Questões de Vestibular
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 5.175 questões
PROJECT DETAILS
* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide
* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society
* DATES: Ongoing
* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing
* COST: Free
* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages
* TIME COMMITMENT: variable
* HOW TO JOIN:
REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.
Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?
The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.
By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!
GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com
De acordo com o texto, considere as afirmativas a seguir.
I. A coleta de dados para a pesquisa está em progresso e a participação é isenta de restrições.
II. As fotografias tiradas pelos drones alimentam o banco de dados da pesquisa.
III. Os participantes do projeto auxiliam na catalogação dos resíduos plásticos fotografados, presentes no banco de dados.
IV. Por meio de um aplicativo nos telefones celulares, os participantes enviam fotos de rejeitos plásticos encontrados nas praias.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
PROJECT DETAILS
* PRINCIPAL SCIENTIST: Peter Kohler, founder and director of The Plastic Tide
* SCIENTIST AFFILIATION: The Scientific Exploration Society and the Royal Geographical Society
* DATES: Ongoing
* PROJECT TYPE: Data Processing
* COST: Free
* GRADE LEVEL: All Ages
* TIME COMMITMENT: variable
* HOW TO JOIN:
REGISTER AT THE ZOONIVERSE WEB SITE. THEN USE YOUR COMPUTER OR MOBILE DEVICE TO ANALYZE IMAGES IN THE PLASTIC TIDE’S DATABASE FOR PLASTICS AND LITTER. TAG EACH PIECE OF PLASTIC YOU SPOT BY DRAWING A RECTANGLE AROUND IT ON YOUR SCREEN AND IDENTIFY IT AS FRAGMENTS, FISHING LINE, DRINK BOTTLES OR SOME OTHER TYPE OF PLASTIC WASTE.
Estimates are currently at trillions of pieces and counting, with over 60 percent of the oceans being heavily contaminated with plastics. With each piece of plastic taking over 400 years to degrade, our oceans, all marine life, and even our own health and livelihoods are in real danger of drowning. Despite this and the 8 million tons of plastics entering our ocean each year, researchers can account for only one percent of that ends up: our ocean surface. Where is the missing 99 percent?
The answer can be found on the seafloor, in marine life, and on our coastlines. The Zooniverse Plastic Tide citizen science project harnesses drone imagery from a series of beaches and the power of computer programs, or machine learning algorithms for the more technically minded, to eventually create a program that can autodetect, measure and monitor the levels of plastics and marine litter washing up on our beaches. Eventually helping us to track where plastics and litter go in our oceans, revealing where the missing 99 percent is in our ocean goes.
By tagging plastics and litter in the images we take with our drone, citizen scientists directly teach our computer program to autodetect, measure and monitor plastics to help researchers answer how much of the missing 99 percent ends up on our beaches. The more you tag, the better the computer program gets at identifying plastics!
GREENEMEIER, L. The Plastic Tide. In: Scientific American (online) Citizen Science. 28 abr. 2018. Disponível em www.scientificamerican.com
Mafalda, personagem famosa por seu pensamento crítico, discute um tema de grande importância para o mundo.
Aponte a alternativa que melhor explica o contido na tirinha lida.
Texto 4:
Venezuelan official suggests migrant crisis is staged to undermine government
Diosdado Cabello implied that photos and news of refugees fleeing through South America on foot are fake as the UN warns the situation is nearing a ‘crisis moment’
Tom Phillips Latin America correspondent
Venezuela’s number two official has suggested his country’s escalating migration crisis – described by the United Nations as one of the worst in Latin American history – is being staged as part of a rightwing ruse to undermine his government.
Speaking at a congress of the ruling United Social party this week, Diosdado Cabello implied that images of Venezuelans fleeing through South America on foot had been manufactured. “It’s as if it was: ‘Lights, camera, action!’ It is a campaign against our country – a campaign of extraordinary dimensions,” Cabello added.
The UN estimates 2.3 million Venezuelans have fled since
2015 with Colombia expecting 2 million more to follow by
2020. That would mean 4.3 million people – 14% of
Venezuela’s population – had left. Last week, the UN’s
migration agency warned the mass migration is nearing a
“crisis moment” comparable to events involving refugees in
the Mediterranean. Many of those now heading into
neighbouring countries such as Brazil and Colombia are so
impoverished they do so on foot.
The UN estimates 2.3 million Venezuelans have fled since 2015 with Colombia expecting 2 million more to follow by 2020. Photograph: Evelin Rosas/EPA
On Tuesday, Venezuelan state media trumpeted the “repatriation” of 89 migrants who had reportedly been flown home from Peru free of charge after suffering exploitation abroad.
Disponível em https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/28/venezuela-diosdado-cabello-refugee-footage-fake. Acessado em 22/10/2018
O jornal The Guardian retrata um problema social vivido, sobretudo, em 2018, pelos venezuelanos. Com base no texto
lido, aponte a alternativa que retrata mais adequadamente a posição do governo da Venezuela sobre o assunto:
Texto 3:
Born Too Soon in a Country at War. Their Only Hope? This Clinic. By Kassie Bracken and Megan Special August 27, 2018
The baby girl has stopped breathing. She was born prematurely and is only 3 weeks old. Her mother, Restina Boniface, took her to the only public neonatal clinic in South Sudan. The country is one of the toughest places in the world for newborns with health problems to survive. Ten feet away sits a donated respiratory machine that could save the baby. But lacking a critical part, it goes unused. The doctor tries to resuscitate the baby for several minutes. Finally, she begins breathing on her own. One in 10 babies brought to this clinic will die, most from treatable conditions. But many mothers have nowhere else to go.
South Sudan, the world’s youngest nation, is in the midst of a humanitarian crisis. A brutal civil war has drained the economy. As hospitals closed, doctors were forced to flee. Inside the clinic, many babies remain nameless. Their mothers know they may not make it. “Our mothers here, they come for help,” said Rose Tongan, a pediatrician. “And you pity them. You can’t do anything.” Electricity cuts out for days at a time. There is no formula for the premature babies, no lab for blood tests, no facility for X-rays. There are no beds for breast-feeding mothers. They must sleep outside, where they are at risk of infection and vulnerable to assault. “I feel like: What can I do?” Dr. Tongan said.
Hellen Sitima’s 3-day-old daughter is sick. “When we get home, then that’s the time to name the baby,” she says. Dr. Tongan has no access to lab tests, but she determines that Ms. Sitima’s baby has a respiratory infection. The infection clears, and Ms. Sitima takes her daughter home. She names her Gift.
Disponível em https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/08/28/multimedia/ south-sudan-babies.html. Acessado em 22/10/2018
O texto relata a situação crítica em que se encontram hospitais no Sudão do Sul e de alguns pacientes que deles precisam para sobreviver. Assim sendo, assinale a alternativa que corresponde ao lido:
Texto 2:
Are LED lights making us ill?
By Lucy Jones
Over the last decade, much of Europe and the US have changed the way they illuminate city and town streets. They have replaced high-energy sodium bulbs (the warmer, yellow ones) with energy-saving LED bulbs (with a blue light emitting diode, which can feel harsh in comparison). As well as street lights, most of us are exposed to blue light through smartphones, computers, TVs, and in the home.
The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry published a paper that warned of the potential effects of LED lighting on mental illness. It raised concerns about the influence of blue light on sleep, other circadian-mediated symptoms, use of digital healthcare apps and devices, and the higher sensitivity of teenagers to blue light. Specifically, the researchers are concerned about the relationship between light exposure and the occurrence of manic and mixed symptoms in bipolar disorder, having adverse effects on manic states and the sleep-wake cycle. For example, the use of smartphones or computers by those people before bed could have a bad effect on their sleep, circadian rhythms and health.
Studies of the impact of blue light on healthy adults show it inhibits melatonin secretion which disrupts sleep and can affect quality of life, physical and mental health and susceptibility to illness.
Previous studies of sleep disorders in children and adolescents show a clear and consistent relationship between sleep disorders and frequency of digital device usage.
Currently, the National Sleep Foundation guidelines suggest not using technology 30 minutes before bed and removing technology for the bedroom. However, there are currently no specific guidelines for people with an underlying mental illness or sensitivity to circadian disruption.
As LED technology has rapidly spread across the globe, the focus has been on the visual element and the energysaving element. Now, scientists, health professionals and the LED industry are working to minimise the blue light in LEDs and create customisable lights that won’t harm those suffering from psychiatric disorders.
Disponível em https://www.bbcearth.com/blog/?article=are-led-lights-making-us-ill Acessado em 22/10/2018
A rápida substituição de lâmpadas comuns por lâmpadas de LED em todos os setores e locais tiveram duas razões
principais: a visual e a economia de energia. Porém, importantes estudos estão investigando se há consequências
deste uso para a saúde. Assim, de acordo com o texto, é possível dizer que:
Analise as assertivas a seguir e marque a alternativa CORRETA.
I - A poluição do ar, da água e do solo ocorre separadamente. Por isso, os ecossistemas não são inteiramente impactados.
II - A maioria das fontes de poluição resulta da atividade humana.
III - Reduzir a poluição em uma área de um ecossistema também pode ajudar a proteger outra parte do ecossistema.
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o texto para responder às questões
Prescriptions for fighting epidemics
Epidemics have plagued humanity since the dawn of
settled life. Yet, success in conquering them remains patchy.
Experts predict that a global one that could kill more than 300
million people would come round in the next 20 to 40 years.
What pathogen would cause it is anybody’s guess. Chances
are that it will be a virus that lurks in birds or mammals, or
one that that has not yet hatched. The scariest are both highly
lethal and spread easily among humans. Thankfully, bugs that
excel at the first tend to be weak at the other. But mutations
– ordinary business for germs – can change that in a blink.
Moreover, when humans get too close to beasts, either
wild or packed in farms, an animal disease can become a
human one.
A front-runner for global pandemics is the seasonal
influenza virus, which mutates so much that a vaccine must
be custom-made every year. The Spanish flu pandemic of
1918, which killed 50 million to 100 million people, was a
potent version of the “swine flu” that emerged in 2009. The
H5N1 “avian flu” strain, deadly in 60% of cases, came about
in the 1990s when a virus that sickened birds made the jump
to a human. Ebola, HIV and Zika took a similar route.
(www.economist.com, 08.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Based on the information presented by the map, one can say that, from 1731 to 1775,
Leia o trecho do artigo de Jason Farago, publicado pelo jornal The New York Times, para responder às questões
She led Latin American Art in a bold new direction
In 1928, Tarsila do Amaral painted Abaporu, a landmark work of Brazilian Modernism, in which a nude figure, half-human and half-animal, looks down at his massive, swollen foot, several times the size of his head. Abaporu inspired Tarsila’s husband at the time, the poet Oswald de Andrade, to write his celebrated “Cannibal Manifesto,” which flayed Brazil’s belletrist writers and called for an embrace of local influences – in fact, for a devouring of them. The European stereotype of native Brazilians as cannibals would be reformatted as a cultural virtue. More than a social and literary reform movement, cannibalism would form the basis for a new Brazilian nationalism, in which, as de Andrade wrote, “we made Christ to be born in Bahia.”
The unconventional nudes of A Negra, a painting produced in 1923, and Abaporu unite in Tarsila’s final great painting, Antropofagia, a marriage of two figures that is also a marriage of Old World and New. The couple sit entangled, her breast drooping over his knee, their giant feet crossed one over the other, while, behind them, a banana leaf grows as large as a cactus. The sun, high above the primordial couple, is a wedge of lemon.
(Jason Farago. www.nytimes.com, 15.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Leia o trecho do artigo de Jason Farago, publicado pelo jornal The New York Times, para responder às questões
She led Latin American Art in a bold new direction
In 1928, Tarsila do Amaral painted Abaporu, a landmark work of Brazilian Modernism, in which a nude figure, half-human and half-animal, looks down at his massive, swollen foot, several times the size of his head. Abaporu inspired Tarsila’s husband at the time, the poet Oswald de Andrade, to write his celebrated “Cannibal Manifesto,” which flayed Brazil’s belletrist writers and called for an embrace of local influences – in fact, for a devouring of them. The European stereotype of native Brazilians as cannibals would be reformatted as a cultural virtue. More than a social and literary reform movement, cannibalism would form the basis for a new Brazilian nationalism, in which, as de Andrade wrote, “we made Christ to be born in Bahia.”
The unconventional nudes of A Negra, a painting produced in 1923, and Abaporu unite in Tarsila’s final great painting, Antropofagia, a marriage of two figures that is also a marriage of Old World and New. The couple sit entangled, her breast drooping over his knee, their giant feet crossed one over the other, while, behind them, a banana leaf grows as large as a cactus. The sun, high above the primordial couple, is a wedge of lemon.
(Jason Farago. www.nytimes.com, 15.02.2018. Adaptado.)
Entre 11 de fevereiro e 03 de junho de 2018, o Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova Iorque (MoMA) abrigou a primeira exposição nos Estados Unidos dedicada à pintora brasileira Tarsila do Amaral. Leia a apresentação de uma das pinturas expostas para responder às questões
The painting Sleep (1928) is a dreamlike representation
of tropical landscape, with this major motif of her repetitive
figure that disappears in the background.
This painting is an example of Tarsila’s venture into surrealism. Elements such as repetition, random association, and dreamlike figures are typical of surrealism that we can see as main elements of this composition. She was never a truly surrealist painter, but she was totally aware of surrealism’s legacy.
(www.moma.org. Adaptado.)
Entre 11 de fevereiro e 03 de junho de 2018, o Museu de Arte Moderna de Nova Iorque (MoMA) abrigou a primeira exposição nos Estados Unidos dedicada à pintora brasileira Tarsila do Amaral. Leia a apresentação de uma das pinturas expostas para responder às questões
The painting Sleep (1928) is a dreamlike representation
of tropical landscape, with this major motif of her repetitive
figure that disappears in the background.
This painting is an example of Tarsila’s venture into surrealism. Elements such as repetition, random association, and dreamlike figures are typical of surrealism that we can see as main elements of this composition. She was never a truly surrealist painter, but she was totally aware of surrealism’s legacy.
(www.moma.org. Adaptado.)
Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope
by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu
Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:
“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.
According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.
“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”
There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.
Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.
If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.
This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights.
Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/>
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