Questões de Vestibular
Sobre palavras conectivas | connective words em inglês
Foram encontradas 98 questões
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FCM/SANTA CASA
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - FCM/SANTA CASA - Vestibular - Medicina |
Q4149751
Inglês
Texto associado
Some of the world’s leading artificial intelligence (AI)
researchers are calling for a pause on research into AI,
claiming that safety issues must first be urgently addressed.
If not, the outcomes could be devastating for humanity.
Others say any pause in development would not only be
impractical to enforce on a global scale, but could also stand
in the way of advances that could both improve and save
lives.
The AI that is currently available already has the power
to radically alter society, in new ways that we are seeing
every day. So how might it progress over the coming years?
Are we on the brink of an artificial intelligence-powered
utopia or dystopia?
Firstly, technology has been automating jobs since the
Industrial Revolution, though never before has it happened
on this scale. Everyone from truck drivers to voice over artists
are at risk of being replaced by AI. A recent study found that
just over 30 jobs are considered safe from automation in the
near future. They range from mechanics to athletes, though
they represent just a sliver of the current labour market.
While new jobs will be created, there is a significant chance
that the majority of the population will be left jobless. This
could either lead to:
Utopia: A new leisure class emerges, living off a
universal basic income funded by taxes on robots and the
companies that operate them.
Dystopia: Mass unemployment results in social unrest,
similar to the way laid off factory workers trashed the
machines that replaced them. With so many jobs at risk and
the potential for huge wealth inequality, some fear it could
ultimately result in societal collapse.
Secondly, artificial intelligence is already contributing
to major scientific advances, dramatically accelerating
the time it takes to make discoveries. It has been used to
invent millions of materials that did not previously exist, find
potential drug molecules 1,000 times faster than previous
methods, and improve our understanding of the universe.
This could either lead to:
Utopia: Cancer and all other life-threatening diseases
are cured, leading to a new age of health and prosperity.
Scientists are already using AI tools to make breakthroughs
in longevity medicine, which aims to end or even reverse
ageing.
Dystopia: The same AI-enabled technology could
be used for malevolent purposes, creating entirely new
diseases and viruses. These could be used as bioweapons,
capable of devastating populations that don’t have access to
cures or the tech needed to develop them.
(Anthony Cuthbertson. www.independent.co.uk, 03.05.2023. Adaptado.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “though never before has it
happened on this scale”, o termo sublinhado expressa, no
contexto apresentado, ideia de
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4144318
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia a tirinha do cartunista Jim Davis para responder à questão.
(www.gocomics.com)
No trecho do terceiro quadrinho “But since you brought the
subject up”, o termo sublinhado foi empregado com o mesmo
sentido do termo sublinhado em:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4144314
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.
These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.
Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.
(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt form the third paragraph “It is also useful for
planners and governments, as they need to think of other
ways around the water scarcity problem”, the underlined word
can be replaced, without meaning change, by
Ano: 2023
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2023 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4144311
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Discoveries of aquifers — underground earth formations that hold water — often create excitement around their ability to ease water scarcity in a region. The United States recently announced the discovery of five aquifers in Niger, one of Africa’s most water scarce countries, containing over 600 billion cubic metres of water. To put it into perspective, Egypt’s current water demand is 114 billion cubic metres of water per year.
These are welcome announcements. Due to a changing climate and the increasing demands of a growing population, many of Africa’s surface water resources — such as dams and rivers — are facing serious risks. They’re being overused and slowly decreasing.
Alternative water sources, like aquifers, need to be explored. They are highly prevalent across the African continent, but they’re not always going to help address water scarcity. For instance, early research findings deemed Kenya’s Turkana aquifer water unfit for use due to high salinity. It’s important to bear these challenges in mind so that expectations can be managed. It is also useful for planners and governments, as they need to think of other ways around the water scarcity problem.
(Gaathier Mahed. https://theconversation.com, 21.03.2023. Adaptado.)
A frase do texto que expressa ideia de causa é:
Ano: 2023
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2023 - UNB - Prova de Conhecimentos I - 1° dia - Inglês |
Q3108557
Inglês
Texto associado
Israel and the Palestinian territories are among the most
climate vulnerable places on the planet. Whereas worldwide
temperatures have increased by an average of 1.1 °C (1.9 °F)
since pre-industrial times, in Israel and the surrounding areas,
average temperatures have risen by 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) between 1950
and 2017, with a forecasted increase of 4 °C (7.2 °F) by the end
of the century. Meanwhile, rising sea levels — projected by
Israel’s Environment Ministry to be as high as a meter by 2050,
according to a new investigative report by Haaretz newspaper —
threaten to obliterate Israel’s famed beaches, damage its
desalination plants and undermine the sewage and drainage
systems of many coastal cities. In the densely populated Gaza
strip, where 2.1 million Palestinians are crammed into 365 square
km (141 sq. mi.), sea level rise means a loss of precious real
estate as well as saltwater intrusion into an already overtaxed
aquifer.
In an arid region already threatened by desertification and
declining precipitation, one would think that the looming climate
catastrophe would catalyze a powerful climate movement.
Instead, the whole thing is largely an afterthought. In Israel and
the Palestinian territories the threat is both existential and more
acute. In this contested land, climate action is hamstrung by zerosum battles over territorial, political and historic rights, even as a
warming climate exacerbates those tensions.
Aryn Baker. The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is also
a looming climate disaster. Time, January 2023 (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The word “Whereas” (second sentence of the first paragraph) can be correctly replaced, without changing the meaning of the text, by While.
The word “Whereas” (second sentence of the first paragraph) can be correctly replaced, without changing the meaning of the text, by While.
Q4149990
Inglês
Texto associado
Aarav Chavda has been diving off the coast of Florida
for years. Each time he became increasingly depressed by
the ever-growing empty spaces, as colourful species of fish
and coral reefs continued to disappear. A significant reason
for that disappearance is the lionfish, an invasive species that
has boomed in Atlantic waters from Florida to the Caribbean
in recent decades, and in numerous other places from Brazil
and Mexico to the Mediterranean.
Lionfish have no natural predators outside their native
range — in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and the Red Sea —
and are all-consuming, devouring an estimated 79% of young
marine life within five weeks of entering a coral reef system.
“You can see the impacts on the reefs when you dive now
— it’s less vibrant, it’s less noisy,” Chavda said. “We know
there are solutions for some of the problems — such as coral-
-friendly sunscreens to help protect the reefs — but nobody’s
been able to do anything about the lionfish.”
So Chavda and a team of ecologically aware fellow
scuba enthusiasts decided to act by establishing a company
called Inversa, which turns lionfish into a new product: fish
leather. Chavda, 27, and his childhood friend from Texas,
Roland Salatino, set up the Florida-based company to make
the leather. They process the fish hides1
by tanning them
with drying agents and dye them before selling the leather to
partner companies to fashion into high-end products including
wallets, belts and handbags. Fish skin is thin but, because
the fibre structure runs crossways, it is stronger than many
other types of leather. Each hide, Chavda says, can save up
to 70,000 native reef fish.
The hides are also more sustainable than traditional
animal leathers, which generally require grazing on huge
amounts of pasture — degrading soils and producing high
carbon emissions. Inversa does not hunt the lionfish itself.
Instead, it relies on educating and encouraging largely poor
fishermen and women in often remote places to catch them.
“We’re really sort of empowering the consumer and fashion
by doing something for the planet — then we empower dive
communities in fishing cooperatives to do something for
themselves,” Chavda said.
(Richard Luscombe. www.theguardian.com, 12.06.2022. Adaptado.)
1
hide: an animal’s skin used to make leather
A expressão “such as”, no trecho do segundo parágrafo “such
as coral-friendly sunscreens”, foi utilizada para introduzir
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146218
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and
dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate
in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for
food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year
earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those
testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic
beverages rose by 4%.
Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain.
Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost
41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates
now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more
likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to
$400 a month.
As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and
being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while
others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating
site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was
impacting their love life.
“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right
not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a
25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited
because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50
to $100.”
Those still in the dating game have both love and money
on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile
said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for
a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in
half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a
date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.
“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in
the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need
to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result,
people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan
Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.
(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)
No contexto em que se encontra, o trecho que expressa ideia
de consequência é:
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146216
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and
dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate
in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for
food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year
earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those
testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic
beverages rose by 4%.
Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain.
Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost
41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates
now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more
likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to
$400 a month.
As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and
being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while
others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating
site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was
impacting their love life.
“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right
not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a
25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited
because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50
to $100.”
Those still in the dating game have both love and money
on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile
said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for
a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in
half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a
date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.
“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in
the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need
to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result,
people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan
Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.
(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “while others are
pausing their search”, the underlined word can be replaced,
without meaning change, by
Q4142176
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the question.
Advancing gender equity in medicine
[…]
The problem of gender inequity in medical leadership is not the result of too few candidates who are not men with the appropriate experience and training to fulfill leadership roles, nor can it be explained by merely suggesting that different genders do not have the same aspirations as men. Gender inequity is largely underpinned by socially constructed gender norms, roles and relations. For example, gender roles explain why female clinicians with children spend 100.2 minutes more per day on household activities and child care than their male counterparts. This makes it more challenging for female clinicians with children to get ahead. Gender norms explain why more men are given leadership opportunities and have stronger letters of reference than other genders. Furthermore, gender relations explain why men have fewer consequences for uncivil behaviour or for harassment in the workplace compared with other genders. A recent observational study of operating room culture evaluated the prevalence and predictors of exposure to disruptive behaviour in the operating room. Disruptive behaviour was described as a range of unacceptable workplace behaviours, including incivility, bullying and harassment. A further definition provided is “interpersonal behaviour (i.e., directed toward others or occurring in the presence of others) that results in a perceived threat to victims and/or witnesses and violates a reasonable person’s standard of respectful behaviour.” The study found that clinicians who are women report more exposure to disruptive behaviour and are substantially less confident or empowered to take action to address incivility in their hospital and university settings. Gender and sexual harassment may be associated with environments that exhibit gender inequity in pay, opportunity and promotion. Disruptive behaviour and overt harassment likely endure within our medical institutions because the offenders are often considered invaluable to the organization for their stature, leadership, productivity or reputation, and are largely not held unaccountable for their actions, which further amplifies gender inequities.
Ensuring gender equity in medicine is an issue of justice and rights. Having more physicians who are women and more women in health policy leadership also appears to enhance the provision of high-quality patient care. Large, well-conducted observational studies have shown that patients of female clinicians experience better quality of care for diabetes, and significantly lower rates of mortality, hospital readmissions and emergency department visits than those treated by male clinicians. One study considered that reasons for this may include that women spend more time with their patients, are more patient-centred in their approach and provide more evidence-based care. Two recent opinion pieces discuss research showing that female representation on corporate boards, such as hospital boards, results in more socially thoughtful decisions and less corruption. Without gender equity, we risk extinguishing creative solutions to complex health problems and, most importantly, limiting patient access to the best care.
From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034331/ CMAJ. 2021 Feb 16; 193(7): E244–E250.
“Nor” in “nor can it be explained” (1st paragraph) signals a(n)
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204434
Inglês
Texto associado
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.
Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger
(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for
those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial
gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)
A 25-year-old American with a university degree can
expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who
dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long
known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education
gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in
rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected
span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even
fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a
bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to
new research published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death
certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and
Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences
in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They
found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s
degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of
degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans
got shorter.
What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some
argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles:
each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a
smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn
more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms
Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets,
including the rise of automation and increased demand for
highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of
employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply
of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be
contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide
and other “deaths of despair”.
(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo “The better-educated
earn more, which in turn is associated with”, a expressão
sublinhada equivale, em português, a
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204430
Inglês
Texto associado
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.
Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger
(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for
those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial
gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)
A 25-year-old American with a university degree can
expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who
dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long
known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education
gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in
rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected
span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even
fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a
bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to
new research published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death
certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and
Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences
in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They
found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s
degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of
degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans
got shorter.
What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some
argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles:
each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a
smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn
more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms
Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets,
including the rise of automation and increased demand for
highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of
employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply
of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be
contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide
and other “deaths of despair”.
(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “And whereas the average
American’s expected span has been flat in recent years”, o
termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de
sentido, por
Ano: 2021
Banca:
CECIERJ
Órgão:
CEDERJ
Prova:
CECIERJ - 2021 - CEDERJ - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 2022.1 |
Q1859703
Inglês
TEXT 2
Available from: www.nature.com/naturemedicine. Access: 10 Oct. 2021. Adapted.
The linking word “although” (underlined in two sentences of the text) establishes a contrast
between ideas, and it may be replaced by “but”. The alternative which correctly expresses the
ideas which are contrasted in the two sentences is:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UPENET/IAUPE
Órgão:
UPE
Prova:
UPENET/IAUPE - 2021 - UPE - Vestibular - 2º Fase - 1º Dia |
Q1675845
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1
What is Distance Learning and Why Is It So Important?
1 Distance learning – any form of remote education where the student is not physically present for
the lesson – is booming thanks to the power of the Internet. In fact, there are a number of
advantages of learning remotely over even traditional teaching models. As the Internet blurs the
line between near and far, distance learning is set to disrupt the current paradigm of education.
2 Historically, distance learning described correspondence courses in which students would
communicate with their schools or teachers by mail. More recently, distance education has
moved online to include a huge range of systems and methods on practically any connected
device.
3 Distance education is clearly different from regular education in terms of a student or teacher‘s
physical presence. For the most part, it translates into increased freedom for both learners and
educators, but it also requires higher degrees of discipline and planning to successfully complete
the course of study.
4 The enhanced freedom of remote learning is most clearly seen in the fact that students can
choose courses that fit their schedules and resources. (Teachers can do the same.) And in the
case of digital learning, students can also choose the location and teaching styles that best suit
their needs.
5 Remote education is certainly not a magic bullet and there will always be a place for in-class
learning. At the same time, distance learning still has a lot of untapped potential to reach students
where they are and connect educators and learners in new ways. From increased flexibility to
new learning styles, it seems that the future of learning will be as diverse in time and place as it
will be in thought.
Disponível em: https://www.viewsonic.com/library/education/what-is-distance-learning-and-why-is-it-so-important/. Texto adaptado.
Acesso em: 20 set. 2020.
In the 2
nd paragraph: Historically, distance learning described correspondence courses in which
students would communicate with their schools or teachers by mail., in which is
Ano: 2020
Banca:
FGV
Órgão:
FGV
Prova:
FGV - 2020 - FGV - Graduação em Economia - Inglês e Física - 1° Dia |
Q1796822
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text to answer question.
The aliens among us
Humans think of themselves as the world’s apex predators. Hence the silence of sabre-tooth tigers,
the absence of moas from New Zealand and the long list of endangered megafauna. But sars-cov-2
shows how people can also end up as prey. Viruses have caused a litany of modern pandemics, from
Covid-19, to hiv/aids to the influenza outbreak in 1918-20, which killed many more people than the first
world war. Before that, the colonisation of the Americas by Europeans was abetted – and perhaps made
possible – by epidemics of smallpox, measles and influenza brought unwittingly by the invaders, which
annihilated many of the original inhabitants.
(www.economist.com, 22.08.2020. Adapted.)
In the second sentence in the text, the term “hence” can be replaced, with no change in meaning, by
Ano: 2019
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
SÃO CAMILO
Prova:
VUNESP - 2019 - SÃO CAMILO - Processo Seletivo - 1º Semestre de 2020- Medicina Prova II |
Q1797668
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
The fantastic appeal of fantasy
The fantasy genre starts where science ends
Few things can brighten up a dark morning in a Scottish
seaside resort during an Atlantic storm. Yet while sheltering in
a bookshop from the rain, I had a moment of sunny revelation.
Stacked almost as high as my 11-year-old self were copies of
The Lord of the Rings, with a cover illustration that promised
mystery and magic. That chance discovery started a lifelong
love of the fantasy genre1
, both as reader and writer.
The fantasy genre has had more and more success, but
today we’re in the middle of an unprecedented fantasy boom.
Sales continue to rise and it is now the biggest genre in
publishing. The more rational the world gets, with super-science
all around us, the more we demand the irrational in our fiction.
Fantasy is not simply a case of swords2
and sorcery3
.
Yes, there is that by the shelf. But the genre is as broad as the
imagination. The genre starts where science ends.
“In these modern times, where most of us sit at computers,
fantasy books offer a chance to break out of mundane
moments,” says Mark Newton, an editor with the genre.
“People like to explore themes that go beyond the limited
palette that literary fiction claims to offer.”
A search for the origins of fantasy will usually have
academics muttering about Beowulf or Homer’s The Iliad, but
they come from a time when all stories were fantasy: gods and
monsters and supernatural artefacts with humanity caught in
the middle. The first modern fantasy writer is usually considered
to be William Morris, in the late 19th Century. But it was the
early 20th Century where fantasy really started to gain status.
Fantasy fiction has always been about visionary ideas.
You can get artful words in plenty of literary fiction, but being
able to see beyond the boundaries4
of the world around us —
now that’s a special skill.
I don’t write fantasy fiction simply to provide a trapdoor5
from the real world. For me, the genre is about the reality. But
instead of coming up against it, fantasy maps the unconscious
aspirations of our modern society through allegory in story-
-forms as old as humanity. It’s about turning off the mobile
phone and the computer and remembering who we are in the
deepest parts of ourselves.
(Mark Chadbourn. www.telegraph.co.uk, 12.04.2008. Adaptado.)
1genre: gênero. Categoria distintiva de composição literária, como romance,
poesia etc.
2sword: espada.
3sorcery: feitiçaria.
4boundary: fronteira.
5trapdoor: alçapão
No trecho “Yet while sheltering in a bookshop from the rain”
(1°
parágrafo), o termo sublinhado indica ideia de
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Instituto Consulplan
Órgão:
FIMCA
Prova:
Instituto Consulplan - 2019 - FIMCA - Vestibular de Medicina - Edital nº 01/ 2020 |
Q1790468
Inglês
Texto associado
Science Education in the United States of America
(Audrey B. Champagne.)
Science education in the United States of America is in the
midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented
because the movement is driven by national standards
developed with support from the federal government. The
standards for science education are redefining the character of
science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate
education of scientists and science teachers. Unlike the
education in most countries of the world, education of
students in kindergarten through grade twelve in the United
States is not the responsibility of the federal government but
is controlled by the individual states. States have the right to regulate all elements of the curriculum-the content all
students are expected to learn, the structural organization
of programs across all grades, the structural organization of
the yearly curriculum in each subject, teaching methods, and
textbooks. Historically, and even now, the states jealously
guard all their rights and resist efforts by the federal
government to exercise control over matters that are the
responsibility of the states. The federal government's
involvement in education has been to identify matters of
national priority and to provide funds and other resources
to the states to meet the national priorities. So, for instance,
in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States
felt that its perceived preeminence in scientific research and
its national safety were threatened, science education was
identified as a national priority. The primary purpose of the
federal government's initiatives was to encourage and
upgrade the science education of young people who would
become practicing scientists. This effort was not perceived
by the states as an erosion of their rights because it was a
response to a threat to the nation and was targeted on the
science education of a relatively few students. The current
situation is quite different.
The federal government's underwriting of the
development of national standards for education has the
potential for shifting the control of the curriculum from the
states to the federal government. This initiative, supported
by the National Association of Governors, is the result of the
concern of political, business and industrial leaders with the
poor quality of education across the nation and with the
effect this poor quality has on the U.S. position in the world
economy. The goal of the standards movement from the
prospective of political, business, and industrial leaders is to
strengthen education so that the schools will produce
graduates with the knowledge and skills required of them to
be productive in the workplace.
The pedagogy and attitudes of many teachers and
professors alike has been that science is for the few. So little
concern or effort was applied to make science interesting or
to make learning it easy. Consequently, only highly
motivated and highly intelligent students survived science
courses. Thus it appears education in the natural sciences
develops individuals who reason well, are critical thinkers,
are creative problem solvers-in short, are intelligent. But, we
must ask, does education in the natural sciences produce
smarter people or do smart people survive science as it is
taught? While historically the answer to the question may
well have been survival, the national standards are based on
the beliefs that science is for all and can produce smarter
people.
(Available: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ608194.pdf. Adapted.)
Analyse the items usage in the text. Mark the one which is
a modifier.
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Instituto Consulplan
Órgão:
FIMCA
Prova:
Instituto Consulplan - 2019 - FIMCA - Vestibular de Medicina - Edital nº 01/ 2020 |
Q1790463
Inglês
Texto associado
Science Education in the United States of America
(Audrey B. Champagne.)
Science education in the United States of America is in the
midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented
because the movement is driven by national standards
developed with support from the federal government. The
standards for science education are redefining the character of
science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate
education of scientists and science teachers. Unlike the
education in most countries of the world, education of
students in kindergarten through grade twelve in the United
States is not the responsibility of the federal government but
is controlled by the individual states. States have the right to regulate all elements of the curriculum-the content all
students are expected to learn, the structural organization
of programs across all grades, the structural organization of
the yearly curriculum in each subject, teaching methods, and
textbooks. Historically, and even now, the states jealously
guard all their rights and resist efforts by the federal
government to exercise control over matters that are the
responsibility of the states. The federal government's
involvement in education has been to identify matters of
national priority and to provide funds and other resources
to the states to meet the national priorities. So, for instance,
in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States
felt that its perceived preeminence in scientific research and
its national safety were threatened, science education was
identified as a national priority. The primary purpose of the
federal government's initiatives was to encourage and
upgrade the science education of young people who would
become practicing scientists. This effort was not perceived
by the states as an erosion of their rights because it was a
response to a threat to the nation and was targeted on the
science education of a relatively few students. The current
situation is quite different.
The federal government's underwriting of the
development of national standards for education has the
potential for shifting the control of the curriculum from the
states to the federal government. This initiative, supported
by the National Association of Governors, is the result of the
concern of political, business and industrial leaders with the
poor quality of education across the nation and with the
effect this poor quality has on the U.S. position in the world
economy. The goal of the standards movement from the
prospective of political, business, and industrial leaders is to
strengthen education so that the schools will produce
graduates with the knowledge and skills required of them to
be productive in the workplace.
The pedagogy and attitudes of many teachers and
professors alike has been that science is for the few. So little
concern or effort was applied to make science interesting or
to make learning it easy. Consequently, only highly
motivated and highly intelligent students survived science
courses. Thus it appears education in the natural sciences
develops individuals who reason well, are critical thinkers,
are creative problem solvers-in short, are intelligent. But, we
must ask, does education in the natural sciences produce
smarter people or do smart people survive science as it is
taught? While historically the answer to the question may
well have been survival, the national standards are based on
the beliefs that science is for all and can produce smarter
people.
(Available: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ608194.pdf. Adapted.)
“Thus” (L52) introduces a/an:
Ano: 2019
Banca:
UFRGS
Órgão:
UFRGS
Prova:
UFRGS - 2019 - UFRGS - Vestibular - UFRGS - Física, Literatura e Inglês |
Q1785238
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.
Adapted from: SONTAG, Susan. Agaínst
lnterpretatlon and Other Essays. Penguin Modern
Classics, Straus and Giroux, 2009. p. 3-4.
Consider the staternents about the uses of the word that in the following segments retrieved frorn
the text.
I - ln must have been that it was incantatory(I. 01-02), it belongs to the sarne word class as in that of the Greek philosophers (I. 04). II - ln that of the Greek phi/osophers (I. 04), it belongs to the sarne word class as in proposed that art was mlmesls, lmitation of reality (I. 04-05). III- ln must have been that lt was incantatory (I. 01-02), it belongs to the sarne word class as in proposed that art was mlmesls, lmitation of reality (I. 04-05).
Which ones are correct?
I - ln must have been that it was incantatory(I. 01-02), it belongs to the sarne word class as in that of the Greek philosophers (I. 04). II - ln that of the Greek phi/osophers (I. 04), it belongs to the sarne word class as in proposed that art was mlmesls, lmitation of reality (I. 04-05). III- ln must have been that lt was incantatory (I. 01-02), it belongs to the sarne word class as in proposed that art was mlmesls, lmitation of reality (I. 04-05).
Which ones are correct?
Ano: 2019
Banca:
UFRGS
Órgão:
UFRGS
Prova:
UFRGS - 2019 - UFRGS - Vestibular - UFRGS - Física, Literatura e Inglês |
Q1785235
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está relacionada ao texto abaixo.
Adapted from: SONTAG, Susan. Agaínst
lnterpretatlon and Other Essays. Penguin Modern
Classics, Straus and Giroux, 2009. p. 3-4.
Select the alternative that contains the words
that fill in the gaps in lines 07, 11, 20 and 24,
respectively.
Ano: 2019
Banca:
UFRGS
Órgão:
UFRGS
Prova:
UFRGS - 2019 - UFRGS - Vestibular - UFRGS - Física, Literatura e Inglês |
Q1785229
Inglês
Texto associado
Instrução: A questão está
relacionada ao texto abaixo.
Adaptado de
< https:/ /www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarks
daily / 2019 / 06/ dressed-by-shahidha-bari-and
the-pocket-two-books-on-thesecret-life-of
clothes.html>.
Acesso em: 19 jul. 2019.
Assinale a alternativa que preenche
adequadamente a lacuna da linha 33.
Conheça nossos planos