Questões de Concurso Sobre aspectos linguísticos | linguistic aspects em inglês

Foram encontradas 1.058 questões

Ano: 2013 Banca: FGV Órgão: AL-MT Prova: FGV - 2013 - AL-MT - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q789394 Inglês
The word “ease” in “The ease of access” (line 11) is pronounced in the same way as in:
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Q642188 Inglês

Read the paragraph below.

“At the Whole Woman’s Health center here, a young woman predicted what others would do if the state’s stringent new abortion bill approved late Friday forces clinics like this one to close: cross the border to Mexico to seek an “abortion pill.”

A Pill Available in Mexico Is a Texas Option for Abortion. Available in: http://www.nytimes.com

It is correct to affirm that the underlined word refers to

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Q480620 Inglês
Now, read through the text below, adapted from The New York Times and based on its contents answer question.


Conjunctions are items used to mark logical relationships between words, phrases, clauses or sentences. The conjunction which could be inserted before the sentence “I booked two tickets." (line 30) in order to emphasize its logical relationship with the preceding sentence is:
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Q480619 Inglês
Now, read through the text below, adapted from The New York Times and based on its contents answer question.


Verb phrases signal certain concepts. In the excerpt “(…) a strong national economy has been motivating the city of six million to remake itself.” (lines 21-23) and “Brazilian authorities have boasted that Rio’s murder rate has plunged.” (lines 23-24), the concept being signalled is that of:
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Q480618 Inglês
Now, read through the text below, adapted from The New York Times and based on its contents answer question.


The passive voice in the excerpt “Until recently, it had been considered a laughably inappropriate destination for a mother- daughter trip.” (lines 16-17) is being used because the agent:
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Q480617 Inglês
Now, read through the text below, adapted from The New York Times and based on its contents answer question.


The function of does in “The place does make Miami look like Cleveland” (line 14) is typical of :
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Q480615 Inglês
Now, read through the text below, adapted from The New York Times and based on its contents answer question.


In order to understand the core meaning of verbs, one must take into consideration the notions of time and tense. In the passage: “At the moment when the neon-pink sun slips below the horizon, everyone stops, stands and claps: a nightly salute to city, beach and sky.” (lines 5-7), the tense used conveys the idea of:
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Q480613 Inglês
Question   address both the teaching of English as a foreign language and the Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCNs)

When choosing texts for the reading lesson, text-related concepts such as Suitability of content, Exploitability and Readability should be taken into consideration. The concept of Readability is related to the:
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Q478526 Inglês
Choose the alternative with four different pronunciations for the sequence “-ough”:
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Q478522 Inglês
Choose the alternative with the correct sentences.

I. She applied for the job but they haven’t given her an answer
II. This book is based in a true story.
III. He don’t agree with everything I said.
IV. He was so tired that he couldn´t participate in the activity.
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Q470413 Inglês
Uma turista sul-africana veio ao Rio de Janeiro com sua cunhada para visitar alguns amigos e assistir aos jogos da Copa do mundo. Ao encontrar com esses amigos, a turista apresentou-lhes Victoria, sua cunhada. Assinale a alternativa que traz a apresentação correta feita pela mulher.
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Ano: 2013 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: IBGE Provas: CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Todos os Cargos - Conhecimentos Básicos - Analista | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Todos os Cargos - Conhecimentos Básicos - Tecnologista | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Arquivologia | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Estatística | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Análise e Desenvolvimento de Aplicações | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Suporte Operacional | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Humanos - Desenvolvimento de Pessoas | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Materiais e Logística | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Humanos - Administração de Pessoal | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Designer Institucional | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Orçamento e Finanças | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Planejamento e Gestão | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Suporte à Comunicação e Rede | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Ciências Contábeis | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Analista - Administração Escolar | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Análise Agrícola | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Análise Pecuária | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Análise Socioeconômica | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Cartografia | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Edição de Vídeo | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Geografia | CESGRANRIO - 2013 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Geoprocessamento |
Q437123 Inglês
In the excerpt of Text II: “living standards are severely damaged for both immigrants and native-born Americans, that is for everyone but the 0.1% wealthiest Americans who benefit from cheap labor” (lines 64-67), that is introduces a(n)
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Q381137 Inglês
Brazil’s Average Unemployment Rate Falls to Record Low in 2012

By Dow Jones Business News

January 31, 2013

            Brazil’s unemployment rate for 2012 fell to 5.5%, down from the previous record low of 6.0% recorded last year, the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, or IBGE, said Thursday. In December, unemployment fell to 4.6% compared with 4.9% in November, besting the previous record monthly low of 4.7% registered in December 2011, the IBGE said
            The 2012 average unemployment rate was in line with the 5.5% median estimate of economists polled by the local Estado news agency. Analysts had also pegged December’s unemployment rate at 4.4%.
            Brazil’s unemployment rate remains at historically low levels despite sluggish economic activity. Salaries have also been on the upswing in an ominous sign for inflation - a key area of concern for the Brazilian Central Bank after a series of interest rate cuts brought local interest rates to record lows last year. Inflation ended 2012 at 5.84%.
            The average monthly Brazilian salary retreated slightly to 1,805.00 Brazilian reais ($908.45) in December, down from the record high BRL1,809.60 registered in November, the IBGE said. Wages trended higher in 2012 as employee groups called on Brazilian companies and the government to increase wages and benefits to counter higher local prices. Companies were also forced to pay more to hire and retain workers because of the country’s low unemployment.
The IBGE measures unemployment in six of Brazil’s largest metropolitan areas, including São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Recife and Porto Alegre. Brazil’s unemployment rate, however, is not fully comparable to jobless rates in developed countries as a large portion of the population is either underemployed or works informally without paying taxes. In addition, workers not actively seeking a job in the month before the survey don’t count as unemployed under the IBGE’s methodology. The survey also doesn’t take into account farm workers.

                                    (www.nasdaq.com. Adaptado)

No trecho do quarto parágrafo – Companies were also forced to pay more to hire and retain workers because of the country’s low unemployment. – because introduz uma
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Q359342 Inglês
Each of the options below presents an excerpt taken from the text and a version of the same excerpt. Choose the one which has retained most of the original meaning found in the text.
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Q359338 Inglês
Regarding the text, judge if the items below are right (C) or wrong (E)

The word “from” in the excerpt “Making a bet on interest rates is no different from trying to predict the next big drop in stocks, or jumping into the market when it appears to be poised to surge higher.” (l.27-29) may be replaced by the word then with no interference in the grammar correction of the sentence.
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Q300327 Inglês
Imagem 001.jpg

Judge the items according to the text above.
The word “its” in the first paragraph refers to “complaints”.

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Q2914041 Inglês

THERE ARE 10 QUESTIONS OF MULTIPLE CHOICE IN YOUR TEST. EACH QUESTION HAS 4 ALTERNATIVES (A, B, C, AND D) FROM WHICH ONLY ONE IS CORRECT. CHECK THE CORRECT ONE.


A Framework for Understanding Cross-Cultural Misunderstandings

Successful communication between human beings, either within a culture or between cultures, requires that the message and meaning intended by the speaker is correctly received and interpreted by the listener. Sustainable error free communication is rare, and in most human interactions there is some degree of miscommunication.
The message sent from speaker to listener contains a wide array of features, such as words, grammar, syntax, idioms, tone of voice, emphasis, speed, emotion, and body language, and the interpretation requires the listener to attend to all of these features, while at the same time constructing an understanding of the speaker's intentions, emotions, politeness, seriousness, character, beliefs, priorities, motivations, and style of communicating. In addition, the listener must also evaluate whether the utterance is a question or a statement and how and to what extent a statement matters to the speaker (Maltz and Borker, 1982).
Each of the components of the communication provides one or more kind of information. Words convey abstract logic, tone of voice conveys attitudes, emotions and emphases, and body language communicates "requests versus commands, the stages of greeting, and turn-taking" (Schneller 1988, p. 154).
Even assuming that words and body language were perfectly understood, there is more information necessary to successfully communicate across cultures. For example, in some countries it is polite to refuse the first few offers of refreshment: "Many foreign guests have gone hungry because their U.S. host or hostess never presented a third offer" (Samovar and Porter 1988, p. 326). In understanding communication, a listener must pay attention not just to what is said and when, but also to how many times something is said, under what circumstances, and by whom. Given all this complexity, the reason human communication can often succeed is because people learn how to communicate and understand through interacting with one another throughout their lives. Therefore, it is no surprise that culture and socialization are critical determinants of communication and interpretation. "The entire inference process, from observation through categorization is a function of one's socialization" Detweiler (1975). Socialization influences how input will be received, and how perceptions will be organized conceptually and associated with memories.

The importance of culture to communication

Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but constitutes interpretation. The interpretation of communicative intent is not predictable on the basis of referential meaning alone. Matters of context, social presuppositions, knowledge of the world, and individual background all play an important role in interpretation (Gumperz, 1978b).
Even knowledgeable translators can have difficulty with cross-cultural translations. There may not be corresponding words or equivalent concepts in both cultures, jokes and implications may be overlooked, and literal translations can present a host of difficulties. Some language pairs are very difficult to translate, while others, usually in more similar languages, are much easier (Sechrest, Fay and Zaidi 1988).
While some of the incremental difficulties can be traced to the underlying linguistic commonalities between the languages, there may be a more elusive cultural and ecological basis for difficulty in translation. It would be interesting to test how much of the variance in communication could be accounted for by the ease with which the languages in question could be translated into one another.
Although it may facilitate cross-cultural translations, similarity of languages and cultures also increases the likelihood that communicators will erroneously assume similarity of meanings. This may make them more likely to misunderstand speech and behavior without being aware that they may have misinterpreted the speaker's message.
In general, cross-cultural miscommunication can be thought to derive from the mistaken belief that emics are etics, that words and deeds mean the same thing across cultures, and this miscalculation is perhaps more likely when cultures are similar in surface attributes but different in important underlying ways. In this case miscommunication may occur instead of non-communication.

(http://www.dattnerconsulting.com/cross.html )

The {-s} plural morpheme in the underlined word in “Some theorists have gone so far as to claim that culture not only influences interpretation, but constitutes interpretation” has the same pronunciation of the one in the underlined word in alternative

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Q297299 Inglês
Choose the best alternative, according to the following situation described:
Situation: I left my bicycle here and now it's gone.
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Q252460 Inglês
                                   Safety Meeting Presentation

  Today's meeting is really about you. I can stand in front of you and talk about working safely and what procedures to follow until I'm blue in the face. But until you understand the need for working safely, until you are willing to be responsible for your safety, it doesn't mean a whole lot.
   Some of you may be familiar with OSHA - the Occupational Safety & Health Administration. The sole purpose of this agency is to keep American workers safe. Complying with OSHA regulations isn't always easy, but if we work together, we can do it. Yet, complying with regulations is not the real reason for working safely. Our real motive is simple. We care about each and every one of you and will do what is necessary to prevent you from being injured.
   However, keeping our workplace safe takes input from everyone. Management, supervisor, and all of you have to come together on this issue, or we're in trouble. For example, upper management has to approve the purchase of safe equipment. Supervisors, including myself, have to ensure that each of you knows how to use that equipment safely. Then it's up to you to follow through the task and use the equipment as you were trained. If any one part of this chain fails, accidents are going to happen and people are going to get hurt.

Responsibility Number One - Recognize Hazards
   At the core of your safety responsibilities lies the task of recognizing safety and health hazards. In order to do that, you must first understand what constitutes a hazard. Extreme hazards are often obvious. Our hopes are that you won't find too many of those around here.
   There are, however, more subtle hazards that won't jump up and bite you. As a result of your safety training and meetings like these, some things may come to mind. For example, a machine may not be easy to lock out. Common practice may be to use a tag. This is a potential hazard and should be discussed. Maybe something can be changed to make it easier to use a lock. Other subtle hazards include such things as frayed electrical cords, a loose machine guard, a cluttered aisle, or maybe something that just doesn't look right.

Responsibility Number Two - Report Hazards
    A big part of recognizing hazards is using your instincts. Nobody knows your job as well as you do, so we're counting on you to let us know about possible problems. Beyond recognizing hazards, you have to correct them or report them to someone who can. This too, is a judgement call. For example, if something spills in your work area you can probably clean it up yourself. However, if there is an unlabeled chemical container and you have no idea what it is, you should report it to your supervisor.

Additional Employee Responsibilities
   Good housekeeping is a major part of keeping your work area safe. For example, you should take a few minutes each day to ensure that aisles, hallways, and stairways in your work area are not obstructed. If boxes, equipment, or anything else is left to pile up, you have a tripping hazard on your hands. Those obstructions could keep you from exiting the building quickly and safely should you face an emergency situation.
   Also watch out for spills. These can lead to slips and falls. Flammable materials are another thing to be aware of. Make sure they are disposed of properly.
   Keep Thinking. Even if you're doing your job safely and you are avoiding hazards, there are often even better ways to work safely. If you have ideas for improving the safety of your job or that of co-workers, share them.

   Concluding Remarks
  While nothing we do can completely eliminate the threat of an incident, we can work together to improve our odds. As I said, this must be a real team effort and I'm counting on input from all of you. Let's keep communicating and continue to improve safety.

  Available at: <http://www.ncsu.edu/ehs/www99/right/training/meeting/emplores.html>.Retrieved on: April 1st, 2012. Adapted.

The expression in boldface introduces the idea of consequence in the fragment:
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Q237433 Inglês
Regarding the text, judge if the items below are right (C) or wrong (E).

In “than the reading of whole volumes” (L.9-10), the omission of the definite article would not interfere with the grammar correction of the sentence.

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Respostas
981: A
982: A
983: E
984: A
985: C
986: E
987: A
988: C
989: A
990: C
991: D
992: E
993: B
994: C
995: E
996: E
997: D
998: E
999: C
1000: E