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Trecho da carta de Américo Vespúcio.
“[...] Esta terra é muito amena; cheia de inúmeras árvores verdes, e muito grandes, e nunca perdem folha, e todas têm odores suavíssimos, e aromáticos, e produzem inúmeras frutas, e muitas delas boas ao gosto e saudáveis ao Corpo, e os campos produzem muita erva, flores, raízes muito suaves e boas, que umas vezes me maravilhava do odor suave das ervas, e das flores, e do sabor dessas frutas, e raízes, tanto que em mim pensava estar perto do Paraíso terrestre [...]”
(Vespúcio apud Bueno, 2003, p. 15.)
No contexto das grandes navegações e do descobrimento de terras no continente americano, Américo Vespúcio, cosmógrafo e comerciante italiano:
A cultura iorubá no Brasil
Durante os séculos XVI e XIX, a mão de obra no Brasil era composta basicamente de africanos escravizados. Nesse longo período, a sociedade brasileira foi bastante influenciada por africanos, que em grande parte vinham de Angola e Moçambique. Vinham também precedentes da Costa da Mina, atual Nigéria, Gana, Togo e Benim. Entre os grupos que fixaram no Recôncavo baiano, os que mais influenciaram nos costumes dos brasileiros.
(Napolitano, 2013, p. 215.)
Acerca da presença dos iorubás e de outras tribos africanas no contexto do Brasil colonial, analise as afirmativas a seguir, marque V para as verdadeiras e F para as falsas.
( ) Com o Descobrimento da América, a África passou a fazer parte da rota da escravidão, embora, anteriormente, essa prática não existisse em seu continente.
( ) Bantos, sudaneses, iorubás, entre outros povos africanos, praticavam a religião islâmica e, por isso, achavam correta a subserviência.
( ) O candomblé, manifestação religiosa em que as divindades simbolizam forças ancestrais ligadas aos elementos do mundo, foi introduzido no Brasil pelos iorubás.
( ) Para os africanos a arte tinha função religiosa e política servindo para encenar a relação do ser humano com a natureza, entre outras coisas.
A sequência está correta em
“Durante os séculos XV e XVII, a Europa passou por uma série de transformações políticas, intelectual, religiosa e geográfica. É neste cenário que nasce o mercantilismo: conjunto de ideias e práticas econômicas que perdurou durante três séculos em toda Europa. Para os mercantilistas, o ouro e a prata eram o mais perfeito instrumento de aquisição da riqueza. Ou em outras palavras, o ouro e a prata são para a nação, as formas eminentes da riqueza. Para acumular o máximo de ouro e prata, a Espanha, por exemplo, toma uma série de medidas controladoras, para impedir que o metal precioso saia do país. A concepção mercantilista se alarga: para aumentar o volume das exportações de objetos de luxo limita-se o seu consumo no mercado interno. Todavia, serem as importações de ouro e prata superiores às exportações, todo um sistema de regulamentação é elaborado: o estado regulamenta a produção, fiscaliza as exportações e controla as vendas no exterior. (Paul Hugon, 1969) A fiscalização das exportações também objetiva a saída de produtos de matérias-primas que possam ser úteis à defesa do país ou à condução da guerra.”
(Disponível em: http://www.webartigos.com/artigos/ideias-mercantilistas-e-a-teoria-do-comercio-internacional/20756/#ixzz46sZLPcn4.)
O trecho em questão destaca algumas das principais ideias da política mercantilista, a saber:
Tendo em vista a análise da imagem e considerando o contexto socioeconômico do período em questão, é correto
afirmar que:
Learning strategies are the particular approaches or techniques that learners employ to try to learn an L 2. There have been various attempts to discover which strategies are important for L 2 acquisition.
One example of a mental learning strategy employed in L 2 learning is
Refugee judokas searching for peace while fighting for their Olympic dream in Rio
More than two and a half years after they came to Rio de Janeiro to compete in the World Judo Championships, two refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo are still here, in pursuit of an extraordinary Olympic dream. When teams from more than 200 countries march into the Maracanã Stadium for the opening ceremony of the Rio 2016 Games on 5 August, Popole Misenga and Yolanda Mabika intend to be among them, walking behind the Olympic flag. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) will mount a unique team of refugee athletes which will compete in Rio. It has been a long journey from central Africa and from a war that has claimed an estimated 5.4 million lives. Mabika, now 28, cannot hold back the tears when she remembers the brothers and sisters she has not seen since 1998, when she was evacuated from her home town to the country’s capital, Kinshasa. It was there, as a child, that she first took up judo. Misenga’s mother was murdered when he was just six years old. The young child wandered for days in the Congolese rainforest before he too was rescued and taken to Kinshasa. Like his compatriot, he soon took to judo, a sport which the Congolese government saw as an ideal way of giving some structure to the lives of the country’s countless orphans. In 2010, Misenga won a bronze medal at the under-20 African Judo Championship. But Misenga and Mabika said training conditions were excessively rigorous, with losing judokas beaten and locked in cells. At the 2013 World Judo Championship, Misenga took the opportunity to begin a better life. After escaping from the team hotel, a couple of days later Misenga found himself in the favela community of Cinco Bocas in northern Rio, home to most of the city’s Congolese community of some 900 people. He sent Mabika a message and she also decided to stay. Life in northern Rio has not always been easy for the judokas. It has been a story of odd jobs and informal employment.The two athletes are now training three times a week at the Instituto Reação. The learning curve has been steep. Geraldo Bernardes, the veteran coach of the Brazilian team in four Olympic Games, says that Misenga and Mabika were initially far too aggressive in training. “They were used to being punished and mistreated when they lost,” Geraldo explains. “I had to tell them that training and fighting are different things.”
Misenga told rio2016.com that he had adjusted to his new surrounds: “I have learnt a lot on the technical side. I can feel in my body that I have learnt what was missing before in my judo.” Their coach says the two judokas are rough diamonds and are still making up for the lost time in their training. Brazil has a strong tradition in the sport and both athletes are hoping that by refining their skills in the country they will make the cut when the IOC decides which athletes (from a shortlist of 43) will form part of Team Refugee in June. In the meantime, both Misenga and Mabika are enjoying their new lives in Rio. The Instituto Reação and the local Estácio de Sá university have given them the opportunity to learn Portuguese, maths and other subjects. Neither of the two judokas has any plan to leave the new home town that has given them so much.
(Available in: http://www.rio2016.com. Adapted.)
Refugee judokas searching for peace while fighting for their Olympic dream in Rio
More than two and a half years after they came to Rio de Janeiro to compete in the World Judo Championships, two refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo are still here, in pursuit of an extraordinary Olympic dream. When teams from more than 200 countries march into the Maracanã Stadium for the opening ceremony of the Rio 2016 Games on 5 August, Popole Misenga and Yolanda Mabika intend to be among them, walking behind the Olympic flag. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) will mount a unique team of refugee athletes which will compete in Rio. It has been a long journey from central Africa and from a war that has claimed an estimated 5.4 million lives. Mabika, now 28, cannot hold back the tears when she remembers the brothers and sisters she has not seen since 1998, when she was evacuated from her home town to the country’s capital, Kinshasa. It was there, as a child, that she first took up judo. Misenga’s mother was murdered when he was just six years old. The young child wandered for days in the Congolese rainforest before he too was rescued and taken to Kinshasa. Like his compatriot, he soon took to judo, a sport which the Congolese government saw as an ideal way of giving some structure to the lives of the country’s countless orphans. In 2010, Misenga won a bronze medal at the under-20 African Judo Championship. But Misenga and Mabika said training conditions were excessively rigorous, with losing judokas beaten and locked in cells. At the 2013 World Judo Championship, Misenga took the opportunity to begin a better life. After escaping from the team hotel, a couple of days later Misenga found himself in the favela community of Cinco Bocas in northern Rio, home to most of the city’s Congolese community of some 900 people. He sent Mabika a message and she also decided to stay. Life in northern Rio has not always been easy for the judokas. It has been a story of odd jobs and informal employment.The two athletes are now training three times a week at the Instituto Reação. The learning curve has been steep. Geraldo Bernardes, the veteran coach of the Brazilian team in four Olympic Games, says that Misenga and Mabika were initially far too aggressive in training. “They were used to being punished and mistreated when they lost,” Geraldo explains. “I had to tell them that training and fighting are different things.”
Misenga told rio2016.com that he had adjusted to his new surrounds: “I have learnt a lot on the technical side. I can feel in my body that I have learnt what was missing before in my judo.” Their coach says the two judokas are rough diamonds and are still making up for the lost time in their training. Brazil has a strong tradition in the sport and both athletes are hoping that by refining their skills in the country they will make the cut when the IOC decides which athletes (from a shortlist of 43) will form part of Team Refugee in June. In the meantime, both Misenga and Mabika are enjoying their new lives in Rio. The Instituto Reação and the local Estácio de Sá university have given them the opportunity to learn Portuguese, maths and other subjects. Neither of the two judokas has any plan to leave the new home town that has given them so much.
(Available in: http://www.rio2016.com. Adapted.)
Refugee judokas searching for peace while fighting for their Olympic dream in Rio
More than two and a half years after they came to Rio de Janeiro to compete in the World Judo Championships, two refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo are still here, in pursuit of an extraordinary Olympic dream. When teams from more than 200 countries march into the Maracanã Stadium for the opening ceremony of the Rio 2016 Games on 5 August, Popole Misenga and Yolanda Mabika intend to be among them, walking behind the Olympic flag. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) will mount a unique team of refugee athletes which will compete in Rio. It has been a long journey from central Africa and from a war that has claimed an estimated 5.4 million lives. Mabika, now 28, cannot hold back the tears when she remembers the brothers and sisters she has not seen since 1998, when she was evacuated from her home town to the country’s capital, Kinshasa. It was there, as a child, that she first took up judo. Misenga’s mother was murdered when he was just six years old. The young child wandered for days in the Congolese rainforest before he too was rescued and taken to Kinshasa. Like his compatriot, he soon took to judo, a sport which the Congolese government saw as an ideal way of giving some structure to the lives of the country’s countless orphans. In 2010, Misenga won a bronze medal at the under-20 African Judo Championship. But Misenga and Mabika said training conditions were excessively rigorous, with losing judokas beaten and locked in cells. At the 2013 World Judo Championship, Misenga took the opportunity to begin a better life. After escaping from the team hotel, a couple of days later Misenga found himself in the favela community of Cinco Bocas in northern Rio, home to most of the city’s Congolese community of some 900 people. He sent Mabika a message and she also decided to stay. Life in northern Rio has not always been easy for the judokas. It has been a story of odd jobs and informal employment.The two athletes are now training three times a week at the Instituto Reação. The learning curve has been steep. Geraldo Bernardes, the veteran coach of the Brazilian team in four Olympic Games, says that Misenga and Mabika were initially far too aggressive in training. “They were used to being punished and mistreated when they lost,” Geraldo explains. “I had to tell them that training and fighting are different things.”
Misenga told rio2016.com that he had adjusted to his new surrounds: “I have learnt a lot on the technical side. I can feel in my body that I have learnt what was missing before in my judo.” Their coach says the two judokas are rough diamonds and are still making up for the lost time in their training. Brazil has a strong tradition in the sport and both athletes are hoping that by refining their skills in the country they will make the cut when the IOC decides which athletes (from a shortlist of 43) will form part of Team Refugee in June. In the meantime, both Misenga and Mabika are enjoying their new lives in Rio. The Instituto Reação and the local Estácio de Sá university have given them the opportunity to learn Portuguese, maths and other subjects. Neither of the two judokas has any plan to leave the new home town that has given them so much.
(Available in: http://www.rio2016.com. Adapted.)
Refugee judokas searching for peace while fighting for their Olympic dream in Rio
More than two and a half years after they came to Rio de Janeiro to compete in the World Judo Championships, two refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo are still here, in pursuit of an extraordinary Olympic dream. When teams from more than 200 countries march into the Maracanã Stadium for the opening ceremony of the Rio 2016 Games on 5 August, Popole Misenga and Yolanda Mabika intend to be among them, walking behind the Olympic flag. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) will mount a unique team of refugee athletes which will compete in Rio. It has been a long journey from central Africa and from a war that has claimed an estimated 5.4 million lives. Mabika, now 28, cannot hold back the tears when she remembers the brothers and sisters she has not seen since 1998, when she was evacuated from her home town to the country’s capital, Kinshasa. It was there, as a child, that she first took up judo. Misenga’s mother was murdered when he was just six years old. The young child wandered for days in the Congolese rainforest before he too was rescued and taken to Kinshasa. Like his compatriot, he soon took to judo, a sport which the Congolese government saw as an ideal way of giving some structure to the lives of the country’s countless orphans. In 2010, Misenga won a bronze medal at the under-20 African Judo Championship. But Misenga and Mabika said training conditions were excessively rigorous, with losing judokas beaten and locked in cells. At the 2013 World Judo Championship, Misenga took the opportunity to begin a better life. After escaping from the team hotel, a couple of days later Misenga found himself in the favela community of Cinco Bocas in northern Rio, home to most of the city’s Congolese community of some 900 people. He sent Mabika a message and she also decided to stay. Life in northern Rio has not always been easy for the judokas. It has been a story of odd jobs and informal employment.The two athletes are now training three times a week at the Instituto Reação. The learning curve has been steep. Geraldo Bernardes, the veteran coach of the Brazilian team in four Olympic Games, says that Misenga and Mabika were initially far too aggressive in training. “They were used to being punished and mistreated when they lost,” Geraldo explains. “I had to tell them that training and fighting are different things.”
Misenga told rio2016.com that he had adjusted to his new surrounds: “I have learnt a lot on the technical side. I can feel in my body that I have learnt what was missing before in my judo.” Their coach says the two judokas are rough diamonds and are still making up for the lost time in their training. Brazil has a strong tradition in the sport and both athletes are hoping that by refining their skills in the country they will make the cut when the IOC decides which athletes (from a shortlist of 43) will form part of Team Refugee in June. In the meantime, both Misenga and Mabika are enjoying their new lives in Rio. The Instituto Reação and the local Estácio de Sá university have given them the opportunity to learn Portuguese, maths and other subjects. Neither of the two judokas has any plan to leave the new home town that has given them so much.
(Available in: http://www.rio2016.com. Adapted.)
Analyse the sentence to answer 6.
Douglas had to apologize _________ little Jim’s mom _________ having played those pranks ______ her.
Choose the sequence to complete the blanks.
Analyse the sentence.
The item that contains an inconsistency and its corresponding correction is:
Em uma época de crise econômica, dúvidas sobre o futuro político do país e insegurança frente ao que está por vir,
uma coisa é certa: o Brasil está envelhecendo – e mais rápido do que se imagina. O envelhecimento populacional
compõe o fenômeno de transição demográfica caracterizado pelo(a)
Os objetivos que a Educação Básica busca alcançar devem convergir para os princípios mais amplos que norteiam a Nação brasileira, expressos nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, que são:
1. Princípios éticos.
2. Princípios políticos.
3. Princípios estéticos.
Relacione adequadamente os princípios aos seus conceitos.
( ) De reconhecimento dos direitos e deveres de cidadania, de respeito ao bem comum e à preservação do regime democrático e dos recursos ambientais.
( ) De justiça, solidariedade, liberdade e autonomia.
( ) De cultivo da sensibilidade juntamente com o da racionalidade; de enriquecimento das formas de expressão e do exercício da criatividade.
( ) De exigência de diversidade de tratamento para assegurar a igualdade de direitos entre os alunos que apresentam diferentes necessidades.
( ) De respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana e de compromisso com a promoção do bem de todos, contribuindo para combater e eliminar quaisquer manifestações de preconceito e discriminação.
( ) De busca da equidade no acesso à educação, à saúde, ao trabalho, aos bens culturais e outros benefícios.
( ) De valorização das diferentes manifestações culturais, especialmente as da cultura brasileira; de construção de identidades plurais e solidárias.
A sequência está correta em
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