Questões de Concurso
Sobre aspectos linguísticos | linguistic aspects em inglês
Foram encontradas 1.012 questões
Q742055
Inglês
According to the text and your knowledge of English, choose
the correct alternative.
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730075
Inglês
Texto associado
Jeannie Dugger This is VERY TRUE! I grew up in
communities with persons of many races, nationalities and
cultures. In effect myself and other military are "color-blind".
Our parents teach us that our value as a human being is not
based on...See more
15 May 2013 at 14:05 · Like · 3
Source: adapted from:
https://www.facebook.com/sntrofficial/?fref=ts. Access: March 2
Considering the context of use of the
sentence “Say no to racism” in the text 07,
the imperative express a(n):
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730065
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT 05
What is English as a Lingua Franca
What students need most from their
language classes affects how we teach. But
to what extent do we consider students'
needs when it comes to pronunciation? How
often do we stop to consider the needs of
students who are learning English to mainly
communicate with other non-native
speakers? In this situation, English is used
as a Lingua Franca ( henceforth ELF) - a
common language between people who do
not share the same native language. So their
needs are quite different to students who go
to the UK, for example, and want to integrate
within that culture and so may want to sound
as much like a native speaker as possible.
The priority for students using ELF, on the
other hand, is to be as intelligible as possible
to the people they are communicating with.
This does not necessarily mean sounding
like a native speaker.
Source: adapted from
https://www.britishcouncil.org/voicesmagazine/how-teach-english-lingua-franca-elf.
Access: March 24th , 2016.
In the text 05, the word "needs" (line 05) has
the vowel sound /i:/, that can also be
identified in the words
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730062
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT 05
What is English as a Lingua Franca
What students need most from their
language classes affects how we teach. But
to what extent do we consider students'
needs when it comes to pronunciation? How
often do we stop to consider the needs of
students who are learning English to mainly
communicate with other non-native
speakers? In this situation, English is used
as a Lingua Franca ( henceforth ELF) - a
common language between people who do
not share the same native language. So their
needs are quite different to students who go
to the UK, for example, and want to integrate
within that culture and so may want to sound
as much like a native speaker as possible.
The priority for students using ELF, on the
other hand, is to be as intelligible as possible
to the people they are communicating with.
This does not necessarily mean sounding
like a native speaker.
Source: adapted from
https://www.britishcouncil.org/voicesmagazine/how-teach-english-lingua-franca-elf.
Access: March 24th , 2016.
Considering the words taken from the text
05, the underlined words with the
appropriate stress syllable are
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730049
Inglês
In the sentence “The actress dances as well
as she acts.” the passage “as well as”
expresses an idea of
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730046
Inglês
The word in bold type is NOT a part of the
modifier in the nominal group in the sentence
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730045
Inglês
The word in bold type is NOT the head or
primary element in the nominal group in the
sentence
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730041
Inglês
Identify the alternative in which there is
INACCURACY related to verb inflection.
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730038
Inglês
Texto associado
Text for the question.
“According to Bakhtin’s perspective of speech genres (1986), “Language is realized in the form of individual concrete utterances (oral and written) by participants in the various areas of human activity. These utterances reflect the specific conditions and goals of each such area not only through their content (thematic) and linguistic style, that is, the selection of the lexical, phraseological, and grammatical resources of the language, but above all through their compositional structure.” (Source: http://monoskop.org/images/7/7b/Bakhtin_Mi khail_Speech_Genres_and_Other_Late_Ess ays.pdf). As an example, we can mention the linguistic style and compositional structure used in WhatsApp chats: acronyms, emoticons and sounds of language replaced with units such as c for ‘see,’ sum1 for ‘someone’, etc. Some of these structures are shown in the excerpt below:
Taking into account the speech genre
described above and language used in it,
identify the alternative in which the element
on the left does NOT stand for the given
meaning.
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730033
Inglês
“The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
was established in 1886 in Paris. The aim of
the IPA is to promote the scientific study of
phonetics and the various practical
applications of that science. In furtherance of
this aim, the IPA provides the academic
community world-wide with a notational
standard for the phonetic representation of
all languages. The latest version of the IPA
Alphabet was published in 2005.” Source:
https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org
(Adapted). Access: March 21st, 2016.
The phonetic transcription below corresponds to
American English (based on the open Carnegie Mellon
University Pronouncing Dictionary).
[ɪn ˈɔrdər tu səkˈsid, wi mʌst fɜrst bɪˈliv ðæt wi kæn ]
According to IPA, the phonetic transcription above corresponds to
[ɪn ˈɔrdər tu səkˈsid, wi mʌst fɜrst bɪˈliv ðæt wi kæn ]
According to IPA, the phonetic transcription above corresponds to
Ano: 2016
Banca:
NUCEPE
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Teresina - PI
Prova:
NUCEPE - 2016 - Prefeitura de Teresina - PI - Professor - Língua Inglesa |
Q730032
Inglês
Identify the option in which one of the words
in the group is NOT a homophone with the
others.
Ano: 2016
Banca:
FUMARC
Órgão:
CEMIG-TELECOM
Prova:
FUMARC - 2016 - CEMIG-TELECOM - Analista de Vendas JR |
Q726549
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following text and choose the option which best completes the question,
according to the text:
Think your world view is fixed? Learn another language and you’ll think differently
Bilinguals get all the advantages. Better job prospects, cognitive improvement, and even protection against dementia. Now new research shows that they can also view the world in different ways depending on the language they are operating in.
In the past fifteen years there has been an overwhelming amount of research on the bilingual mind, with the majority of the evidence pointing to the tangible advantages of using more than one language. Going back and forth between languages appears to be a kind of brain training, pushing your brain to be flexible.
Just as regular exercise gives your body some biological benefits, mentally controlling two or more languages gives your brain cognitive benefits. This mental flexibility pays big dividends especially later in life: the typical signs of cognitive ageing occur later in bilinguals – and the onset of age-related degenerative disorders such as dementia or Alzheimer’s are delayed in bilinguals by up to five years.
People self-report that they feel like a different person when using their different languages and that expressing certain emotions carries different emotional resonance depending on the language they are using.
When judging risk, bilinguals also tend to make more rational, economic decisions in a second language. In contrast to one’s first language, it tends to lack the deep-seated, misleading affective biases that unduly influence how risks and benefits are perceived. So the language you speak in really can affect the way you think.
(From: https://goo.gl/GYgpfY. Access: 09/23/2016)
The word so in “So the language you speak in really can affect the way you think.” (paragraph 5) conveys the idea of
Ano: 2016
Banca:
UNISUL
Órgão:
Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SC
Prova:
UNISUL - 2016 - Prefeitura de Biguaçu - SC - Professor III - Inglês |
Q719155
Inglês
Texto associado
But the Americans also invented many new words to
describe landscapes, wildlife, vegetation, food and
lifestyles. Different pronunciations of existing words
emerged as new settlers arrived from various parts of
the UK and established settlements scattered along
the East Coast and further inland. After the USA
achieved independence from Great Britain in 1776
any sense of who ‘owned’ and set the ‘correct rules’
for the English Language became increasingly blurred.
Different forces operating in the UK and in the USA
influenced the emerging concept of a Standard
English. The differences are perhaps first officially
promoted in the spelling conventions proposed by
Noah Webster in The American Spelling Book (1786)
and subsequently adopted in his later work, An
American Dictionary of the English Language (1828).
Both of these publications were enormously
successful and established spellings such as center
and color and were therefore major steps towards
scholarly acceptance that British English and American
English were becoming distinct entities.
Influence of Empire
Meanwhile, elsewhere, the British Empire was
expanding dramatically, and during the 1700s British
English established footholds in parts of Africa, in
India, Australia and New Zealand. The colonisation
process in these countries varied. In Australia and
New Zealand, European settlers quickly outnumbered
the indigenous population and so English was
established as the dominant language. In India and
Africa, however, centuries of colonial rule saw English
imposed as an administrative language, spoken as a
mother tongue by colonial settlers from the UK, but in
most cases as a second language by the local
population.
English as a Global Language
For more than half a century, immigrants from the
Indian subcontinent and the West Indies have added
variety and diversity to the rich patchwork of accents
and dialects spoken in the UK. British colonisers
originally exported the language to all four corners of
the globe and migration in the 1950s brought altered
forms of English back to these shores. ___________(1)
that time, especially in urban areas, speakers of Asian
and Caribbean descent have blended their mother
tongue speech patterns with existing local dialects
producing wonderful new varieties of English,
___________(2) London Jamaican or Bradford Asian
English. Standard British English has also been
enriched by an explosion of new terms, such as balti
(a dish invented in the West Midlands and defined by
a word that would refer to a 'bucket' rather than food
to most South Asians outside the UK) and bhangra
(traditional Punjabi music mixed with reggae and hiphop).
The recordings on this site of speakers from minority
ethnic backgrounds include a range of speakers. You
can hear speakers whose speech is heavily influenced
by their racial background, alongside those whose
speech reveals nothing of their family background and
some who are ranged somewhere in between. There
are also a set of audio clips that shed light on some of
the more recognisable features of Asian English and
Caribbean English.
Slang
As with the Anglo-Saxon and Norman settlers of
centuries past, the languages spoken by today’s ethnic
communities have begun to have an impact on the
everyday spoken English of other communities. For
instance, many young people, regardless of their
ethnic background, now use the black slang terms,
nang (‘cool,’) and diss (‘insult’ — from ‘disrespecting’)
or words derived from Hindi and Urdu, such as
chuddies (‘underpants’) or desi (‘typically Asian’).
Many also use the all-purpose tag-question, innit — as
in statements such as you’re weird, innit. This feature
has been variously ascribed to the British Caribbean
community or the British Asian community, although
it is also part of a more native British tradition - in
dialects in the West Country and Wales, for instance
— which might explain why it appears to have spread
so rapidly among young speakers everywhere.
Original influences from overseas
The English Language can be traced back to the
mixture of Anglo-Saxon dialects that came to these
shores 1500 years ago. Since then it has been played
with, altered and transported around the world in
many different forms. The language we now recognise
as English first became the dominant language in
Great Britain during the Middle Ages, and in Ireland
during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. From
there it has been exported in the mouths of colonists
and settlers to all four corners of the globe.
‘International English’, ‘World English’ or ‘Global
English’ are terms used to describe a type of ‘General
English’ that has, over the course of the twentieth
century, become a worldwide means of
communication.
American English
The first permanent English-speaking colony was
established in North America in the early 1600s. The
Americans soon developed a form of English that
differed in a number of ways from the language
spoken back in The British Isles. In some cases older
forms were retained — the way most Americans
pronounce the sound after a vowel in words like
start, north, nurse and letter is probably very similar
to pronunciation in 17th century England. Similarly,
the distinction between past tense got and past
participle gotten still exists in American English but
has been lost in most dialects of the UK.
English around the world
Like American English, English in Australia, New
Zealand and South Africa has evolved such that they
are distinct from British English. However, cultural
and political ties have meant that until relatively
recently British English has acted as the benchmark
for representing ‘standardised’ English — spelling
tends to adhere to British English conventions, for
instance. Elsewhere in Africa and on the Indian
subcontinent, English is still used as an official
language in several countries, even though these
countries are independent of British rule. However,
English remains very much a second language for
most people, used in administration, education and
government and as a means of communicating
between speakers of diverse languages. As with most
of the Commonwealth, British English is the model on
which, for instance, Indian English or Nigerian English
is based. In the Caribbean and especially in Canada,
however, historical links with the UK compete with
geographical, cultural and economic ties with the USA,
so that some aspects of the local varieties of English
follow British norms and others reflect US usage.
An international language
English is also hugely important as an international
language and plays an important part even in
countries where the UK has historically had little
influence. It is learnt as the principal foreign language
in most schools in Western Europe. It is also an
essential part of the curriculum in far-flung places like
Japan and South Korea, and is increasingly seen as
desirable by millions of speakers in China. Prior to
WWII, most teaching of English as a foreign language
used British English as its model, and textbooks and
other educational resources were produced here in
the UK for use overseas. This reflected the UK's
cultural dominance and its perceived ‘ownership’ of
the English Language. Since 1945, however, the
increasing economic power of the USA and its
unrivalled influence in popular culture has meant that American English has become the reference point for
learners of English in places like Japan and even to a
certain extent in some European countries. British
English remains the model in most Commonwealth
countries where English is learnt as a second
language. However, as the history of English has
shown, this situation may not last indefinitely. The
increasing commercial and economic power of
countries like India, for instance, might mean that
Indian English will one day begin to have an impact
beyond its own borders.
https://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/sounds/case-studies/minority-ethnic/
The word however in the section: English around
the world expresses the idea of:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
Instituto Rio Branco
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2016 - Instituto Rio Branco - Diplomata - Prova 2 |
Q689372
Inglês
Decide whether the following statements, concerning the grammatical and semantic aspects of text III, are right (C) or wrong (E).
Most publications tend to propose explanations for the
situation of African and Asian countries in a generalised form.
Ano: 2016
Banca:
MSConcursos
Órgão:
Creci - 1° Região (RJ)
Prova:
MS CONCURSOS - 2016 - Creci - 1° Região (RJ) - Assistente de Comunicação |
Q674578
Inglês
Marque a alternativa incorreta em relação à explicação de cada expressão:
Ano: 2016
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Prova:
CESGRANRIO - 2016 - Transpetro - Auditor Junior |
Q646441
Inglês
In the fragment from the text “Globalization supported the
development of complex air and maritime transportation
networks, many of which supporting global supply chains
and trade relations across long distances”, (lines 68-71),
the word which refers to
Ano: 2016
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Prova:
CESGRANRIO - 2016 - Transpetro - Auditor Junior |
Q646438
Inglês
In the fragment “However, from the 1970s, technical,
political and economic changes challenged the centrality
of transportation in many geographical and regional
development investigations” (lines 39-42), the word
However introduces the idea of
Ano: 2016
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Prova:
CESGRANRIO - 2016 - Transpetro - Auditor Junior |
Q646436
Inglês
In the fragment “In the 1960s, transport had to be formalized
as key factors in location theories” (lines 35-36), the modal
verb had to implies an idea of
Ano: 2016
Banca:
CESGRANRIO
Órgão:
Transpetro
Prova:
CESGRANRIO - 2016 - Transpetro - Auditor Junior |
Q646434
Inglês
The expression as well as in the fragment “Geography
seeks to understand the spatial order of things as well as
their interactions” (lines 4-5) conveys an idea of
Ano: 2016
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
IBGE
Provas:
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Processos Administrativos e Disciplinares
|
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Análise de Sistemas - Desenvolvimento de Aplicações - Web Mobile |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Humanos - Administração de Pessoal |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Economia |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Engenharia Civil |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Geoprocessamento |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Auditoria |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Geografia |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Educação Corporativa |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Análise Biodiversidade |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Ciências Contábeis |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Planejamento e Gestão |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Estatística |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Design Instrucional |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Orçamento e Finanças |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Engenharia Agrônomica |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Análise de Projetos |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Materiais e Logística |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Bliblioteconomia |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Programação Visual - Webdesign |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Jornalista - Redes Sociais |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Análise de Sistemas - Suporte Operacional |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Recursos Humanos - Desenvolvimento de Pessoas |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Engenharia Cartográfica |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Analista - Análise de Sistemas - Desenvolvimentos de Sistemas |
FGV - 2016 - IBGE - Tecnologista - Engenharia Florestal |
Q628259
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
Will computers ever truly understand what we’re saying?
Date: January 11, 2016
Source University of California - Berkeley
Summary:
If you think computers are quickly approaching true human communication, think again. Computers like Siri often get confused because they judge meaning by looking at a word’s statistical regularity. This is unlike humans, for whom context is more important than the word or signal, according to a researcher who invented a communication game allowing only nonverbal cues, and used it to pinpoint regions of the brain where mutual understanding takes place.
From Apple’s Siri to Honda’s robot Asimo, machines seem to be getting better and better at communicating with humans. But some neuroscientists caution that today’s computers will never truly understand what we’re saying because they do not take into account the context of a conversation the way people do.
Specifically, say University of California, Berkeley, postdoctoral fellow Arjen Stolk and his Dutch colleagues, machines don’t develop a shared understanding of the people, place and situation - often including a long social history - that is key to human communication. Without such common ground, a computer cannot help but be confused.
“People tend to think of communication as an exchange of linguistic signs or gestures, forgetting that much of communication is about the social context, about who you are communicating with,” Stolk said.
The word “bank,” for example, would be interpreted one way if you’re holding a credit card but a different way if you’re holding a fishing pole. Without context, making a “V” with two fingers could mean victory, the number two, or “these are the two fingers I broke.”
“All these subtleties are quite crucial to understanding one another,” Stolk said, perhaps more so than the words and signals that computers and many neuroscientists focus on as the key to communication. “In fact, we can understand one another without language, without words and signs that already have a shared meaning.”
(Adapted from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/01/1 60111135231.htm)
The word “so” in “perhaps more so than the words and signals” is
used to refer to something already stated in Text I. In this
context, it refers to:
Conheça nossos planos