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Q1083136 Inglês
Texto I

GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION

    As a result of the communicative revolution in language teaching, it has become increasingly clear that grammar is a tool or resource to be used in the comprehension and creation of oral and written discourse rather than something to be learned as an end in itself. When learned as a decontextualized sentence-level system, grammar is not very useful to learners as they listen, read, speak, and write in their second or foreign language. Indeed, as Canale and Swain (1980) have posited, communicative competence consists of four components, only one of which – Item 3 below – involves grammar:

1. Sociolinguistic competence (i.e., appropriacy): The speaker/ writer knows how to express the message in terms of the person being addressed and the overall circumstances and purpose of the communication.

2. Discourse competence: The selection, sequence, and arrangement of words and structures are clear and effective means of expressing the speaker/writer's intended message.

3. Linguistic competence (i.e., accuracy): The forms, inflections, and sequences used to express the message are grammatically correct.

4. Strategic competence: The speaker/writer has effective and unobtrusive strategies to compensate for any weaknesses s/he has in the above three areas.

    Certainly, in many person-to-person communications, sociolinguistic appropriacy and discourse competence are more important than grammatical accuracy, provided that the grammar used is not inaccurate to the point of miscommunicating the intended message; communication is the overriding concern. However, there are situations where a reasonable degree of accuracy is also critical, and this is our current focus.

    In order for ESL/EFL teachers to consistently present grammar as serving some higher-order objective, Celce-Murcia and Hilles (1988) suggest that grammar should never be taught as an end in itself but always with reference to meaning, social factors, or discourse – or a combination of these factors. Larsen-Freeman's (1991) position is similar: She sees form, meaning, and function as three interacting dimensions of language; the classroom teacher must decide in which dimension the students  are experiencing the greatest learning challenge at any given moment and respond with appropriate instruction.

(Adapted from: CELCE-MURCIA, M. Grammar Pedagogy in Second and Foreign Language Teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 459, 1991.)
No enunciado "The speaker/writer has effective and unobtrusive strategies to compensate for any weaknesses s/he has in the above three areas", o termo em destaque pode ser compreendido como:
Alternativas
Q1083135 Inglês
Texto I

GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION

    As a result of the communicative revolution in language teaching, it has become increasingly clear that grammar is a tool or resource to be used in the comprehension and creation of oral and written discourse rather than something to be learned as an end in itself. When learned as a decontextualized sentence-level system, grammar is not very useful to learners as they listen, read, speak, and write in their second or foreign language. Indeed, as Canale and Swain (1980) have posited, communicative competence consists of four components, only one of which – Item 3 below – involves grammar:

1. Sociolinguistic competence (i.e., appropriacy): The speaker/ writer knows how to express the message in terms of the person being addressed and the overall circumstances and purpose of the communication.

2. Discourse competence: The selection, sequence, and arrangement of words and structures are clear and effective means of expressing the speaker/writer's intended message.

3. Linguistic competence (i.e., accuracy): The forms, inflections, and sequences used to express the message are grammatically correct.

4. Strategic competence: The speaker/writer has effective and unobtrusive strategies to compensate for any weaknesses s/he has in the above three areas.

    Certainly, in many person-to-person communications, sociolinguistic appropriacy and discourse competence are more important than grammatical accuracy, provided that the grammar used is not inaccurate to the point of miscommunicating the intended message; communication is the overriding concern. However, there are situations where a reasonable degree of accuracy is also critical, and this is our current focus.

    In order for ESL/EFL teachers to consistently present grammar as serving some higher-order objective, Celce-Murcia and Hilles (1988) suggest that grammar should never be taught as an end in itself but always with reference to meaning, social factors, or discourse – or a combination of these factors. Larsen-Freeman's (1991) position is similar: She sees form, meaning, and function as three interacting dimensions of language; the classroom teacher must decide in which dimension the students  are experiencing the greatest learning challenge at any given moment and respond with appropriate instruction.

(Adapted from: CELCE-MURCIA, M. Grammar Pedagogy in Second and Foreign Language Teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 459, 1991.)
Das sentenças a seguir, a que melhor resume o papel da gramática no ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua, de acordo com o Texto I, é:
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Q1083134 Inglês
Texto I

GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION

    As a result of the communicative revolution in language teaching, it has become increasingly clear that grammar is a tool or resource to be used in the comprehension and creation of oral and written discourse rather than something to be learned as an end in itself. When learned as a decontextualized sentence-level system, grammar is not very useful to learners as they listen, read, speak, and write in their second or foreign language. Indeed, as Canale and Swain (1980) have posited, communicative competence consists of four components, only one of which – Item 3 below – involves grammar:

1. Sociolinguistic competence (i.e., appropriacy): The speaker/ writer knows how to express the message in terms of the person being addressed and the overall circumstances and purpose of the communication.

2. Discourse competence: The selection, sequence, and arrangement of words and structures are clear and effective means of expressing the speaker/writer's intended message.

3. Linguistic competence (i.e., accuracy): The forms, inflections, and sequences used to express the message are grammatically correct.

4. Strategic competence: The speaker/writer has effective and unobtrusive strategies to compensate for any weaknesses s/he has in the above three areas.

    Certainly, in many person-to-person communications, sociolinguistic appropriacy and discourse competence are more important than grammatical accuracy, provided that the grammar used is not inaccurate to the point of miscommunicating the intended message; communication is the overriding concern. However, there are situations where a reasonable degree of accuracy is also critical, and this is our current focus.

    In order for ESL/EFL teachers to consistently present grammar as serving some higher-order objective, Celce-Murcia and Hilles (1988) suggest that grammar should never be taught as an end in itself but always with reference to meaning, social factors, or discourse – or a combination of these factors. Larsen-Freeman's (1991) position is similar: She sees form, meaning, and function as three interacting dimensions of language; the classroom teacher must decide in which dimension the students  are experiencing the greatest learning challenge at any given moment and respond with appropriate instruction.

(Adapted from: CELCE-MURCIA, M. Grammar Pedagogy in Second and Foreign Language Teaching. TESOL Quarterly, 25(3), 459, 1991.)
O principal objetivo do Texto I é:
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Q1083133 Educação Artística
No Brasil, o início do século XIX é marcado pela vinda da família real portuguesa. Oito anos depois, trazida por Dom João VI, chega a Missão Artística Francesa com seus artistas e organiza a Escola Real das Ciências, Artes e Ofícios. Um dos artistas mais importantes da Missão documentou o cotidiano do povo brasileiro em sua obra Viagem pitoresca e histórica ao Brasil. O nome desse artista é:
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Q1083132 Artes Visuais
“A técnica não existe para ser experimentada apenas, mas para que sustente e dê corpo às ideias que se desvelam pelas linguagens das Artes Visuais, Dança, Teatro, Música e outras tantas.”
Mirian Celeste Martins (In: Barbosa, Ana Mae (org.) Inquietações e mudanças no ensino da arte. São Paulo: Cortez, 2002)
Segundo a linha de pensamento da autora, as atividades artísticas devem priorizar:
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Q1083131 Educação Artística
Diferentes componentes curriculares articulam-se nas aulas de arte. Assim, os caminhos educativos a serem percorridos, durante o curso, com os alunos são denominados:
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Q1083130 Artes Plásticas
“Acor do meu batuque tem o toque Tem o som da minha voz Vermelho, vermelhaço, vermelhusco Vermelhante, vermelhão. .........................................................
Meu coração é vermelho De vermelho vive o coração.”
Vermelho/ Chico da Silva
Vermelho é um pigmento classificado como cor primária. Além do vermelho, também são cores primárias:
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Q1083129 Educação Artística
“Convictos de que o ser humano ocupava um lugar especial no Universo, eles não se submeteram a imposições de reis ou sacerdotes. Para eles, o conhecimento, expressado pela razão, estava acima da crença em qualquer divindade.”
Graça Proença
O texto acima descreve uma produção cultural livre que caracteriza a arte:
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Q1083128 Educação Artística
Os desenhos e pinturas da arte pré-histórica não são apenas reproduções de animais selvagens reais. Eles falam também da sensibilidade e da capacidade de abstração do homem pré-histórico. Assim, no ato criador, esse homem apropriava-se do mundo de modo:
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Q1083127 Educação Artística
O professor de arte deve observar e acompanhar como os alunos executam as atividades artísticas e expressivas, durante todo o processo até chegar ao resultado final. Essa atitude durante as aulas é fundamental para:
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Q1083126 Educação Artística
Uma das mais ricas manifestações da cultura popular mato-grossense transporta o Pantanal para a longínqua Idade Média. Essa disputa azul e vermelha, entre mouros e cristãos, denomina-se:
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Q1083125 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
"Píos deseos al empezar el año." (L.88) Lo destacado, en el texto, significa: 
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Q1083124 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
"Así que lleva razón Ródenas: (...) (L.86) Las partículas destacadas introducen una construcción: 
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Q1083123 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
“(…); Cervantes, en cambio, observa a los humanos desde abajo, con una humildad militante, ...” (L.75) Lo destacado en el texto es una locución: 
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Q1083122 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
"(...), yo no tengo ninguna duda de que sin admirar a los buenos no hay forma de emularlos..." (L.61) El verbo destacado, en el texto, significa:
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Q1083121 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
''(…) no es que no haya que admirar nada, sino que no hay que admirar nada de lo que la mayoría admira..." (L.41). Lo destacado en el texto se trata de una conjunción:
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Q1083120 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
"... se volvió superfluo..." (L.21) Lo destacado es un verbo: 
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Q1083119 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
"(…), pese a las críticas que puedan hacerse a la universidad española …" (L.11) Lo destacado, en el texto, es una locución preposicional de sentido:
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Q1083118 Espanhol
La admiración por la admiración
Javier Cercas
30 DIC 2017

https://elpais.com/elpais/2017/12/22/eps/1513970046_859485.html 
“Sorprende nuestro entusiasmo por quien está de vuelta de todo, ...” (L.1 / 2) El autor, con la locución verbal destacada en el texto, nos da entender que sentimos admiración por quien:
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Q1083117 Pedagogia
Apesar da aprovação da Lei Federal nº 10.436, de 24 de abril de 2002, que reconhece Libras como língua oficial do país, os alunos surdos ainda enfrentam muitos obstáculos no processo de aprendizagem da Geografia. Um dos procedimentos metodológicos que proporcionariam uma educação geográfica inclusiva é:
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Respostas
3441: A
3442: A
3443: B
3444: C
3445: C
3446: D
3447: B
3448: A
3449: D
3450: A
3451: B
3452: B
3453: A
3454: C
3455: B
3456: D
3457: A
3458: C
3459: B
3460: A