Which choice is INCORRECT? 

Choose the right choice to complete the two sentences with the appropriate verb conjugations:

1 – What would you ____________ if you _____________ the accident on the street?
2 – She _________ just left, but he_________ yesterday. 

Choose the right phrasal verb for this definition:

To compensate for a mistake, loss, or bad situation by doing something positive to balance it out, showing you're sorry or fixing a shortcoming, like buying a gift after missing a birthday or working harder to cover missed hours. 

The meaning of the phrasal verb “to throw up” is: 

The meaning of the phrasal verb “to get abreast of” is:

Education in Brazil: Challenges and Progress

1 Basic Education, particularly at the elementary level, has seen notable improvements in terms of access and enrollment rates over the past few decades. Literacy rates have increased, and the vast majority of children are now in school. However, the primary struggle lies in quality and equity. Standardized tests, like the Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica (IDEB), frequently reveal that students in many public schools are not achieving adequate proficiency in core subjects like Portuguese and Mathematics. Public schools, which serve the majority of the population, often suffer from inadequate infrastructure, low teacher salaries, and a lack of pedagogical resources, contrasting sharply with the generally higher quality offered by private institutions. Furthermore, the dropout rate, particularly in High School (Ensino Médio), remains a persistent concern.

2 To address these systemic issues, recent reforms have focused on curricular changes, such as the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), which aims to standardize learning objectives across the nation. There is also a continuous push for the professional development and better remuneration of teachers. The future of education in Brazil rests on a concerted effort to improve the quality of public basic schools, ensuring that all students, regardless of their socio-economic status, have a genuine opportunity to succeed. Sustained and equitable funding, coupled with effective, long-term educational planning that addresses the needs of a diverse and large country, will be crucial for Brazil to fully leverage education as a true engine for social mobility and national development.

3 Higher Education in Brazil is highly selective and largely dominated by public universities, which are internationally recognized and offer tuition-free instruction. These institutions, such as the Universidade de São Paulo (USP) and the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), are centers of excellence in research and teaching. Access is primarily gained through the highly competitive National High School Exam (ENEM), which is used to select students for public universities via the Sistema de Seleção Unificada (SiSU). A significant challenge in this sector has been ensuring access for students from underprivileged backgrounds. To combat this, the federal government implemented affirmative action policies (quotas), reserving a percentage of slots in public universities for students from public schools, those with low family incomes, and those of African or Indigenous descent, which has successfully diversified the student body.

4 Education in Brazil is a vast and complex system, undergoing continuous evolution while grappling with significant structural challenges. The country's education is generally divided into three main levels: Basic Education (comprising Early Childhood Education, Elementary School, and High School) and Higher Education. The Brazilian Constitution guarantees the right to education as a duty of the State and the family, making mandatory and free schooling for all children and adolescents aged 4 to 17. The system is highly decentralized, with the federal government, states, and municipalities sharing responsibilities, which often leads to disparities in funding, quality, and management across the different regions, particularly between the more developed South and Southeast and the less developed North and Northeast. 

5 The core issue underpinning the Brazilian educational system is the profound inequity that mirrors the country's social and economic stratification. Students from affluent backgrounds overwhelmingly attend higherquality private basic schools, giving them a considerable advantage in securing spots at the prestigious public universities. The funding mechanism, despite constitutional mandates like the Fundo de Manutenção e Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica e de Valorização dos Profissionais da Educação (FUNDEB), often fails to bridge the resource gap between wealthy and poor municipalities. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic severely exacerbated these issues, highlighting the digital divide and the lack of proper tools for remote learning in low-income households, leading to significant learning loss and increased inequality in educational outcomes.

What is the right order of the paragraphs?

Choose the right choice that shows the right linking words to complete the text below:

Yesterday afternoon, a group of people marched towards the Government Palace____________ talk to the governor about some problems that have been taking place in the region of backlands. ____________, hundreds of protesters got together in front of the palace due to their dissatisfaction about the low salaries and lack of wage raise. ____________ receiving some of the protesters who were outside the palace, the governor gave the opportunity to only the representatives of the rural growers to talk about their demands and complaints. _____________, there have been more serious problems ____________ not only in the entire state, ____________ in the capital such as: the high level of crimes, lack of basic sanitation, mainly in the city outskirts, the pollution of the most touristic beaches ___________ the bad quality of the public transportation which has been a lot to be desired for so many years. ____________, when all was said and done, the governor decided to give in their demandings by promising he would do as best as he could to improve and solve all the drastical situation. _____________, they set up a middle-term deadline so that the governor could fulfil all their needs. 

The region of prosperity

Petrolina and Juazeiro are charming and prosperous cities that attract not only tourists but also investors due to their beauty and economic potential. In fact, all this success stems from irrigated agriculture, which has provided quality and security in the harvests of both mangoes and grapes. The São Francisco Valley region, including not only the cities of Petrolina and Juazeiro, but also other places with great economic potential such as Vermelhos, Sobradinho, Lagoa Grande, Casa Nova, etc., has been the site of significant financial investments through the production of high-quality wines. 
The São Francisco Valley as a whole has stood out mainly in the production and export of mangoes and grapes of various varieties, including seedless grapes and dry red wine, supplying not only the domestic market but also the foreign market, especially the European, American and Asian markets. Also, tourism is another sector that has been growing significantly in recent years. The city of Petrolina alone, for example, has more than thirty tourist attractions that make any tourist want to return many times. It is worth highlighting Pedrinhas, a bathing resort located very close to the urban area; Ilha do Rodeadouro or Rodeadouro Island, for lovers of crystal-clear, shallow waters in the São Francisco River; the large wineries in the Vermelhos, Santa Maria da Boa Vista, and Lagoa Grande regions, for wine lovers and tasters; the Sobradinho Dam, for those who appreciate the contrast between the natural and the artificial; and Ilha do Fogo or Fire Island, a historical site marking the border between the two states, Pernambuco and Bahia, connected by the Presidente Dutra bridge over the São Francisco River.
In addition, the region has an international airport located in the city of Petrolina with daily flights to various capitals of Brazil connecting the entire region with all the Brazilian cultures and accents, making Petrolina and Juazeiro cosmopolitan cities that are welcoming to all who visit or wish to settle permanently in this region known as "the land of opportunities" or "the Brazilian California".
You can also travel through the history of the region by visiting both the Sertão (backland) Museum located in Petrolina and the São Francisco Regional Museum located in the city of Juazeiro. In short, a visit to the São Francisco Valley region is a must to contemplate and to enjoy a prosperous hinterland rich in beauty and potential.

According to the text "The region of prosperity," what is the main factor driving the economic success of the cities of Petrolina and Juazeiro, and what products stand out in this scenario, supplying both the domestic and international markets?

A nação francesa, ao longo do período moderno, comportava uma sociedade de estamentos, divididos entre Clero, Nobreza e todos os outros que não pertenciam aos dois primeiros. Durante o século XVIII, exaurida por conflitos externos europeus e coloniais, bem como uma crescente população cuja qualidade de vida apenas se deteriorava em contradição à vida burlesca da nobreza, a França se tornou palco de grande agitação social, culminando na:

Línguas e dialetos neolatinos modernos. https://www.superprof.com.br



divisão do Império romano ocidental e oriental a partir de 395 d.C https://romapravoce.com/imperio-romano-do-ocidenteoriente-divisao/

A maior entidade política da antiguidade ocidental, O Império Romano, ocupou muitas faixas de terra ao longo do mar mediterrâneo por vários séculos.

Sobre esta civilização antiga e com relação às imagens acima, podemos afirmar que:

Soldado português do período da Guerra do Ultramar.

As potências europeias, após a Segunda Guerra, passavam por crises econômicas e políticas. Os países vencedores que ainda possuíam colônias escancaravam um grande paradoxo: Ao mesmo tempo se diziam defensoras da liberdade e vitoriosas contra o autoritarismo e fascismo, mas ainda possuíam colônias que eram exploradas e estavam em situação de subserviência.
Vários movimentos de resistência ganharam força e aumentaram suas pretensões de independência.

Sobre a descolonização na África e Ásia, é CORRETO afirmar que: 

Estrabão, historiador grego, nos relatou a história de Amanirenas, poderosa governante do reino africano de Kush, que resistiu aos romanos e seu expansionismo.
Já Heródoto, outro grande historiador grego, nos conta a história de como Tômiris, rainha da tribo cita dos Masságetas, derrotou em batalha e possivelmente matou o maior imperador persa: Ciro, O Grande.
Outras mulheres na História também tiveram sucessos militares contra estados poderosos, como Joana D’arc, que combateu os ingleses na Guerra dos Cem Anos e a Rainha Elizabeth I, cujas políticas externas garantiram o posicionamento inglês em relação às outras potências rivais.

Com base no contexto do texto acima e o papel da mulher na História, podemos concluir que:

Fidel Castro conversa com soldados cubanos depois que 1300 exilados apoiados pela CIA invadiram a costa cubana em Playa Girón [Reuters]

A Invasão da Baía dos Porcos, em Cuba, por exilados cubanos nos EUA, teve como objetivo:

Mapa da região da seca de 1877, do engenheiro André Rebouças, acervo da Biblioteca Nacional.

A Grande Seca de 1877-1879 foi a maior catástrofe natural da História do Brasil, afetou uma grande área do sertão nordestino e teve como consequência:

A lei de adoção do sistema métrico decimal no Império do Brasil é de 26 de junho de 1862, sendo aplicada de fato somente 10 anos depois.
Diversas reações e agitações populares eclodiram contra a adoção do sistema métrico, principalmente na Paraíba, a partir de 1874, logo se espalhando pra outros estados nordestinos.
Apesar de possuir clara motivação inicial, o movimento tinha caráter bem mais complexo, unindo questões políticas, econômicas e sociais das regiões sertanejas.

Trata-se:

Uma série de estados africanos ao sul do Saara surgiram ao longo de diversos séculos. Os árabes e berberes islâmicos tiveram contatos com muitas dessas civilizações antes dos europeus.

Sobre este pedaço da História Africana, podemos afirmar que: 

Havia uma civilização que habitava a Península do Iucatã, no atual México, cujas cidades eram seus próprios estados que competiam entre si, abrigando milhões de habitantes. Produziram grandes obras de Arquitetura e Engenharia, dominavam também a Matemática e Astronomia. Estavam em decadência devido a conflitos internos e catástrofes naturais, logo antes da chegada dos Espanhóis.

Trata-se do povo:

Após a derrota de Napoleão Bonaparte, as nações europeias vitoriosas buscaram estabelecer certo equilíbrio entre elas, o objetivo era evitar novos grandes conflitos, restaurando antigas monarquias, combatendo ideais revolucionários da revolução de 1789 e redefinindo fronteiras e divisas.

Estas questões geopolíticas foram tratadas:

Os Plebeus romanos possuem um histórico extenso de lutas por direitos e busca de mais igualdade perante os Patrícios, muitas dessas conquistas foram oficializadas por leis.
Temos como exemplo de institutos legais romanos as Leis das 12 Tábuas, Leis Licínias e a Lei Canuleia.

Sobre a Lei Canuleia, podemos afirmar que:

A mudança do eixo econômico regional brasileiro ao longo do século XIX teve consequências em todo o século XX da história nacional, dentre elas pode-se afirmar que: