Questões de Concurso Sobre aspectos linguísticos | linguistic aspects em inglês

Foram encontradas 1.012 questões

Q3695691 Inglês
Mark the option that best completes the following sentence.

In phonics, the concept of __________ refers to a group of letters that represents a single phoneme, such as “sh” in “ship.” 
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Q3684912 Inglês
The European Island That Swaps Nationality Twice a Year



(Available at: https://metro.co.uk/2025/04/09/bizarre-european-island-swaps-nationality-twice-a-year22872393/ – text specially adapted for this test).
Considering the standard English pronunciation rules, plural nouns ending in -s can be pronounced as follows: /s/, as in “routes” (l. 33), /z/, as in “celebrations” (l. 31), or as /ɪz/, as in “carriages” (l. 20). Which alternative below shows a plural noun pronounced as /ɪz/?
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Q3684648 Inglês

In Received Pronunciation (RP), the word bath is pronounced /bɑːθ/, while in General American it is /bæθ/.



Which concept explains this phenomenon?

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Q3674889 Inglês
Questio must be answered based on the following cartoon.


q_44 in.png (973×310)


The principles of cohesion proposed by Halliday and Hasan (1976) are linguistic devices that create connections and a sense of unity within a text, making it understandable as a whole rather than a series of unrelated sentences. Drawing on these principles, the cartoon below shows


Source: https://mleddy.blogspot.com/2018/07/hi-and-lois-watch.html?m=1 
The second panel illustrates several people seated on the church benches. The sunlight poured through the stained-glass window from the church. Above the baby’s head, we can read: “He gets really big!” 
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Q3674883 Inglês

Question must be answered based on the following excerpt.


“It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him.”


Source: Orwell, George. 1984. Penguin, 2004.


In the text, the words “bright,” “cold,” “vile,” and “gritty” contribute to: 

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Q3669418 Inglês
Which of the following word pairs exemplifies a contrast based specifically on vowel quality in English phonology?
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Q3655132 Inglês
'First there is trust, then passion, then death': Why the 'Virgin Queen' never married

Neil Armstrong

Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII, is the only English queen never to have married. The iconic Tudor monarch's last visit to Kenilworth 450 years ago may hold some clues to her solo reign − as revealed in a new art installation at the castle, depicting betrayal, beheadings and an elaborate declaration of love.

On a July evening in 1575, 41-year-old Queen Elizabeth I arrived at Kenilworth Castle in Warwickshire, UK, for what would be her longest and last visit. She had given the castle to Robert Dudley in 1563 and granted him the title of Earl of Leicester the following year. Dudley was a great favourite of the Queen and is thought to have been her childhood friend. The precise nature of their close relationship was the subject of much gossip.

Prior to the unmarried Queen's arrival, Dudley had given the magnificent castle a major refurb. New buildings had gone up, a new garden had been created and the estate had been landscaped. And the earl pulled out all the stops to lay on extraordinary entertainment in the form of music, dancing, acrobatics, spectacular fireworks and dramatic interludes performed by costumed actors. On the huge mere surrounding the castle, there was a moving island inhabited by the "Lady of the Lake". There was a 24ft (7.3m) dolphin that concealed musicians, and an 18ft-(5.5m) long swimming mermaid.

No expense was spared. It cost Dudley £1,000 ($1,400) a day − millions in today's money, and the whole extravaganza has been interpreted as an elaborate and expensive courtship display; the 16th-Century ruling class's equivalent of hiring a plane to fly a "Marry Me" banner. "The 1575 festivities were an attempt to woo Elizabeth − marriage is a theme in some of the events," Jeremy Ashbee, head curator of properties at English Heritage, tells the BBC. "Dr Elizabeth Goldring, who has made a detailed study of Lord Leicester, has called it 'his last throw of the dice'."

Dudley's gamble seemed to be going swimmingly, but then everything changed. The highlight of the stay was to have been a masque − or performance − on Wednesday 20 July. It never took place. Was it simply a case of bad weather preventing the event, as the official version had it? Or had the monarch got wind of the subject matter and been angered? The masque featured Diana, goddess of chastity, searching for one of her chaste nymphs, pointedly called Zabetta − a version of the name Elizabeth.

It concluded with a messenger of Juno, goddess of marriage, directly addressing Elizabeth, and imploring her not to follow the path of Diana but to marry instead. Dudley had a certain amount of leeway with the Queen, but this perhaps was going too far. Whatever the reason, the masque never took place, and the revelries were over. The Queen remained in her quarters for a few more days before leaving on 27 July.

Elizabeth I, daughter of Henry VIII, is the only English queen never to have married. She came to power in 1558 at the age of 25, inheriting religious, political and financial problems from her two predecessors, her half-brother, Edward VI (1537-1553), and her half-sister, Mary I (1516-1558).

Advisers and members of Parliament repeatedly urged her to marry to protect England's security. A woman ruling alone? Inconceivable. A queen needed to marry, it was believed, not just to produce a male heir in order to avoid succession disputes but also so that a man could take charge of political and military matters. The entreaties to marry were ceaseless, and numerous matrimonial candidates were suggested or suggested themselves. Elizabeth repeatedly parried, deflected and refused. Why?

It's entirely possible that she simply found the idea of having to obey or defer to a husband − any husband − intolerable. After all, she was very well educated (she learned five languages − French, Italian, Spanish, Latin and Flemish − and had studied history and rhetoric), highly intelligent, proud and fiery. She is said to have declared: "I will have but one mistress here and no master."

Also, Elizabeth knew that a woman could govern perfectly well without a man looking over her shoulder. In the summer of 1544, at Hampton Court, she witnessed the scholarly Katherine Parr, Henry's sixth wife, ruling with full authority while the king was on campaign in France. Katherine was a more than capable regent, and Elizabeth seems to have been profoundly influenced by seeing her stepmother exercising power, and accepting as her due the humble deference of powerful male ministers and courtiers.

Besides, her own immediate family had hardly furnished her with an image of the joys of marriage. Her father had her mother, Anne Boleyn, arrested on trumped-up charges of adultery and conspiracy, and then, shockingly, had her beheaded when Elizabeth was just three years old. Some commentators have suggested that Elizabeth might have been afraid of sex.

In fact, Elizabeth enjoyed the company of handsome men, and could be flirtatious with them. However, she had plenty of reasons to fear pregnancy and childbirth. Childbirth was a very high-risk enterprise in the Tudor era. Jane Seymour, Henry's third wife, died in childbirth, and Katherine Parr died of an illness shortly after giving birth, as had Elizabeth's grandmother, Elizabeth of York.

But there were political reasons, as well as personal, for not marrying. Keeping the country free from the influence of foreign powers may have been a consideration. Also, the prospect of Elizabeth's hand in marriage might have strengthened her negotiating position in her dealings with France, Spain and other nations. Meanwhile, if she'd married an English nobleman (and Dudley might have been a possibility had not his wife, Amy Robsart, died in somewhat suspicious circumstances in 1560), she would have automatically put another English nobleman's nose out-of-joint.

So she kept everyone waiting and wondering. She seems to have had an instinctive grasp of what we now call PR, and liked to present herself as wholly devoted to her realm. From early in her reign she cultivated the image of the Virgin Queen. In 1559 she declared, in response to MPs asking her to marry, that eventually "a marble stone shall declare that a queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin".

Had the real Elizabeth allowed Dudley to think he might be in with a chance? And what did the Kenilworth visit mean for their relationship? "I don't believe that he felt humiliated by her rejection of his proposal," says Ashbee. "He was happy for an official account of the festivities to be published soon afterwards, and in his will, he stipulated that the castle was to be left exactly as it had been. I rather get the feeling that he saw 1575 as his 'finest hour'. He certainly didn't retire quietly into private life after 1575."

Elizabeth was furious with Dudley for a while when he married Lettice Knollys in 1578 − but she forgave him. When he died, in 1588, she locked herself in her room for so long that her chief adviser ordered that the doors be forced open. And when Elizabeth died in 1603, a note Dudley had sent her shortly before his death was found in a casket she kept by the side of her bed. She had written on it "his last letter".


https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20250714-why-the-virgin-queen-nev er-married (adapted)

Teacher Patricia is working on pronunciation with the Elizabeth I text, focusing on words that may cause confusion due to similar sounds. She notices students struggling with words like "queen/clean," "reign/rain," and "marriage/carriage." Her goal is to help students develop phonemic awareness and improve their listening discrimination skills through contextualized practice. Regarding this topic, select the INCORRECT alternative.
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Q3648799 Inglês
In ‘Pacific Ocean’, each letter C is realized with a different phonetic value. Which sequence corresponds to the order of the three c’s? 
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Q3643744 Inglês
Brattleboro archeology project adds to historical narrative of mill workers

BRATTLEBORO — Archeology along the recently restored floodplain on Birge Street helps illustrate the rich industrial history of Brattleboro.

"This research conducted has proven to be a valuable dataset that contributes, in many ways, to shaping the historical narrative of mill workers in Vermont," said Danielle Duguid, project manager and principal investigator with Hartgen Archeological Associates. "Most importantly, it's added direct ties to the families who toiled and prospered living in the lumber yard of the Holden & Martin sawmill."

In a virtual event Thursday, Duguid presented information about her group's discoveries. Hartgen was hired for archeological work of the floodplain restoration project now known as Kikitta Ahki, with funding from the town, Vermont River Conservancy and Vermont Emergency Management. The Brattleboro Historical Society provided information.

Duguid said the archeological site was initially identified during test excavations in 2018 during archeological permitting for the floodplain restoration project.

"The plans for the larger project involve removing many feet of modern and historic fill across the 12 acres of the floodplain to allow natural flooding of the area and prevent catastrophic flooding from overflowing into the rest of downtown Brattleboro, which had occurred in 2011 following Hurricane Irene," she said. "Large scale archeological excavations and research are conducted to preserve as much of the information as possible before the site gets destroyed by the planned development or construction. The information and knowledge that's gained from this effort is then gathered into a large report, discussed with community and given to museums to preserve the history for future generations."

Duguid said indigenous peoples began to set up permanent settlements and built villages in the study area. Her group found a few small fragments of stone tools they used.

Brooks traveling the Connecticut River "provided ease of transportation and more importantly hydropower for the 18th and 19th century settlers along the Whetstone Brook," Duguid said.

"Dozens of saw mills, woolen factories, tanneries and other water powered industries began to pop up during the 18th and 19th century," she said. "Subsequent mill operations ran adjacent to the study area from the 1830s to the 1960s as well as in many more other locations."

John Birge, who the street was named for, constructed a woolen mill in 1838. It changed hands over the years.

In the 19th century, David and Catherine Leahy bought 8 acres of the meadow right next to a mill to build their home. The Irish immigrant couple ended up splitting up, and their land and house were sold to the up-and-coming Holden & Martin Milling Company in 1904. The home housed families employed at the mill.

"With a reputation of investing in their employees," Duguid said of Holden & Martin, "they applauded themselves on providing reasonable priced worker housing throughout Brattleboro, utilizing a rent-to-own model for any of their housing and never defaulting on a loan."

Duguid counted a total of 5,968 architectural artifacts found by her group during excavations. They included wooden beams, slate shingles, window glass, nails, hardware and bricks. These materials "vastly outnumbered the domestic and personal assemblages," Duguid said.

A total of 4,300 nails were catalogued. They're "actually particularly useful for historic archeologists as the shapes and sizes are diagnostic," Duguid said.

Slate discovered by her group was "definitely local to the area," Duguid said. They made the determination based off its color.

"Faunal remains were found throughout the site as well, helping archeologists understand what the families at the Leahy home were consuming," she said. "Through looking at the bones, researchers can determine the species and also examine cut marks and butcher marks for information about how animals were processed."

Duguid said bones from cattle, pig, sheep, goat and horse bones were identified in the approximately 300 final remains analyzed.

Personal items discovered included tobacco pipe stems, leather shoes, children's toys, burnt vinyl records and a rosary. Duguid suggested the large number of toys at the site may indicate they were used to distract families from the dangers of the nearby mill.


https://www.reformer.com/local-news/brattleboro-archeology-project-ad ds-to-historical-narrative-of-mill-workers/article_77f635b9-7b4b-4706-b9 85-66a79d767c62.html
The text contains words such as "wooden," "Whetstone," and "woolen." These words share similar initial sounds but differ in meaning and usage. Which of the following best explains the challenge for English learners when pronouncing these terms?
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Q3628179 Inglês
Balanced diet

    Keeping a balanced diet is essential for maintaining good health and well-being. It means consuming a variety of foods that provide your body with the right nutrients it needs to function properly. So, what does a balanced diet look like?
    Fruits and Vegetables: Start by fi lling half your plate with fruits and vegetables. These foods are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fi ber. They help you stay healthy and provide essential nutrients.
    Proteins: Include lean proteins like chicken, fi sh, beans, and tofu in your diet. Proteins are important for building and repairing tissues in your body.
    Whole Grains: Opt for whole grains like brown rice, whole wheat bread, and oatmeal. They provide energy and fi ber, keeping you full and satisfi ed.
    Dairy or Alternatives: Dairy products like milk, yogurt, and cheese are excellent sources of calcium. If you’re lactose intolerant or prefer plant-based options, try fortifi ed non-dairy alternatives like almond milk. 
    Healthy Fats: Don’t be afraid of fats; just choose healthy ones like avocados, nuts, and olive oil. These fats are essential for brain and heart health. Limit Sugars and Salt: Try to reduce your intake of sugary drinks, sweets, and high-sodium foods. Too much of these can harm your health.
    Hydration: Drink plenty of water throughout the day. It helps with digestion, keeps you hydrated, and supports overall health.
    Portion Control: Pay attention to portion sizes. Eating the right amount of food helps maintain a healthy weight.
    Remember, a balanced diet isn’t about perfection; it’s about making good choices most of the time. So, try to incorporate a variety of foods into your meals, and don’t forget to enjoy your food. A balanced diet is not only good for your body but also for your taste buds! 

(https://www.maxhealthcare.in/blogs/what-is-abalanced-diet)
Acessadado em: 20 de agosto de 2025
“Homophones” são palavras que possuem a mesma pronúncia, ainda que diferentes na grafi a e no signifi cado. No trecho “Too much of these can harm your health”, o termo destacado é pronunciado da mesma forma que:
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Q3623264 Inglês

Reasons To Make A ‘Reverse Bucket List’, By A Psychologist


By Mark Travers







(Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2025/07/18/3-reasons-to-make-a-reverse-bucketlist-by-a-psychologist – text specially adapted for this test.) *Bucket list: a list of the things that a person would like to do or achieve before they die. (Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/us/dictionary/english/bucket-list) 

In standard English, the “th” can be pronounced voiceless /θ/, as in “thinking”, or voiced /ð/, as in “that”. Mark the alternative that shows only words with voiceless “th”.
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Q3565848 Inglês
In a Brazilian second year High School English class, the topic of the week is Politeness and Attitude in Questions. To reinforce the lesson, the teacher shows a brief video of two characters asking the same question — “Could you help me with this?” — but with different intonations:

• In the first version, the speaker employs a friendly, rising-falling intonation, sounding polite and approachable.
• In the second, the speaker’s pitch is flat or sharp, and he sounds impatient, even rude.


The teacher then covers how intonation can alter the attitude that is perceived from the speaker and even with the same words. Students then pair off to practice short dialogues (at a hotel help desk), working on how to adopt intonation to show politeness, surprise, annoyance, or uncertainty. The activity closes with students acting out short role-plays and classmates providing feedback on intonation and communicative impact. As Gilbert (2008) expresses it, suprasegmental features such as intonation that “are of great concern at the intermediate level” and are necessary for assisting “learners to acquire not only correct grammar but also communicative effectiveness”, as said by Celce-Murcia, Brinton and Goodwin (2010). According to the authors, what purpose does intonation serve for the intermediate L2 learner of English?
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Q3565847 Inglês
What is a core concept in Jenkins’ (2000) Lingua Franca Core?
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Q3553786 Inglês
In academic writing, the phrase "It is widely believed that" serves as:
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Q3553782 Inglês
In phonetics, the consonant sound /θ/ as in think is classified as: 
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Q3553779 Inglês
 Which of the following words contains a schwa /ə/ sound in its most common pronunciation? 
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Q3541315 Inglês
Homographs and homophones are common in the English language and often cause confusion among learners. About it, judge the following statements on the subject as True (T) or False (F), and then mark the alternative with the correct sequence.

( ) Homographs are words that are spelled the same but may have different meanings and, in some cases, different pronunciations.
( ) Homophones are words that sound the same but may differ in spelling and meaning.
( ) The word “can” is an example of a homograph.
( ) “Peace” and “piece” are examples of homophones.
( ) The word “bark” is an example of a homophone.
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Q3524640 Inglês
   The good news about formulating a strong lesson plan for a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) class is that it will contain many of the same features of a good lesson plan for any class. That is, it will include transitions from and to the previous class and the next one, it will warm students up to the day’s lesson in an engaging way, it will present new material and recycle familiar material, it will include some ways to assess progress during the class, and it will be flexible enough to account for classes that move slower or more quickly than you had anticipated.

   What’s important about CLIL lesson plans, though, is that you include both subject area content and language points so that you derive the full benefits of a CLIL approach. If you try to wing it, you might wind up concentrating on one area to the detriment of the other.

   The key elements of CLIL lesson plans are:

   Content – Most teachers find it easiest to start by considering the content. What knowledge – that is, what subject area material – do you want to transmit? How are you going to present it – through an article, a video, a demonstration, a discussion, or an experiment?

   It can be helpful when planning to finish sentences such as I want my students to be able to/At the end of the class, they should know… If you have a cooperating content area teacher at your institution, meet with that person in advance to go over your goals and see how they interact with theirs.

   Language – Once you have the content pinned down, you can pick out the necessary language and communication skills that students will need to engage with the material. For example, these could include: specialized vocabulary, functional phrases and collocations, pronunciation or intonation practice, grammatical structures, features of text organization.

   You’ll find these linguistic features in the texts that you present, but also in the language that students need to complete tasks. Imagine yourself as a student carrying out a task. What will you say? What will you write? Then, determine if you’ll need to teach any of this language to your class before presenting students with the task.

(https://bridge.edu/tefl/blog/clil-lesson-plans/. Adaptado)
Homophones are words that sound the same but differ in meaning or spelling. Identify the alternative containing homophones.
Alternativas
Q3524639 Inglês
   The good news about formulating a strong lesson plan for a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) class is that it will contain many of the same features of a good lesson plan for any class. That is, it will include transitions from and to the previous class and the next one, it will warm students up to the day’s lesson in an engaging way, it will present new material and recycle familiar material, it will include some ways to assess progress during the class, and it will be flexible enough to account for classes that move slower or more quickly than you had anticipated.

   What’s important about CLIL lesson plans, though, is that you include both subject area content and language points so that you derive the full benefits of a CLIL approach. If you try to wing it, you might wind up concentrating on one area to the detriment of the other.

   The key elements of CLIL lesson plans are:

   Content – Most teachers find it easiest to start by considering the content. What knowledge – that is, what subject area material – do you want to transmit? How are you going to present it – through an article, a video, a demonstration, a discussion, or an experiment?

   It can be helpful when planning to finish sentences such as I want my students to be able to/At the end of the class, they should know… If you have a cooperating content area teacher at your institution, meet with that person in advance to go over your goals and see how they interact with theirs.

   Language – Once you have the content pinned down, you can pick out the necessary language and communication skills that students will need to engage with the material. For example, these could include: specialized vocabulary, functional phrases and collocations, pronunciation or intonation practice, grammatical structures, features of text organization.

   You’ll find these linguistic features in the texts that you present, but also in the language that students need to complete tasks. Imagine yourself as a student carrying out a task. What will you say? What will you write? Then, determine if you’ll need to teach any of this language to your class before presenting students with the task.

(https://bridge.edu/tefl/blog/clil-lesson-plans/. Adaptado)
The text mentions pronunciation and intonation as language and communication skills to be developed in CLIL. Identifying word stress would be one of these skills. Choose the alternative in which the word bears the same stressed syllable, whether it is used as a verb or as a noun.
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Q3502706 Inglês
Choose the punctuation that is used when we want to express a surprise.
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Respostas
101: A
102: C
103: D
104: D
105: C
106: C
107: A
108: C
109: C
110: D
111: C
112: B
113: C
114: A
115: B
116: B
117: B
118: C
119: E
120: D