Different theoretical views of language and the nature of language proficiency, implicitly or explicitly, ground approaches and methods in language teaching as well as how language and discourse are understood. The functional view of language leads to a specification and organization of language teaching content by categories of meaning and function, rather than by elements of structure and grammar, that is emphasized by the:

Debate; interview; conversation; dialogues; watching movies/series; lineup via web; listening to music are some of the oral communication practices that focus comprehension (listening) and oral production (speaking), fostering literacy by allowing development and consolidation of conducts such as:

Students were asked to perform the following sequence of activities: (a) analyse the systemic organization of the text’s components, for example, intentionality, informativeness; (b) perform the guessing of unknown word meaning through text clues; (c) distinguish among core information and detail by applying inference strategies; (d) identify some of the cohesive connections that integrate the net of information. The actions developed indicate skills and competencies belonging in:

Drug use has been prevalent for several decades in the United States. In general, the most used are tobacco, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, amphetamines, cocaine, and psychedelics, while among teens, alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco are the top three (Most Reported Substance Use among Adolescents Held Steady in 2022). Studies on the impact of smoking and vaping use in films have found evidence of increased risk among exposed children, indicating the process of causal association (Hassanein et al., 2022). Changes in recreational and medicinal regulation process have also brought modifications to some illicit substances, like marijuana and psychedelics, for those having gained legal status in states like California, Colorado, and Oregon. However, a study in Washington, a recreational state, illustrated no increases in marijuana use among 12th graders and a decrease of 22% in 10th graders. Despite these societal process change, cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol still pose significant dangers to individuals, especially when abused. In recent years, the landscape of alcohol consumption has changed to include unsuspecting high-alcohol beverages like seltzers, marketing via social media, and businesses that historically did not provide, but now readily provide drinks, like movie theaters and “for here, or to go” off-premises sales. Alcohol abuse can result in a process of liver damage, impaired judgment, addiction, and increased risk of accidents and violence (Jones, 2020). Cigarettes contain harmful chemicals that can lead to severe respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and various forms of cancer. Marijuana, although touted for its medicinal properties, can have adverse effects on the memorization process, concentration, and mental health, particularly among young users, therefore, these health concerns are deeper than ever, as marijuana potency has increased steadily over the last two decades.

(Available in: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent. Adapted. Accessed on: January 2026.)

3The text presented for reading and comprehension work for its topic of general interest – drug consumption among youngsters – is part of a project aimed at connecting curricular areas. While providing vocabulary expansion and improving informational level, linguistic knowledge development was also sought, since students reviewed and applied content already studied. Based on the observation of the highlighted word, the alternative whose plural form follows the same rule is:

The image below was tabled to 8th graders in order to consolidate linguistic expertise and semantic investigation.

(Available in: https://www.dailywritingtips.com/7-packaging-label-errors. Accessed on: January 2026.)

By means of exposure to authentic materials, and observation of verbal and visual data, as well as lexical search, students are expected to indicate that the alternative consistent with the study is:

(Available in: https://www.todamateria.com.br. Accessed on: January 2026.)

The study of verb tenses, funded by verbal and nonverbal data in the comic strip above, enables students to reach understanding that the “going to” use employed matches

An Ensino Médio [High School] group was offered the meme below for analysis and study of language employment in relation to culture, and society’s requirements.

(Available in: https://imgur.com/gallery/great-white/. Accessed on: January 2026.)

The first step was lexical research, then meaning discussion was carried out, and to close up activities, students pointed out that the option matching the image is:

        Trump gave what was billed as a “Christmas speech” in rural Pennsylvania this past week that began with his “wishing each and everyone one of you a very merry Christmas, happy New Year, all of that stuff” and boasting that now, under his presidency: “Everybody’s saying ‘merry Christmas’ again.” He then claimed – contrary to the experience of nearly everyone in the crowd – that he had gotten them “lower prices” and “bigger paychecks”.

        He was supposed to talk about affordability, but Trump’s narcissistic brain seemed incapable of the minimal empathy to recognize the public’s angst over the cost of living. So he veered far off the affordability script to attack Ilhan Omar, a Minnesota congresswoman, ridicule windmills. Small wonder that most voters have had it with Trump.

        In Indiana this past week, Republican senators rejected a redistricting plan that Trump had tried to bully them into accepting. Twenty-one senators from the Republican majority in the Indiana senate and all 10 senate Democrats voted it down. Even congressional Republicans are starting to desert him as they see that the wannabe emperor has no clothes. They’ve rejected his demand to end the filibuster, rebuked his incipient healthcare plan, forced him to cave on the Epstein files, won’t approve his bonkers $2,000 tariff checks for Americans, fret about his boat strikes off the coasts of Central and South America, and are in open rebellion against his hand-picked speaker of the House. Trump won’t steal Christmas, but it’s looking increasingly likely that Christmas will steal Trump.

(Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/. Adapted. Accessed on: January 2026.)

The study of text genres helps readers understand why a text is written and how it's structured, improving comprehension and writing skills. The previous text was introduced for examination, and students led to identify its purpose and structural features, having their guide in the text’s general idea which is:

Scanning is a useful reading strategy that helps answer specific questions. In this sense, the question that asks the student to scan is: 

The poem ends with a note of 

The modal verb in “Then you must begin today” (3rd line) expresses  

The literal meaning of the word “harvest” in “Will you be at the harvest […]?” refers to the moment of

The aim of this poem is to 

The sentence in the title presents a(n)  

If the vehicle is “towed away”, this means it will be 

The sentence “vehicles will be tagged” is in the 

In this poster, the word “access” is classified as a(n) 

According to the BNCC, students should infer information from diverse texts in different spheres of circulation (EF08LI05). Following this guideline, the teacher may organize the class in pairs and ask them to infer the meaning of this road sign.
The correct answer is: 

The word “one” in “no one” is classified as a(n) 

A synonym for “over” in “India has over 125,000,000 ESL speakers” is