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more
attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and
fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises.
Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in
the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic
competition, war and imperial domination would start a
worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of
‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very
specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.
Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a
very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to
the environmental consequences of its economic activities does
not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the
industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards
fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the
relationships between humans and their environment or the
“natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been
clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial
revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity
bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.
Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).
In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.
In the second paragraph, the expressions “stand up to scrutiny” (first sentence) and “bear up to examination” (last sentence) have similar meanings and may correctly be used interchangeably in the text.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517856
Inglês
Texto associado
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are
environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550
steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.
Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many
industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the
economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by
textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use
of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more
attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and
fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises.
Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in
the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic
competition, war and imperial domination would start a
worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of
‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very
specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.
Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a
very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to
the environmental consequences of its economic activities does
not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the
industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards
fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the
relationships between humans and their environment or the
“natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been
clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial
revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity
bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.
Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).
In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.
The point the author intends to make with the text is that environmental concerns began with the industrial revolution in Britain.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517855
Inglês
Texto associado
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are
environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550
steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.
Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many
industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the
economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by
textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use
of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more
attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and
fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises.
Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in
the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic
competition, war and imperial domination would start a
worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of
‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very
specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.
Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a
very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to
the environmental consequences of its economic activities does
not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the
industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards
fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the
relationships between humans and their environment or the
“natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been
clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial
revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity
bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.
Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).
In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.
In the second paragraph, the author claims that the use of fossil fuels marked the relationship between humans and their environment.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517853
Inglês
Texto associado
There is nothing inevitable about choices that are
environmentally destructive. In 1800, there were indeed 550
steam engines in Europe but there were over 500,000 water mills.
Coal was more expensive than hydro power and many
industrialists were not persuaded of its added value. It was the
economic recession of 1825-1848 with increasing agitation by
textile workers over salaries and conditions which made the use
of coal-powered, steam-driven spinning machines a much more
attractive proposition. More machines meant fewer workers and
fewer workers meant fewer demands, notably for wage rises.
Therefore, the substantial increase in CO2 emissions in Britain in
the first half of the nineteenth century, which through economic
competition, war and imperial domination would start a
worldwide trend, was not the blind outcome of the machinery of
‘progress’ but the cumulative consequence of a set of very
specific decisions taken by identifiable socio-economic actors.
Similarly, the notion that ecological awareness is only a
very recent phenomenon where “humanity” finally woke up to
the environmental consequences of its economic activities does
not stand up to scrutiny. In the period from the beginnings of the
industrial revolution to the decade when the movement towards
fossil fuels use becomes more marked, awareness of the
relationships between humans and their environment or the
“natural world” was widespread. Environmental risks have been
clearly and repeatedly signalled from the time of the industrial
revolution onwards. The notion of an unthinking humanity
bringing destruction upon itself does not bear up to examination.
Michael Cronin. Eco-Translation: translation and ecology in the
Age of the Anthropocene. New York: Routledge, 2017. p. 11-12 (adapted).
In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.
The second sentence of the first paragraph indicates that, in 1800, there were already anthropogenic changes in nature.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517852
Inglês
Texto associado
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army
of believers.
The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial
city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of
locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched.
Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from
nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy
war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise.
Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved
exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other
ordeals settled criminal cases.
Few had any learning at all. What education there was
back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the
watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no
understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics.
They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the
regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They
knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors,
and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific
instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an
eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified
them. They though it was black magic.
The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who
were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under
the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at
the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?
Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
In all its occurrences in the third paragraph, the pronoun “They” refers to “The warriors of God” (second paragraph), also referred in the text as “barbarians” (last paragraph).
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517851
Inglês
Texto associado
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army
of believers.
The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial
city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of
locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched.
Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from
nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy
war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise.
Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved
exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other
ordeals settled criminal cases.
Few had any learning at all. What education there was
back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the
watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no
understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics.
They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the
regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They
knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors,
and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific
instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an
eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified
them. They though it was black magic.
The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who
were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under
the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at
the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?
Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The author of the text presents the characteristics of the warriors that contrasted with the life of those who inhabited the “Arab shores”, mentioned in the last paragraph.
Ano: 2025
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2025 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata (Terceiro Secretário) - Manhã e Tarde |
Q3517850
Inglês
Texto associado
They couldn’t even tell the time — this uncountable army
of believers.
The warriors of God pushed on to the gates of the imperial
city of Constantinople, their arrival heralded by a plague of
locusts that destroyed the vines but left the wheat untouched.
Their leader, an implacable cleric who had appeared from
nowhere to great popular acclaim, exhorted his charges to holy
war against the infidel with promises of a home in paradise.
Disease and malnutrition were rife. Medical care often involved
exorcism of the amputation of injured limbs. Torture and other
ordeals settled criminal cases.
Few had any learning at all. What education there was
back home consisted of memorizing outdated texts under the
watchful eyes of hidebound doctors of religion. They had no
understanding of basic technology, science, or mathematics.
They could not date their most important holy days, nor chart the
regular movements of the sun, the moon, and the planets. They
knew nothing of papermaking or the use of lenses and mirrors,
and they had no inkling of the prince of contemporary scientific
instruments — the astrolabe. Natural phenomena, such as an
eclipse of the moon or a sudden change in weather, terrified
them. They though it was black magic.
The arrival of this fanatical army horrified the locals. Who
were these pale-skinned, blue-eyed barbarians, marching under
the sign of the cross, and what did they want on Arab shores at
the dawn of the twelfth Christian century?
Jonathan Lyons. The House of Wisdom. How the Arabs Transformed
Western Civilization. London: Bloomsbury, 2009. p. 9 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
According to the text, as a consequence of the arrival of the warriors, the vines mentioned in the second paragraph were attacked by a widespread plant disease.
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