Questões Militares
Comentadas sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 469 questões
Q3325554
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the excerpts below and choose the correct answer in question.
Digitalization is gaining fast ground
The transition (I- _________ ) digitalization and automation is speeding (II- _________ ) in the maritime industry. Digital technologies and solutions are being used to increase competitiveness and enhance operational efficiency. They are also being implemented to spur the industry (III- _________ ) the decarbonization path to realize zero emissions (IV- __________ ) international shipping (V- __________ ) mid-century.
Data streams from sensors and other sources of information can be used for decision making and enhanced monitoring, control, quality assurance and verification.
To secure efficient, sustainable operations and strengthen short-and-long-term competitiveness, maritime stakeholders need to re-think their current strategies and adapt.
(Adapted from: https://www.dnv.com)
In “Digitalization is gaining fast ground”, means that it is
Q3325550
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and choose the correct option in question.
Artificial intelligence
By B.J. Copeland
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. The term is frequently applied to the project of developing systems endowed with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason, discover meaning, generalize, or learn from past experience. Since their development in the 1940s, digital computers have been programmed to carry out very complex tasks – such as discovering proofs for mathematical theorems or playing chess – with great proficiency. Despite continuing advances in computer processing speed and memory capacity, there are as yet no programs that can match full human flexibility over wider domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge. On the other hand, some programs have attained the performance levels of human experts and professionals in executing certain specific tasks, so that artificial intelligence in this limited sense is found in applications as diverse as medical diagnosis, computer search engines, voice or handwriting recognition, and chatbots.
All but the simplest human behavior is ascribed to intelligence, while even the most complicated insect behavior is usually not taken as an indication of intelligence. What is the difference? Consider the behavior of the digger wasp, Sphex ichneumoneus. When the female wasp returns to her burrow with food, she first deposits it on the threshold, checks for intruders inside her burrow, and only then, if the coast is clear, carries her food inside. The real nature of the wasp’s instinctual behavior is revealed if the food is moved a few inches away from the entrance to her burrow while she is inside: on emerging, she will repeat the whole procedure as often as the food is displaced. Intelligence conspicuously absent in the case of the wasp must include the ability to adapt to new circumstances.
Psychologists generally characterize human intelligence not by just one trait but by the combination of many diverse abilities. Research in AI has focused chiefly on the following components of intelligence: learning, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language.
(Adapted from: https://www.britannica.com/technology/artificial-intelligence)
What is the meaning of “as yet” in “[...] there are as yet no programs that can match full human flexibility over wider
domains or in tasks requiring much everyday knowledge”? Choose the correct option.
Q3303987
Inglês
Below are five pairs of words. Some pairs are synonyms,
and others are antonyms. Identify which pairs are
synonyms:
(1) Expand − Enlarge
(2) Timid − Bold
(3) Fear − Terror
(4) Accurate − Exact
(5) Deep − Shallow
Select the CORRECT alternative.
(1) Expand − Enlarge
(2) Timid − Bold
(3) Fear − Terror
(4) Accurate − Exact
(5) Deep − Shallow
Select the CORRECT alternative.
Ano: 2024
Banca:
INSTITUTO AOCP
Órgão:
PM-PE
Prova:
INSTITUTO AOCP - 2024 - PM-PE - 2º Tenente da Polícia Militar |
Q4181372
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the following article to answer question.
Essen: Germany's 'ugly duckling' city success (by Norman Miller)
Thanks to an innovative approach, the Germany city has catapulted from an industrial wasteland to one of
Europe’s greened cities.
Located in the heart of western Germany's long-time industrial Ruhr region, the city of Essen spent much of
the past 150 years marred by pollution, tainted by filthy mines and belching factories and lined by poisoned
waterways. In just one year in the 1960s, a study noted that some 1.5 million tons of toxic dust, ashes and soot
rained down on Essen's inhabitants, along with four million tons of sulphur dioxide. But a remarkable transformation
has seen Essen go from being Germany's ugly duckling to one of Europe's greenest cities.
"Green urban development has acted as a driving force in Essen over the last decade," explained Simone
Raskob, who helped oversee Essen's transformation through a mix of so-called Blue Green solutions: "Blue" for
water-focused initiatives, and "Green" for land-based projects. This two-pronged approach helped catapult Essen
to be declared the European Green Capital for 2017.
Essen's most high-profile project is the transformation of the Zollverein industrial complex – once the
world's largest coal and coke production facility – from toxin-spewing industrial blackspot to an inspiring eco-park
granted Unesco World Heritage status. Inside its giant former coal washing building, the impressive Ruhr Museum
enthrals visitors with displays on the site's history and transformation between towering old machinery. A short walk
away, the Red Dot Design Museum showcases examples of innovative global design in a former boiler house
building repurposed by renowned architect Norman Foster. Ever since mining at Zollverein and the surrounding
region ended in the late 1980s, woodland has spread across the vast site, and its trail-laced expanses are now
home to more than 800 animal and plant species.
Yet, Essen isn't resting on its green laurels and is continuing to add eco-friendly initiatives. A 100km cycling
'super-highway’ is slowly taking shape atop old industrial railways. A string of nature-walking trails have also been
created in and around the city to help boost local engagement with – and appreciation of – natural habitats. All the
trails are easily accessible by public transport.
Among the city's many transformations are the creation of lakes and ponds by harvesting rainwater. But
perhaps the toughest of Essen's solutions involved restoring the River Emscher, considered a biologically dead
"open sewer" since the end of the 19th Century, thanks to the dumping of mining and factory slurry and waste
water. After a two-decade clean-up programme, trout once again returned to the rejuvenated river in 2015. A recent
count found more than 1,000 fish and animal species living along the Emscher, including previously endangered
lapwings, kingfishers and beavers.
Though humans aren't yet encouraged to join the trout in the Emscher, an arena for swimming and boating
hums with activity at Lake Baldeney, a broad expanse of water created behind a 9m dam on the similarly cleanedup Ruhr river. When swimmers splashed here back in 2017, it was the first time bathing had been officially allowed
there for 46 years.
From German eyesore to proud green city, Essen's green-and-blue approach isn't just benefitting outdoor
enthusiasts and the environment but is also providing a shining example of how other cities can look to their
industrial past to embrace a cleaner future.
Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20231106-essen-germanys-ugly-duckling-city-success. Access on: 13 nov. 2023.
Select the alternative which brings, according to
the article, the most appropriate piece of advice to
a tourist who wants to visit River Emscher and
Lake Baldeney.
Q3487263
Inglês
Choose the correct alternative to complete the
conversation.
John: We’re having dinner in the Sergeants’ Mess Hall on Thursday. _____________?
Marcos: Yes, I’d love to.
John: We’re having dinner in the Sergeants’ Mess Hall on Thursday. _____________?
Marcos: Yes, I’d love to.
Q3487255
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text and answer question.
Overcoming shyness by controlling emotional state
Words can be amazingly powerful if you know how to use
them. Read any book about influencing people and you’ll see
what I mean. Some shy people don’t understand how their
behavior, and specially their language patterns, influence
others.
Any decision you make is largely influenced by the
emotional state you are in at the time. If you are in a positive,
happy state, you are much more likely to behave in positive,
rewarding ways. If you are in a “bad mood”, you tend to make
poor decisions and ignore the positive things around you. How
do emotional states work? If you concentrate, you can often put
yourself in whatever state you want (Think happy thoughts!).
Adapted. New English Point, Book 2. 1999. Editora Saraiva.
Choose the correct alternative to replace the underlined
words in the text, without changing the meaning.
Q3266713
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto, para responder à questão.
One pathway for converting explicit to implicit knowledge is suggested by skill acquisition theory, a branch of cognitive science studying how people develop skills. In this theory, knowledge is first seen to be declarative (conscious); then, through practice and the application of learning strategies, declarative knowledge becomes proceduralized so that it becomes automatic. Automatic processes are quick and do not require attention or conscious awareness. Many second/ foreign language learners memorize and practice vocabulary items or “chunks” of language such as greetings, idioms or collocations. Frequent practice in using these forms helps the language items to become automatic in the sense that the learner can use them quickly and unconsciously.
Pienemann (1989) proposes that second/ foreign language learners will not acquire a new structure until they are developmentallly ready to do so. If there were no connection between the development of explicit knowledge about a grammar point and the eventual restructuring of the unconscious linguistic system to accommodate the point in the learner’s interlanguage, then, indeed, grammar instruction would not be of much use. However, it has been suggested that there is a connection, so grammar instruction is ultimately useful. Further, practice of language points can lead to automatization, thus bypassing natural order teachability considerations.
(FOTOS, Sandra. Cognitive Approaches to Grammar Instruction.
In Marianne Celce-Murcia. 3rd ed. Teaching English as a second or foreign
language. 3rd edition. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2002.
Adaptado274)
The second half of the first paragraph, starting “Many second/foreign language learners memorize and practice vocabulary”,
Q3266701
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto, para responder à questão.
The disjunction between method as conceptualized by theorists and method as conducted by teachers is the direct consequence of the inherent limitations of the concept of method itself. First and foremost, methods are based on idealized concepts geared toward idealized contexts. Since language learning and teaching needs, wants, and situations are unpredictably numerous, no idealized method can visualize all the variables in advance in order to provide situation-specific suggestions that practicing teachers need to tackle the challenges they are confronted with every day of their professional lives.
Not anchored in any specific learning and teaching context, and caught up in the whirlwind of fashion, methods tend to wildly drift from one theoretical extreme to the other. At one time, grammatical drills were considered the right way to teach; at another, they were given up in favor of communicative tasks. At one time, explicit error correction was not only favored but considered necessary; at another, it was frowned upon. These extreme swings create conditions where certain aspects of learning and teaching get overly emphasized while certain others are utterly ignored, depending on which way the pendulum swings.
The limitations of the concept of method gradually led to statements such as “the term method is a label without substance” (Clarke, 1983, p. 109), and that it has “diminished rather than enhanced our understanding of language teaching” (Pennycook, 1989, p. 597). This realization has resulted in a widespread dissatisfaction with the concept of method.
(Kumaravadivelu, B. Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)
In the fragment from the second paragraph – These extreme swings create conditions where certain aspects of learning and teaching... –, the bolded word can be correctly replaced by:
Q3231808
Inglês
A rich vocabulary is crucial as it enables precise and nuanced expression, enhancing written and verbal communication. It also aids in better comprehending and interpreting texts, allowing for deeper analysis and understanding. According to the text, considering the word "cartridges" is correct to say it is
Q3043500
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
“All crimes are not created equal in the harm they cause: homicide is many times more harmful than shoplifting
but in crime statistics where offences are counted by number, they appear equivalent. For example, in the UK
for the year ending September 2019, there were 3,578,000 incidents of theft and 729 homicides (Office for
National Statistics, 2019). An increase of 500 thefts would be a small change in the overall number of thefts
and have little impact on police resources. 500 extra homicides would have large consequences both for the
harm caused and the impact on police resources. In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or
homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate.
This reality has led to the proposition of a “Harm Index” to measure how harmful different crimes are in
proportion to the others. This approach adds a larger weight to more harmful crimes (e.g. homicide, rape and
grievous bodily harm with intent), distinguishing them from less harmful types of crime (e.g. minor thefts,
criminal damage and common assault). Practically, adoption of a harm index can allow targeting of the highestharm places, the most harmful offenders, the most harmed victims, and can assist in identifying victimoffenders. Experimentally, use of a harm index can add an additional dimension to the usual measures of
success or failure, by considering harm prevented as well as reductions in prevalence or frequency. For the
police, creation of harm index could allow them to invest scarce resources in proportion to the harm of each
offence type.
Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud (2016) propose that any index needs to meet three requirements in order to
be considered a legitimate measure of harm: An index must meet a democratic standard, be reliable and also
be adopted at minimal cost to the end user. To meet these requirements, Sherman, Neyroud and Neyroud
(2016) opted for using sentence starting points rather than maximum or average actual sentences. The
sentencing starting point is used to calculate crime harm as it provides a baseline penalty relative to the crime.
We propose that it is a better measure of harm caused by the crime than average actual sentences, which are
offender-focused and thus substantially affected by previous offending history.
The Cambridge Crime Harm Consensus proposes creation of seven statistics for counting crime, usefully
including separation of historic crime reports, creation of a harm detection fraction and separation of public
reported crime and those detected by proactive police activity, with the aim of providing the public with a more
reliable and realistic assessment of trends, patterns and differences in public safety.
Counting crime by harm is an idea that has spread beyond the United Kingdom with indices published for
Denmark (Andersen and Mueller-Johnson, 2018), Sweden (Karrholm et al. 2020), Western Australia (House
and Neyroud, 2018), California (Mitchell, 2017), New Zealand and other countries.”
Cambridge Centre for Evidence-Based Policing. Available at: https://www.cambridge-ebp.co.uk/thechi Accessed on: June 30, 2024.
Choose the alternative that best matches the meaning of the word 'disparate' as used in the
sentence:
“In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate”.
“In a number-only count, the additional 500 thefts or homicides would result in the same overall number of crimes, yet clearly the impacts are disparate”.
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Exército
Órgão:
EsPCEx
Prova:
Exército - 2023 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3605848
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
Why NASA spacesuits are white
What do Neil Armstrong, Ed White, and today's ISS (International Space Station) astronauts have in
common? They all wore a white spacesuit. And they're not alone. Beyond NASA, space programs in countries
like Russia and China also use white suits. Not the colors of the Russian flag or China's iconic yellow and red,
just white. That basic color has saved countless astronaut lives. NASA didn't always have white spacesuits.
Their very first manned spaceflight featured silver suits, but none of those astronauts actually explored the
vacuum of space. And that's the key because out there, spacesuits have to be highly reflective. And the best
color for that isn't silver, it's white.
Here on Earth, our atmosphere shields us from 77% of the sun's radiation. But astronauts in space don't
have that natural shield, which makes them vulnerable to blistering temperatures, severe sunburn, and even
cancer-causing cell damage. So to combat that, they wear white suits that reflect the sun's harmful radiation.
But those white EVA (extra-vehicular activity) suits aren't the only garment in an astronaut's closet. When
heading into space or coming home, NASA astronauts wear a bright orange suit because that loud orange
stands out against the blue ocean and sky and is perfect for attracting attention, so if there's a malfunction during
landing and astronauts have to abandon ship, so to speak, they need to be easy to spot for rescue crews.
That being said, times are changing. Nowadays we have more sophisticated ways of locating astronauts
in need of rescue, like GPS trackers and transponders, so space agencies are now free to get creative with their
color choices. NASA and other programs are already starting to use other colors like deep blue and mustard
yellow. And in the future, they could look a lot different because NASA is heading to Mars. It will be the longest
crewed space mission to date, taking as long as three years from start to finish, and during that time, astronauts
could suffer from boredom or depression. That's where colorful spacesuits could be useful.
Adapted from https://www.businessinsider.com/why-are-nasa-spacesuits-white-2019-4
Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes countless in the sentence "That basic color has
saved countless astronaut lives." (paragraph 1)
Ano: 2023
Banca:
Exército
Órgão:
EsPCEx
Prova:
Exército - 2023 - EsPCEx - Cadete do Exército - 2º Dia |
Q3605844
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir e responda à questão.
Identical twins go on separate vegan and meat diets to see difference they make to body
In 2021, a set of identical twins took part in an experiment that involved one going vegan
while the other consumed meat to see which of these two diets is (1) ________. The diets are
complete polar opposites, but which one is being (2) ________ to your body?
Well, explorers Hugo and Ross Turner decided to put the plant-based and omnivore diets to
the test to see which was better - with Hugo ditching meat and dairy and Ross sticking to a diet
that included meat, dairy and fish. The twins took part in the Kings College London study over a
12-week period (3) ________ the same number of calories each day as well as carrying out the same
gym training.
Hugo admitted that the switch to a plant-based diet hadn't been easy, but he eventually
ended up feeling more energetic. "I was on the vegan diet and it really does take a hit on your
body. I was now having to eat fruit and nuts and alternatives that didn't have any dairy in them -
and so that meant I was eating a lot more wholesome food, which meant that my sugar levels were
a lot satiated during the day. I felt like I had more energy."
On the other hand, Ross' meat-eating journey was a little different. As he said, his gym
performance was 'up and down a little bit more'. He added that on some days of the challenge he
felt 'very energetic' and on others he would have 'huge lulls'.
By the end of the 12-week study, the men found that the differences between the two diets
weren't very significant, after all.
Adapted from https://www.ladbible.com/community/twins-vegan-meat-diet-233165-20230217
In the sentence "He added that on some days of the challenge he felt 'very energetic' and on others
he would have 'huge lulls'." (paragraph 4), the word lulls means Ross felt
Q2509782
Inglês
Choose the option that correctly corresponds to the blank spaces.
“Remember that where ________ courageous soldiers, _________ eternal glory.”
Q2280163
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão
On the surface, there is little to distinguish the Woolf Social Club from any other hipster
hangout in Seoul, South Korea. Customers perch on wooden stools at formica tables,
tapping on laptops while they sip their coffee. Records and cds line the walls, soft jazz
trickles from speakers. On the white wall above the bar, in big black letters, is the statement:
“More dignity, less bullshit”.
It is only on closer inspection that you realise this is more than just another coffee shop. On
the mugs are cartoon drawings of Virginia Woolf, an angry wolf roaring from her shirt. A
bookshelf contains South Korean feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include
“Lessons on Being Unmarried”) alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and
“The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. On the wall is a poster for an exhibition of
feminist art at a nearby gallery.
“I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” says Kim Jina, a 47-year-old
former advertising executive and politician who founded the café six years ago. Kim was
inspired by Woolf’s dictum that in order to write fiction, a woman needed “five hundred
[pounds] a year and a room with a lock on the door”. That is, financial independence and a
place to think. The café’s casual vibe is deliberate: she wanted to avoid creating barriers to
entry for women who were merely curious, rather than fully committed to the movement.
Besides, she adds, “If I limited myself to feminist customers, I could never make a living.”
South Korea, even its trendy capital, is a difficult place to be a woman. The wage gap
between the sexes is the highest in the rich world. Traditional expectations about gender
roles, beauty standards and the way women should conduct themselves remain pervasive.
“Misogyny surrounds you so naturally that you barely even notice it,” says Kim. “I had no
role models, so my idea of how a successful woman should be came straight from ‘Sex and
the City’.” For much of her 20s and 30s, she spent most of her money on make-up and
expensive handbags, partying every weekend and dreaming about meeting her version of
Mr Big, the rich, smooth-talking love interest of the show’s main character, Carrie.
“I never worried about misogyny because I thought being sexually attractive was a form of
power,” says Kim. “But eventually I realised that men with real power don’t wear make-up
and expensive dresses.” Her epiphany came when she was passed over for promotion in
favour of a male colleague. “My boss said, ‘He needs it more than you because he has a
wife and a child to take care of,’ and I realised that I had been wrong to think that all I needed
to do was work hard and be good at my job.”
Kim’s burgeoning feminism crystallised in the summer of 2016, after a woman was murdered
in a public toilet in an upmarket part of Seoul. The killer initially claimed that he had done it
because he had been ignored by women. “I lived right around the corner, and I thought: that
could have been me,” says Kim. Like many other women, she was upset by media coverage
that ignored the misogynist motives for his crime and blamed it entirely on his mental-health
problems.
The murder prompted South Korean women to come together, initially in online
communities, and discuss how to fight back against sexism. Then they took to the streets.
In 2018 there was a series of protests against the widespread practice of recording illegal
footage of women by hiding small cameras in public toilets or changing rooms.
Kim founded the Woolf Social Club in 2017. “I thought, we talk to each other on the internet,
but it would be good to have a physical space in which to do that,” she says. “If you walk
around Seoul, you see all these cafés aimed at couples, where women look pretty and lower
their voices. I wanted a space where they could raise them.”
[Fonte: Lena Schipper. “Virginia Woolf is inspiring South Korean feminists”. In: The
Economist, 09/05/2022,<http://www.economist.com/1843/2022/05/09/virginia-woolf-is-inspiring-south-korean-feminists>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 27/08/2023.]
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “I wanted a space for like-minded
women to meet and talk,” the underlined term expresses an idea of:
Q2280161
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão
On the surface, there is little to distinguish the Woolf Social Club from any other hipster
hangout in Seoul, South Korea. Customers perch on wooden stools at formica tables,
tapping on laptops while they sip their coffee. Records and cds line the walls, soft jazz
trickles from speakers. On the white wall above the bar, in big black letters, is the statement:
“More dignity, less bullshit”.
It is only on closer inspection that you realise this is more than just another coffee shop. On
the mugs are cartoon drawings of Virginia Woolf, an angry wolf roaring from her shirt. A
bookshelf contains South Korean feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include
“Lessons on Being Unmarried”) alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and
“The Handmaid’s Tale” by Margaret Atwood. On the wall is a poster for an exhibition of
feminist art at a nearby gallery.
“I wanted a space for like-minded women to meet and talk,” says Kim Jina, a 47-year-old
former advertising executive and politician who founded the café six years ago. Kim was
inspired by Woolf’s dictum that in order to write fiction, a woman needed “five hundred
[pounds] a year and a room with a lock on the door”. That is, financial independence and a
place to think. The café’s casual vibe is deliberate: she wanted to avoid creating barriers to
entry for women who were merely curious, rather than fully committed to the movement.
Besides, she adds, “If I limited myself to feminist customers, I could never make a living.”
South Korea, even its trendy capital, is a difficult place to be a woman. The wage gap
between the sexes is the highest in the rich world. Traditional expectations about gender
roles, beauty standards and the way women should conduct themselves remain pervasive.
“Misogyny surrounds you so naturally that you barely even notice it,” says Kim. “I had no
role models, so my idea of how a successful woman should be came straight from ‘Sex and
the City’.” For much of her 20s and 30s, she spent most of her money on make-up and
expensive handbags, partying every weekend and dreaming about meeting her version of
Mr Big, the rich, smooth-talking love interest of the show’s main character, Carrie.
“I never worried about misogyny because I thought being sexually attractive was a form of
power,” says Kim. “But eventually I realised that men with real power don’t wear make-up
and expensive dresses.” Her epiphany came when she was passed over for promotion in
favour of a male colleague. “My boss said, ‘He needs it more than you because he has a
wife and a child to take care of,’ and I realised that I had been wrong to think that all I needed
to do was work hard and be good at my job.”
Kim’s burgeoning feminism crystallised in the summer of 2016, after a woman was murdered
in a public toilet in an upmarket part of Seoul. The killer initially claimed that he had done it
because he had been ignored by women. “I lived right around the corner, and I thought: that
could have been me,” says Kim. Like many other women, she was upset by media coverage
that ignored the misogynist motives for his crime and blamed it entirely on his mental-health
problems.
The murder prompted South Korean women to come together, initially in online
communities, and discuss how to fight back against sexism. Then they took to the streets.
In 2018 there was a series of protests against the widespread practice of recording illegal
footage of women by hiding small cameras in public toilets or changing rooms.
Kim founded the Woolf Social Club in 2017. “I thought, we talk to each other on the internet,
but it would be good to have a physical space in which to do that,” she says. “If you walk
around Seoul, you see all these cafés aimed at couples, where women look pretty and lower
their voices. I wanted a space where they could raise them.”
[Fonte: Lena Schipper. “Virginia Woolf is inspiring South Korean feminists”. In: The
Economist, 09/05/2022,<http://www.economist.com/1843/2022/05/09/virginia-woolf-is-inspiring-south-korean-feminists>. Adaptado. Data de acesso: 27/08/2023.]
In the excerpt from the second paragraph “A bookshelf contains South Korean
feminist novels and works of self-help (titles include “Lessons on Being Unmarried”)
alongside “The Second Sex” by Simone de Beauvoir and “The Handmaid’s Tale” by
Margaret Atwood”, the underlined word expresses an idea of:
Q2280158
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto a seguir para responder a questão.
Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I
reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I
able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound
rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long
and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of
Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom
and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus
J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in
present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic
tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the
development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black
Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the
American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on
matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the
social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by
Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two
Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and
adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written
more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during
the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of
Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two
Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages
and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto
for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a
patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased
husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful
guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the
region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can
also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos
Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario
Vargas Llosa.
“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a
journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the
intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the
conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic,
cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the
World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a
rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023,<http://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html> . Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “While the novel captures the daily life of the
city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful guide to the cuisine of Salvador” o termo sublinhado
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Read Your Way Through Salvador
By Itamar Vieira Junior and translated by Johnny Lorenz. July 19, 2023.
I was born in Salvador, in the Brazilian state of Bahia, and lived in the general vicinity until I
reached the age of 15. But it was when I left that I really came to know my city. How was I
able to discover more about my birthplace while traveling far from home? It might sound
rather clichéd but, I assure you, literature made this possible: It took me on a journey, long
and profound, back home, enveloping me in words and imagination.
To understand the formation of our unique society and, consequently, the cityscape of
Salvador, one should read, before anything else, “The Story of Rufino: Slavery, Freedom
and Islam in the Black Atlantic,” by João José Reis, Flávio dos Santos Gomes and Marcus
J.M. de Carvalho. Rufino was an alufá, or Muslim spiritual leader, born in the Oyo empire in
present-day Nigeria and enslaved during his adolescence. “The Story of Rufino” is an epic
tale, encapsulating the life of one man in search of freedom as well as the history of the
development of Salvador itself, a place inextricably linked with the diaspora across the Black
Atlantic. Another book for which I have deep affection is “The City of Women,” by the
American anthropologist Ruth Landes. It offers an intriguing perspective, focusing on
matriarchal power in candomblé, an Afro-Brazilian sacred practice, and revealing how the
social organization of its spiritual communities reverberates across the city.
If you want to feel the intensity of life on the streets of Salvador, these two books, both by
Amado, are indispensable: “Captains of the Sands” and “Dona Flor and Her Two
Husbands.” The first is a coming-of-age story in which we follow a group of children and
adolescents living on the streets and on the beaches around the Bay of All Saints. Written
more than 80 years ago, the book was banned and even burned in the public square during
the dictatorship of Getúlio Vargas in the first half of the 20th century. As a portrait of
Salvador, it is still relevant and reveals our deep inequalities. “Dona Flor and her Two
Husbands” is one of Amado’s most popular novels, translated into more than 30 languages
and adapted many times for theater, cinema, and television. The book is a kind of manifesto
for a woman’s liberation. Dona Flor possesses great culinary talent, and oppressed by a
patriarchal society, finds herself divided between two men, one being her deceased
husband. While the novel captures the daily life of the city in the 1940s, it is also a wonderful
guide to the cuisine of Salvador, with its African and Portuguese influences.
I invite readers to travel into the interior of Bahia, many hours by car from Salvador to the
region known as the Sertão, whose name translates loosely to “backwoods.” Two books can
also transport you there, and they are sides of the same story: “Backlands: The Canudos
Campaign,” by Euclides da Cunha, and “The War of the End of the World,” by Mario
Vargas Llosa.
“Backlands” is one of the most important works in the history of Brazilian literature. It is a
journalistic telling that introduces us not only to the brutal War of Canudos, but also to the
intriguing landscape of the Sertão, a place so full of contradictions. In his writing of the
conflict, da Cunha tells the story of the genesis of the tough sertanejo: a mythic,
cowboyesque figure of the drought-stricken, lawless interior. “The War of the End of the
World” is an essential epic that amplifies the narrative of “Backlands,” bringing a more imaginative, creative aspect to the story of Antônio Conselheiro, the spiritual leader of a
rebellion, and of the multitude that followed him to their deaths.
[Fonte: “Read Your Way Through Salvador”. In: The New York Times, 19/07/2023,<http://www.nytimes.com/2023/07/19/books/salvador-bahia-brazil-books.html> . Adaptado. Data
de acesso: 01/09/2023.]
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “As a portrait of Salvador, it is still relevant and
reveals our deep inequalities”, o termo sublinhado contém um prefixo de negação. Assinale
a alternativa que apresenta o termo que NÃO contém prefixo de negação.
Ano: 2023
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“It’s a very nice book and very lively, but in the section on
‘Processes’ for example all the exercises are about unusual
things for our country. We are a hot country and also have
many Muslims. The exercises are about snow, ice, cold
mornings, and making wine. I can tell you I can’t do making
wine and smoking pot in my country!” (Experienced school
teacher from the Ivory Coast, Africa)
“Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which
is why I don’t think they worked very well …” (Brazilian teacher
of English in school)
“Sir … what is opera?” (Iraqi student in mixed nationality
class using materials designed to practise reading narrative)
The implications of these three quotations are not simply
linguistic; rather, they address the problem of appropriate
contextual realisation for materials. For the teacher in the
Ivory Coast, the materials offered would be outside the cultural
experience of his students (possibly even threatening) and
thus effectively useless; conversely, for the Brazilian teacher,
the choice of Brazilian settings and familiar mores would have clear advantages over distant foreign contexts as they are
essentially more motivating. The quote from the Iraqi student
suggests that complete unfamiliarity with the notion of opera
may reduce the efficacy of the reading exercises, but in this
case the student is curious and likely to regard the material as
exotic rather than merely alien.
(D. Jolly e R. Bolitho, A framework for materials writing.
In B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. Adaptado)
No quarto parágrafo, é um adjetivo a palavra
Ano: 2023
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“It’s a very nice book and very lively, but in the section on
‘Processes’ for example all the exercises are about unusual
things for our country. We are a hot country and also have
many Muslims. The exercises are about snow, ice, cold
mornings, and making wine. I can tell you I can’t do making
wine and smoking pot in my country!” (Experienced school
teacher from the Ivory Coast, Africa)
“Previous materials were not based on life in Brazil which
is why I don’t think they worked very well …” (Brazilian teacher
of English in school)
“Sir … what is opera?” (Iraqi student in mixed nationality
class using materials designed to practise reading narrative)
The implications of these three quotations are not simply
linguistic; rather, they address the problem of appropriate
contextual realisation for materials. For the teacher in the
Ivory Coast, the materials offered would be outside the cultural
experience of his students (possibly even threatening) and
thus effectively useless; conversely, for the Brazilian teacher,
the choice of Brazilian settings and familiar mores would have clear advantages over distant foreign contexts as they are
essentially more motivating. The quote from the Iraqi student
suggests that complete unfamiliarity with the notion of opera
may reduce the efficacy of the reading exercises, but in this
case the student is curious and likely to regard the material as
exotic rather than merely alien.
(D. Jolly e R. Bolitho, A framework for materials writing.
In B. Tomlinson, (ed). Material Development in Language Teaching.
Cambridge: CUP. 1998/2011. Adaptado)
Considering the whole context of the first quotation
(paragraph 1), the expression “I can´t do making wine”
means
Ano: 2023
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Since ChatGPT can engage in conversation and
generate essays and graphs that closely resemble those
created by humans, educators worry students may use it
to cheat. The main reason students cheat is their academic
motivation. Sometimes they are just motivated to get a high
grade, whereas other times they wish to learn all that they
can about a topic. The decision to cheat or not often relates
to how academic assignments and tests are constructed and
assessed, not on the availability of technological shortcuts.
Research demonstrates that students are more likely to
cheat when assignments are designed in ways that encourage
them to outperform their classmates. There is less cheating
when teachers assign academic tasks that prompt them to
work collaboratively and to focus on mastering content instead
of getting a good grade.
An important way to boost students’ confidence is to
provide them with opportunities to experience success. For
example, suppose students are asked to attempt to design
a hypothetical vehicle that can use gasoline more efficiently
than a traditional car. Students who struggle with the project
can use ChatGPT to break down the larger problem into
smaller challenges or tasks. ChatGPT might suggest they first
develop an overall concept for the vehicle before determining
the size and weight of the vehicle and deciding what type
of fuel will be used. Teachers could also ask students to
compare the steps suggested by ChatGPT with steps that are
recommended by other sources.
(Kui Xie e Eric M. Anderman. http://www.theconversation.com.
06.06.2023. Adaptado)
Read this short except.
There are three areas where our behaviour can directly influence our students’ continuing participation: goals and goal setting; learning environment; interesting classes.
(J. Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Longman, 2007. Adaptado)
The task proposed in the last paragraph of the text on ChatGPT illustrates the following motivational behavior on the part of teachers:
There are three areas where our behaviour can directly influence our students’ continuing participation: goals and goal setting; learning environment; interesting classes.
(J. Harmer, The practice of English language teaching. 4th ed. Essex: Pearson Longman, 2007. Adaptado)
The task proposed in the last paragraph of the text on ChatGPT illustrates the following motivational behavior on the part of teachers:
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