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O texto a seguir é de autoria de Yulia Novytska, ucraniana de 18 anos e relata a raiva e o horror de quem viu ruir o mundo que conhecia em virtude dos ataques da Rússia. Leia-o para responder às questões 4 e 5:
POEMA
A terra que pertence ao meu povo e a mim,
onde soa minha língua, onde vibram meus pensamentos.
Volto com eles à terra que amo e,
sempre que penso na estepe, sou atingida pelo medo,
como o vento da primavera que ressoa
com mísseis amaldiçoados que caem ao chão.
Morte, medo e ódio.
Quando há guerra, não há vento calmo no horizonte,
não há narcisos ao redor da escola.
Em breve, as escolas podem nem mais existir.
Busco força para pensar uma nova realidade,
mas a mente alcança o que era antes, o que já não é.
As imagens fluem como areia e tudo volta
para a guerra.
Sobre o que estou escrevendo?
Aqui, o mundo está quieto e a terra é doce.
Poderei viver em paz?
Os textos são complexas redes, tecidas de significantes e significados. Considerando o texto acima, analise as afirmações a seguir:
I - No primeiro verso “Escrevo o que não germinará nesta terra”, a palavra destacada é um artigo definido.
II - O pronome “onde”, em suas duas ocorrências no terceiro verso, retoma anaforicamente o substantivo “terra”.
III - A oração subordinada adverbial temporal “Quando há guerra...” é acompanhada por duas orações principais.
IV - Em “Volto com eles à terra que amo...”, o emprego da crase é facultativo.
Está certo o que se afirma em:
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:
DISCURSOS REVELAM NOVA LINGUAGEM DA ESPLANADA
Cultura, ciência e, principalmente, Lula. Um levantamento feito pelo GLOBO mostra que, com a mudança de governo, novas palavras ganharam força no vocabulário do poder. A análise levou em conta o discurso de todos os ministros que tomaram posse na última semana e mostra que temas escanteados na gestão do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro ganharam protagonismo nas falas dos 34 ministros que assumiram os cargos em cerimônias públicas.
Os anos em que o presidente Jair Bolsonaro contrariou as evidências científicas e defendeu o uso de medicamentos ineficazes contra a Covid-19 resultaram agora em destaque considerável para a ciência, por exemplo. A palavra foi citada 66 vezes nos discursos dos novos titulares da Esplanada dos Ministérios.
- Temos um papel de reforçar a comunicação pública da ciência e a valorização da ciência como parte de nossa cidadania – afirmou a ministra da Saúde, Nísia Trindade.
A diminuição da importância da cultura no governo Bolsonaro foi evidenciada com o fim do próprio ministério. Com isso, a recriação da pasta no governo Lula também significou o reaparecimento da palavra, usada 81 vezes.
- Nos últimos anos, faltou vacina, faltou comida, faltou remédio, faltou emprego, faltou educação, faltou cultura. Faltou sustentabilidade. Faltou vida – afirmou Simone Tebet.
A palavra “democracia”, por sua vez, foi citada 93 vezes, muito mais do que “exército” (citada dez vezes) e “militar” (que também apareceu dez vezes) somados. Já as palavras “companheiro” ou “companheira”, no singular e no plural, aparecerem 54 vezes.
Na primeira semana de governo, a análise dos dados também reflete o personalismo em torno do presidente Lula, cujo nome apareceu 256 vezes – o sexto mais lembrado. As duas palavras mais citadas foram “presidente”, repetida 366 vezes, e, é claro, “Brasil” proferida em 362 ocasiões.
Em diversos discursos, ministros tentaram apresentar o presidente como uma liderança mundial:
- É uma honra para mim estar à frente desse chamado feito por um dos maiores símbolos políticos de todo o planeta – disse Margareth Menezes, da Cultura.
Outros nomes também foram citados em diversas cerimônias: Alckmin, o vice-presidente, foi o segundo mais citado (28 vezes), seguido por “Dilma”, “Simone”, “Sarney” e “Gleisi”. A palavra “Deus”, que Bolsonaro também costumava repetir no lema: “Brasil acima de tudo, Deus acima de todos”, apareceu 27 vezes.
Em outra contraposição ao vocabulário do governo anterior, “mulher” foi citada 48 vezes por ministros, enquanto “homem” apareceu em 20 oportunidades. No levantamento feito pelo GLOBO em 2021 nos discursos de Bolsonaro, “homem” surgia duas vezes mais do que “mulher” nas falas do ex-presidente.
Não por acaso, a preocupação com uma linguagem mais inclusiva foi um dos temas da primeira semana. Alvo de críticas de Bolsonaro e de seus apoiadores, a linguagem neutra apareceu na largada do governo. A palavra “todes” foi utilizada por cerimonialistas em pelo menos seis eventos de transmissão de cargo.
A inclusão deu a tônica, por exemplo, da fala do advogado e professor Silvio Almeida ao assumir a chefia dos Direitos Humanos.
- Trabalhadoras e trabalhadores do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosos para nós. Mulheres do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosas para nós. Homens e mulheres pretos e pretas do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosos para nós (...) – enumerou Almeida, citando ainda indígenas e a comunidade LGBTQIAP+.
(Dimitrius Dantas. O Globo, 08/01/23, p. 6)
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:
DISCURSOS REVELAM NOVA LINGUAGEM DA ESPLANADA
Cultura, ciência e, principalmente, Lula. Um levantamento feito pelo GLOBO mostra que, com a mudança de governo, novas palavras ganharam força no vocabulário do poder. A análise levou em conta o discurso de todos os ministros que tomaram posse na última semana e mostra que temas escanteados na gestão do ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro ganharam protagonismo nas falas dos 34 ministros que assumiram os cargos em cerimônias públicas.
Os anos em que o presidente Jair Bolsonaro contrariou as evidências científicas e defendeu o uso de medicamentos ineficazes contra a Covid-19 resultaram agora em destaque considerável para a ciência, por exemplo. A palavra foi citada 66 vezes nos discursos dos novos titulares da Esplanada dos Ministérios.
- Temos um papel de reforçar a comunicação pública da ciência e a valorização da ciência como parte de nossa cidadania – afirmou a ministra da Saúde, Nísia Trindade.
A diminuição da importância da cultura no governo Bolsonaro foi evidenciada com o fim do próprio ministério. Com isso, a recriação da pasta no governo Lula também significou o reaparecimento da palavra, usada 81 vezes.
- Nos últimos anos, faltou vacina, faltou comida, faltou remédio, faltou emprego, faltou educação, faltou cultura. Faltou sustentabilidade. Faltou vida – afirmou Simone Tebet.
A palavra “democracia”, por sua vez, foi citada 93 vezes, muito mais do que “exército” (citada dez vezes) e “militar” (que também apareceu dez vezes) somados. Já as palavras “companheiro” ou “companheira”, no singular e no plural, aparecerem 54 vezes.
Na primeira semana de governo, a análise dos dados também reflete o personalismo em torno do presidente Lula, cujo nome apareceu 256 vezes – o sexto mais lembrado. As duas palavras mais citadas foram “presidente”, repetida 366 vezes, e, é claro, “Brasil” proferida em 362 ocasiões.
Em diversos discursos, ministros tentaram apresentar o presidente como uma liderança mundial:
- É uma honra para mim estar à frente desse chamado feito por um dos maiores símbolos políticos de todo o planeta – disse Margareth Menezes, da Cultura.
Outros nomes também foram citados em diversas cerimônias: Alckmin, o vice-presidente, foi o segundo mais citado (28 vezes), seguido por “Dilma”, “Simone”, “Sarney” e “Gleisi”. A palavra “Deus”, que Bolsonaro também costumava repetir no lema: “Brasil acima de tudo, Deus acima de todos”, apareceu 27 vezes.
Em outra contraposição ao vocabulário do governo anterior, “mulher” foi citada 48 vezes por ministros, enquanto “homem” apareceu em 20 oportunidades. No levantamento feito pelo GLOBO em 2021 nos discursos de Bolsonaro, “homem” surgia duas vezes mais do que “mulher” nas falas do ex-presidente.
Não por acaso, a preocupação com uma linguagem mais inclusiva foi um dos temas da primeira semana. Alvo de críticas de Bolsonaro e de seus apoiadores, a linguagem neutra apareceu na largada do governo. A palavra “todes” foi utilizada por cerimonialistas em pelo menos seis eventos de transmissão de cargo.
A inclusão deu a tônica, por exemplo, da fala do advogado e professor Silvio Almeida ao assumir a chefia dos Direitos Humanos.
- Trabalhadoras e trabalhadores do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosos para nós. Mulheres do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosas para nós. Homens e mulheres pretos e pretas do Brasil, vocês existem e são valiosos para nós (...) – enumerou Almeida, citando ainda indígenas e a comunidade LGBTQIAP+.
(Dimitrius Dantas. O Globo, 08/01/23, p. 6)
O texto III refere-se à questão.
TEXTO III
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1
Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.
Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.
These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.
However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.
About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.
Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.
Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.
(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)
1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.
O texto III refere-se à questão.
TEXTO III
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1
Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.
Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.
These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.
However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.
About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.
Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.
Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.
(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)
1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.
O texto III refere-se à questão.
TEXTO III
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1
Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.
Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.
These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.
However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.
About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.
Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.
Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.
(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)
1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.
O texto III refere-se à questão.
TEXTO III
Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld1
Three pioneering scientists, Moungi G. Bawendi, Louis E. Brus, and Alexei I. Ekimov, have been honored with the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their groundbreaking work on quantum dots, which are semiconductor particles small enough to significantly alter their electron behavior. These quantum dots, comprising only a few thousand atoms, have applications ranging from enhancing LED lights to potential advancements in solar cells and quantum information encryption.
Semiconductors, essential in powering our modern electronics, traditionally consist of large molecular-level crystals. However, quantum dots are vastly smaller. To provide perspective, the Nobel Foundation likened the size difference between a quantum dot and a soccer ball to that between a soccer ball and the Earth.
These nanoscale dots are now utilized in LED lights to refine color and in televisions to improve resolution. Additionally, they hold potential in the biomedical field, such as in cancer tissue removal. Despite initial skepticism regarding the feasibility of creating such __________________ minuscule particles, this year’s laureates prevailed. Their achievement, particularly Bawendi’s method for crafting specific size, highquality nanoparticles, has propelled technological applications like QLED screens and various imaging in biochemistry and medicine.
However, the announcement of this year's laureates was surrounded by unusual circumstances. Before the official statement from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Swedish media sources leaked the information, citing an email mistakenly sent early from the Academy.
About the winners: Dr. Bawendi, a professor at MIT and a former postdoc under Dr. Brus, was born in France. Dr. Brus, a professor emeritus at Columbia University, was born in the U.S. Dr. Ekimov, once the chief scientist at Nanocrystals Technology in New York, was born in the former Soviet Union.
Their achievements in the realm of nanotechnology have enabled the exploration of distinct properties of extremely small matter, and have had profound implications in various technological domains. Their efforts in the 1980s, which led to the creation of quantum dots, needed further refinement before technological applications could be realized. Their work is regarded as monumental in bridging theoretical concepts with real-world applications. According to the American Chemical Society’s president, Judith Giordan, their discoveries are not just of academic interest but aim to benefit humanity at large.
Upon winning the prize, Dr. Bawendi expressed surprise and honor, emphasizing the significance of sharing the award with his mentor, Dr. Brus. Other notable winners this year include Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their contributions to Covid-19 vaccine development in the Physiology or Medicine category, and Pierre Agostini, Ferenc Krausz, and Anne L’Huillier in Physics.
(Adapted from "Nobel Prize in Chemistry Awarded to 3 Scientists for Exploring the Nanoworld" by Emma Bubola and Katrina Miller, Oct. 04, 2023)
1 Fonte: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/04/science/nobelprize-chemistry.html . Acesso em: 04 de outubro de 2023.
O texto II refere-se à questão.
TEXTO II
"Dance the Night"
Dua Lipa
Baby, you can find me under the lights
Diamonds under my eyes
Turn the rhythm up, don't you wanna just
Come along for the ride?
Oh, my outfit so tight
You can see my heartbeat tonight
I can take the heat, baby, best believe
That's the moment I shine
'Cause every romance shakes and it bends
Don't give a damn
When the night's here, I don't do tears
Baby, no chance
I could dance, I could dance, I could dance
Watch me dance, dance the night away
My heart could be burnin', but you won't see it on
my face
Watch me dance, dance the night away (uh-huh)
I'll still keep the party runnin', not one hair out of place (place)
(...)
O texto II refere-se à questão.
TEXTO II
"Dance the Night"
Dua Lipa
Baby, you can find me under the lights
Diamonds under my eyes
Turn the rhythm up, don't you wanna just
Come along for the ride?
Oh, my outfit so tight
You can see my heartbeat tonight
I can take the heat, baby, best believe
That's the moment I shine
'Cause every romance shakes and it bends
Don't give a damn
When the night's here, I don't do tears
Baby, no chance
I could dance, I could dance, I could dance
Watch me dance, dance the night away
My heart could be burnin', but you won't see it on
my face
Watch me dance, dance the night away (uh-huh)
I'll still keep the party runnin', not one hair out of place (place)
(...)
TEXT I
The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.
In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations.
Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.
TEXT I
The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.
In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations.
Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.
TEXT I
The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.
In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations.
Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.
TEXT I
The teaching of the English language in contemporary settings is undergoing an unprecedented transformation. With globalization and the dissolution of geographical barriers, English as a Second Language (ESL) teaching has gained paramount importance. This growth is spurred not only by the desire to engage in international trade or diplomacy but also due to the pervasiveness of English in international media, arts, and technology.
In response, ESL teachers strive to create an inclusive and supportive learning environment that acknowledges the diverse backgrounds and needs of their students. The primary goal is to foster communicative competence, which goes beyond mere linguistic knowledge. It encompasses cultural understanding, pragmatic abilities, and the aptitude to navigate various social situations.
Modern technology plays a pivotal role in this. With digital tools, students can have a more immersive learning experience. Virtual reality, for instance, can transport students to Englishspeaking countries, offering real-world situational practice. Apps and online platforms provide interactive exercises, enhancing vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation skills. These tools, however, are most effective when coupled with a human touch — the nuanced guidance, motivation, and support that only a dedicated teacher can provide.
Text 9
Becoming
Back in the ancestral homeland of Michelle Obama, black women were rarely granted the honorific Miss or Mrs., but were addressed by their first name, or simply as "gal" or "auntie" or worse. This so openly demeaned them that many black women, long after they had left the South, refused to answer if called by their first name. A mother and father in 1970s Texas named their newborn "Miss" so that white people would have no choice but to address their daughter by that title. Black women were meant for the field, or the kitchen, or for use as they saw fit. They were, by definition, not ladies. The very idea of a black woman as first lady of the land, well, that would have been unthinkable.
Disponível em: www.nytimes.com. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2019 (adaptado).
Text 8
THE ROLE OF TEXTBOOKS IN A LANGUAGE PROGRAM
Textbooks are a key component in most language programs. In some situations they serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that occurs in the classroom. They may provide the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of language practice the students take part in. in other situations, the textbook may serve primarily to supplement the teacher’s instruction. For learners, the textbook may provide the major source of contact they have with the language apart from input provided by the teacher. In the case of inexperienced teachers, textbooks may also serve as a form of teacher training. – they provide ideas on how to plan and teach lessons as well as formats that teachers can use. Much of the language teaching that occurs throughout the world today could not take place without the extensive use of commercial textbooks. Learning how to use and adapt textbooks is hence an important part of a teacher’s professional knowledge.
Text 8
THE ROLE OF TEXTBOOKS IN A LANGUAGE PROGRAM
Textbooks are a key component in most language programs. In some situations they serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that occurs in the classroom. They may provide the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of language practice the students take part in. in other situations, the textbook may serve primarily to supplement the teacher’s instruction. For learners, the textbook may provide the major source of contact they have with the language apart from input provided by the teacher. In the case of inexperienced teachers, textbooks may also serve as a form of teacher training. – they provide ideas on how to plan and teach lessons as well as formats that teachers can use. Much of the language teaching that occurs throughout the world today could not take place without the extensive use of commercial textbooks. Learning how to use and adapt textbooks is hence an important part of a teacher’s professional knowledge.
Text 8
THE ROLE OF TEXTBOOKS IN A LANGUAGE PROGRAM
Textbooks are a key component in most language programs. In some situations they serve as the basis for much of the language input learners receive and the language practice that occurs in the classroom. They may provide the basis for the content of the lessons, the balance of skills taught and the kinds of language practice the students take part in. in other situations, the textbook may serve primarily to supplement the teacher’s instruction. For learners, the textbook may provide the major source of contact they have with the language apart from input provided by the teacher. In the case of inexperienced teachers, textbooks may also serve as a form of teacher training. – they provide ideas on how to plan and teach lessons as well as formats that teachers can use. Much of the language teaching that occurs throughout the world today could not take place without the extensive use of commercial textbooks. Learning how to use and adapt textbooks is hence an important part of a teacher’s professional knowledge.
Algumas cidades ao redor do mundo ajudaram no crescimento do número de usuários de bicicletas das seguintes maneiras:
1) O Japão deu atenção considerável aos motociclistas, aumentando o número de estacionamentos para bicicletas.
2) A Alemanha Ocidental adotou regras menos restritivas para quem era favorável ao uso da bicicleta.
3) A cidade de Copenhague está determinada a bloquear o uso de cerca de 2.300 bicicletas pelo público.
4) Em Lima, Peru, as pessoas que têm uma família grande podem comprar bicicletas usando um programa especial de empréstimo.
5) A estratégia do Japão para motivar as pessoas a preferir usar bicicletas em vez de carros favoreceu a economia e o espaço livre.
As respostas adequadas são:
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“Riding a bicycle wil save you money, create less pollution, make you _______ and let you zip past heavy traffic. Will anything persuade auto owners to hop on a two-wheeler? Absolutely yes, says a new report from Washington’s Worldwatch Institute. In “Taking Bikes Seriously,” senior researcher Gary Gardner shows how cities around the world have increased bike ridership by offering a little encouragement. The city of Copenhagen, _________ , makes 2,300 bicycles available for public use; the $3 rental fee is refunded when the bike is returned. In Lima, Peru, lowincome residents ________ buy bicycles through a special small-loan program. During the 1980s Japan helped bikers by boosting the number of bicycle parking spaces at railway stations about fourfold, to 2.4 million. That strategy _________ both money and land; two bikes can fit into a square meter of parking space, while cars require about 30 sq m each. Bike-friendly policies ______ western Germany have lifted the amount of cycling by 50% since the early 1970s.”
(Source: “Back on the Bike, With a Little Help from the City”, PLANET WATCH, TIME, September 28, 1998, page 12.)
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TEXT NECK: A Global Epidemic Living in the modern digital age certainly has its benefits. We all enjoy the conveniences contemporary electronic technology offers, especially our mobile handheld devices. How did we ever live without the endless amounts of information, instant results and ability to interact and communicate, all at our fingertips? However, with all the advantages we gain from mobile technology comes the risk of serious and permanent health problems. TEXT NECK IS A GLOBAL EPIDEMIC! 'Text Neck' is a world-wide health concern, affecting millions of all ages and from all walks of life. Widespread overuse of handheld mobile technology is resulting in a harmful and dangerous physical condition on the human body, which is known as Text Neck. Dr. Dean Fishman is a Chiropractor in Plantation Florida, and a leading health care provider for technology induced injuries. Dr. Fishman originated the phrase 'Text Neck' to explain the repeated stress injury to the body caused by excessive texting and overuse of all handheld electronic devices. The term, and the health condition, is derived from the onset of cervical spinal degeneration resulting from the repeated stress of frequent forward head flexion while looking down at the screens of mobile devices and 'texting' for long periods of time. While 'Text Neck' is certainly a new medical term, the condition is impacting millions and is a growing critical global concern. Of the 6 billion people in the world, over 4 billion have mo SSA – 2ª Fase 1º Dia Página 21 In his quest to treat those suffering from the painful and harmful affects of Text Neck, Dr. Dean Fishman founded the Text Neck Institute in Plantation, Florida. Leading the way and breaking new ground, Dr. Fishman is a pioneer in treating technology related injuries. The Text Neck Institute is at the forefront of advanced tech-injury research and treatment. Included in our treatment for Text Neck is Chiropractic Care, Physiotherapy, Physical Therapy, Massage Therapy, Spinal Decompression Therapy, and Excercise Planning. Dr. Fishman is an outspoken advocate of Text Neck Prevention through 'Proper Use' education. Dr. Dean Fishman is respected as an authority in educating mobile technology users how to utilize their hand held devices properly, allowing them to enjoy modern technology without suffering from Text Neck. He has also created 'The Text Neck Indicator,' a Mobile Application that alerts users when they are operating their mobile device in an 'at-risk' position, triggering that user to maintain safe and risk-free operation.
Disponível em: http://text-neck.com/Adaptado. Acesso em: 27/07/15
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