Questões de Concurso Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

Foram encontradas 3.116 questões

Q1844316 Inglês
As in the Portuguese language, in the English language we find words that are written, pronounced and even look the same, but have totally different meanings. With regard to homonym, homograph and homophone, choose the CORRECT option: 
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Q1844307 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

National Sports Day 2021: The many benefits of playing sports
(1º§) For more than five decades, the scientific community has been working towards evidence on the positive effects of sports and physical activity as part of a healthy lifestyle.
(2º§) Regular physical activity can help children and adolescents improve cardiorespiratory fitness, build strong bones and muscles, control weight, reduce symptoms of anxiety, depression, and reduce the risk of developing health conditions.
(3º§) The World Health Organisation (WHO) stated that one in four patients visiting a health centre has at least one mental, neurological or behavioural disorder, but most are neither diagnosed nor treated.
(4º§) Several studies have shown that exercise may play a therapeutic role in addressing these disorders and positively influences depression.
(5º§) Physical self-worth and self-perception, including body image, have been linked to improved self-esteem. This is also relevant for children.
(6º§) Children who play sports have lower body fat, stronger muscles and bones, and increased cardiovascular fitness.
(7º§) They have a much lower risk of becoming overweight or obese and can create a foundation for a healthy lifestyle.
(8º§) Positive health outcomes are one of the significant benefits of youth sports participation.
(9º§) The pros of exercising:
(10º§) Many athletes do better academically: Playing a sport requires a lot of time and energy.
(11º§) Some people may think this would distract student-athletes from schoolwork.
(12º§) Sports require memorisation, repetition and learning - skill-sets that are directly relevant to classwork.
(13º§) Sport teaches teamwork and problem-solving skills: Fighting for a common goal with a group of players and coaches teaches you how to build teamwork and effectively communicate to solve problems.
(14º§) Physical health benefits of sports: Clearly, sports can help you reach your fitness goals and maintain a healthy weight.
(15º§) However, they also encourage healthy decision-making, such as not smoking and drinking. (16º§) Sports boost self-esteem: Watching your hard work pay off and achieving your goals develops self-confidence.
(17º§) Reduce pressure and stress with sports: Exercising is a natural way to loosen up and let go of stress.
Fonte: https://www.freepressjournal.in/lifestyle/national- s ports-day-2021-the-many-benefits-of-playing-sports > (adapted)
In the sentence "(4º§) Several studies have shown that exercise may play a therapeutic role in addressin g these disorders and positively influences depression." the underlined verb means:
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Q1831659 Inglês
How Africa will be affected by climate change
    The African continent will be hardest hit by climate change. There are four key reasons for this. First, African society is very closely coupled with the climate system; hundreds of millions of people depend on rainfall to grow their food. Second, the African climate system is controlled by an extremely complex mix of large-scale weather systems, many from distant parts of the planet and, in comparison with almost all other inhabited regions, is vastly understudied. It is therefore capable of all sorts of surprises. Third, the degree of expected climate change is large. The two most extensive land-based end-of-century projected decreases in rainfall anywhere on the planet occur over Africa; one over North Africa and the other over southern Africa. Finally, the capacity for adaptation to climate change is low; poverty equates to reduced choice at the individual level while governance generally fails to prioritise and act on climate change.
https://www.bbc.com/... - adapted. 
“Coupled with”, present in the text, means:
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Q1829782 Inglês


Available at:<https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/03/us/politics/
ufos-sighting-alien-spacecraft-pentagon.html>. Retrieved on:
July 7, 2021.
In the 6th paragraph of the text, the highlighted expression as well as, in the fragment “as well as ability to change direction and submerge” is associated with the idea of 
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Q1824851 Inglês

Available at <https://www.usbank.com/financialiq/ manage-your--household/personal-finance/covid-economy-expert-insights.html> . Retrieved on: Jul. 20, 2021. Adapted. 

In the 1st paragraph, in the fragment “it’s no secret the unique challenges of Covid-19 are profoundly shaping our economic climate”, the expression it’s no secret (that) means
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Q1812558 Inglês
Read the text to answer.

Teaching multicultural classes
Long hailed as a melting pot of cultures, America is home to millions of immigrants – whether their ancestors sailed across on the Mayflower or they moved to the country last week. Research by the National Center for Educational Statisticsfound that one-third of U.S. students are considered racial or ethnic minorities, a number that is set to increase to more than half by 2050. In this changing educational landscape, teachers are challenged with creating inclusive classrooms where students of all backgrounds feel represented and welcomed. For teachers with a classroom full of students of different backgrounds, the responsibility to connect with them goes beyond simply knowing where they’re from, or what their favorite subjects are. These teachers must strive to understand their students in a more holistic way, incorporating their cultural traditions into lessons and activities, so students feel understood, comfortable, and focused on learning. Culture is a broad term, and one that is not easily summed up. In her book Culture Learning: The Fifth Dimension on the Language Classroom, author Louise Damen defined culture as the “learned and shared human patterns or models for living; day-to-day living patterns that pervade all aspects of human social interaction. Culture is mankind’s primary adaptive mechanism”. Individuals from varied nationalities, ethnicities, and races all bring cultural traditions to their interactions, and it’s up to teachers to recognize, celebrate and share these different perspectives. Using different activities and games in multicultural classrooms is an excellent way to foster inclusivity and encourage students to share their heritage. It’s also a beneficial way for teachers to involve students in different styles of study to immerse them in their learning. Sharing about oneself within the confines of an activity is often much easier than being asked open-ended questions and put “on the spot”. These activities can then provide a safe space for dialogue and serve as an entryway into more in-depth interactions.
(Available: https://www.accreditedschoolsonline.org. Adapted.)
The term “culture” is not easily summed up because it is:
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Q1812557 Inglês
Read the text to answer.

English Language teaching as a social interprise
   In Communicative ELT (English Language Teaching), text genre analysis is essential to uncover the social and the cultural basis of language. The notion of genre has largely drawn the attention of many scholars. It is incontestable that a genre-based approach to teaching greatly improves learners’ skills, not only in academic settings, but also in professional scenarios. A genre--oriented approach to language teaching incorporates an understanding that language is purposeful and that structures emerge from use. Additionally, there is an increasing recognition of the relevance of taking into consideration language varieties, text--types, and text genres while designing reading and writing language programs. As Martin (2002) points out, genres have been defined as staged, goal-oriented social processes. In these terms, as a level of context, genres represent “the system of staged goal-oriented social processes through which social subjects in a given culture live their lives”. In ELT, the concept of text genre sheds light on the influence of the context of culture on language. From that viewpoint, every culture structures particular ways of achieving communication goals in a given context through the production of written and oral texts. The fact that English is considered the predominant language for communicating research findings makes it paramount  that users of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) develop proficiency in research English across the skills of reading and writing. In order to be part of the scientific community, EFL researchers need to understand “the social processes by which knowledge about reality and the world are made”, that is, they need to be able to understand several genres that are part of academic social practice. Failure to understand written genres as social action may result in instruction that encourages the creation of texts to fit formal requirements, as opposed to the practice of achieving social goals. Technology also plays a role in assisting second/foreign language (L2) writing instruction. The Internet, social networks and digital media may provide EFL learners with greater opportunities for meaningful and authentic language use, which are usually interactive, social and multimodal. Learners can interact with other speakers of the language from different parts of the world, write blogs or create webpages and profiles in social networks and produce both written and oral language with a targeted community of speakers in mind.
(Available: http://www.scielo.br. Adapted.)
Paramount, highlighted in the text, does NOT mean
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Q1812556 Inglês
Read the text to answer.

English Language teaching as a social interprise
   In Communicative ELT (English Language Teaching), text genre analysis is essential to uncover the social and the cultural basis of language. The notion of genre has largely drawn the attention of many scholars. It is incontestable that a genre-based approach to teaching greatly improves learners’ skills, not only in academic settings, but also in professional scenarios. A genre--oriented approach to language teaching incorporates an understanding that language is purposeful and that structures emerge from use. Additionally, there is an increasing recognition of the relevance of taking into consideration language varieties, text--types, and text genres while designing reading and writing language programs. As Martin (2002) points out, genres have been defined as staged, goal-oriented social processes. In these terms, as a level of context, genres represent “the system of staged goal-oriented social processes through which social subjects in a given culture live their lives”. In ELT, the concept of text genre sheds light on the influence of the context of culture on language. From that viewpoint, every culture structures particular ways of achieving communication goals in a given context through the production of written and oral texts. The fact that English is considered the predominant language for communicating research findings makes it paramount  that users of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) develop proficiency in research English across the skills of reading and writing. In order to be part of the scientific community, EFL researchers need to understand “the social processes by which knowledge about reality and the world are made”, that is, they need to be able to understand several genres that are part of academic social practice. Failure to understand written genres as social action may result in instruction that encourages the creation of texts to fit formal requirements, as opposed to the practice of achieving social goals. Technology also plays a role in assisting second/foreign language (L2) writing instruction. The Internet, social networks and digital media may provide EFL learners with greater opportunities for meaningful and authentic language use, which are usually interactive, social and multimodal. Learners can interact with other speakers of the language from different parts of the world, write blogs or create webpages and profiles in social networks and produce both written and oral language with a targeted community of speakers in mind.
(Available: http://www.scielo.br. Adapted.)
Analyse the use of that is, highlighted in the text. Mark the item which brings the connotation of that is in the context.
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Q1806171 Inglês

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Pensioners face £1,000 fine if they don't get TV licence this week


1º§ The BBC confirmed it will start to charge everyone for the licence from August 1, so you only have until Saturday before the change comes in. Anybody who watches live telly has to pay for a licence. Brits over the age of 75 used to get free TV licences, but the benefit was axed last year - unless you claim pension credit.

2º§ The government stopped funding the free licences for over-75s in 2015, handing the responsibility over to the BBC. But the BBC last year announced it would also pull the plug on the initiative to save cash.

3º§ There was a transition period set up because of the coronavirus crisis, which meant anyone who couldn't afford a TV licence wouldn't be fined. But that all comes to an end this weekend, and anyone without a licence that needs one after the end date of July 31 will face the fine.

4º§ The BBC has said that more than nine in 10 over-75s households have already made arrangements for a paid licence, or updated changes in their circumstances to entitle them to a free one. In its latest update on the changes, the broadcasting house said it would otherwise write to the remaining 260,000 customers who hadn't yet made arrangements. Over 2,838,000 people now have a paid-for licence.

5º§ Since the over-75s have been forced to pay the annual fee, the BBC has reportedly raked in an extra £250million in licence fees, and this will only go up with the end of the grace period looming. You'll want to make sure to get a licence before the deadline or risk paying the hefty fine. 6º§ You need a TV licence to watch or record live programmes on any channel in the UK, or if you're watching something live on a streaming service too.

7º§ If you're using those services but you don't pay the fee then you could face prosecution plus a fine of up to £1,000. To get one, it's going to cost you £159 for a standard colour TV licence, otherwise it's £53.50 for a black and white one.

8º§ You don't have to pay for the licence if you're over 75 and on Pension Credit though, but you'll need to apply for a free licence on the TV licensing website or call 0300 790 6117.

9º§ You can apply for a TV licence online or by calling 0300 790 6165. The fee you pay will last you a whole year and starts from the day that you buy it.

10º§ You'll want to make a note of when this is so you know when to renew it next year too - after 12 months you'll have to pay the £159 (or £53.50) all over again.

11º§ You'll only need one per household and it doesn't matter how many people live with you. But if you or someone you live with is blind or severely sight-impaired, you can get 50% off the fee.

12º§ If you live in a residential care home or sheltered accommodation, you may be able to apply for a reduced licence which will normally cost you £7.50 instead. Plus if you're a student you don't have to pay yourself as you can be covered by your parents licence despite living away from home, but you can't watch something plugged into the mains in this case.


source(adapted):https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/15704333/pensioners-face-fine-for-no-tv-licence-this-week/


(Adapted):https://www.thesun.co.uk/money/15704333/pensioners-face-fine-for-no-tv-licence-this-week/ 

Consider the §12 and the following assertives:


I.The "residential care home" could be translated as "casa de repouso".

II.In the context of the sentence in the paragraph, the word "cost" is an adverb.

III.The word "apply" could be replaced by "request".


Which one(s) is(are) CORRECT?

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Q1799267 Inglês

Concerning the text above, judge the item below.


The word “likely” (ℓ.14) conveys the idea of probability.

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Q1797759 Inglês
    In a nutshell, police officers maintain law and order, protect the general public, investigate crimes and prevent criminal activity from happening.
    If you become a police officer, your career will be all about crime prevention, prosecution and punishment. Policing is such a varied career path that you could find yourself doing all kinds of activities.
    You might be responsible for preventing heinous crimes and stopping dangerous criminal groups, such as organised crime syndicates. Alternatively, you might be working to diminish anti-social behaviour, or you might be taking part in counter-terrorism activities.
    Moreover, you might be responsible for investigating crimes against people and their property, or maintaining public peace and order at large events, public gatherings and protests.
     At all times, police officers must make sure their actions comply with current legislation. Consequently, police officers must keep up to date with the latest developments in crime detection and prevention.

Internet: <www.allaboutcareers.com> (adapted).

Concerning the text above, judge the following item.
In the last sentence of the text, the phrase “keep up to date with” means to meet the deadline.
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Q1797758 Inglês
    In a nutshell, police officers maintain law and order, protect the general public, investigate crimes and prevent criminal activity from happening.
    If you become a police officer, your career will be all about crime prevention, prosecution and punishment. Policing is such a varied career path that you could find yourself doing all kinds of activities.
    You might be responsible for preventing heinous crimes and stopping dangerous criminal groups, such as organised crime syndicates. Alternatively, you might be working to diminish anti-social behaviour, or you might be taking part in counter-terrorism activities.
    Moreover, you might be responsible for investigating crimes against people and their property, or maintaining public peace and order at large events, public gatherings and protests.
     At all times, police officers must make sure their actions comply with current legislation. Consequently, police officers must keep up to date with the latest developments in crime detection and prevention.

Internet: <www.allaboutcareers.com> (adapted).

Concerning the text above, judge the following item.
In the first sentence of the third paragraph, “heinous crimes” could be appropriately replaced by petty crimes.
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Q1797756 Inglês
    In a nutshell, police officers maintain law and order, protect the general public, investigate crimes and prevent criminal activity from happening.
    If you become a police officer, your career will be all about crime prevention, prosecution and punishment. Policing is such a varied career path that you could find yourself doing all kinds of activities.
    You might be responsible for preventing heinous crimes and stopping dangerous criminal groups, such as organised crime syndicates. Alternatively, you might be working to diminish anti-social behaviour, or you might be taking part in counter-terrorism activities.
    Moreover, you might be responsible for investigating crimes against people and their property, or maintaining public peace and order at large events, public gatherings and protests.
     At all times, police officers must make sure their actions comply with current legislation. Consequently, police officers must keep up to date with the latest developments in crime detection and prevention.

Internet: <www.allaboutcareers.com> (adapted).

Concerning the text above, judge the following item.
The phrase “In a nutshell”, in the beginning of the text, can be appropriately replaced by Briefly.
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Q1797755 Inglês
As technology continues to reshape nearly every sector of society, it is also transforming police work in the 21º century. Law enforcement leaders can now count on an arsenal of high-tech systems and tools that are designed to enhance public safety, catch criminals and save lives. 
    One of their options is the use of biometrics. Police have been using fingerprints to identify people for over a century. Now, in addition to facial recognition and DNA, there is an ever-expanding array of biometric characteristics being utilized by law enforcement and the intelligence community. These include voice recognition, palmprints, wrist veins, iris recognition, and even heartbeats.
    With comprehensive electronic databases now in place to more effectively use DNA and other biometric data, even the use of fingerprints to identify suspects has gone high-tech. For example, a CNBC report explains how police in London can now use a mobile INK (Identity Not Known) biometrics device to scan a suspect's fingerprints and in many cases reveal their identity within 60 seconds.

Internet: <onlinedegrees.sandiego.ed> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above. 
In the last paragraph, the words “comprehensive” and “report” can be correctly replaced with understanding and journalist without this changing the meaning of the text.
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Q1796213 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Why the world is becoming more allergic to food
   Inquiries into the deaths of British teenagers after eating buttermilk, sesame and peanut have highlighted the sometimes tragic consequences. Last year, a six-year-old girl in Western Australia died as the result of a dairy allergy.
   The rise in allergies in recent decades has been particularly noticeable in the West. Food allergy now affects about 7% of children in the UK and 9% of those in Australia, for example. Across Europe, 2% of adults have food allergies.
   Life-threatening reactions can be prompted even by traces of the trigger foods, meaning patients and families live with fear and anxiety. The dietary restrictions which follow can become a burden to social and family lives.
   While we can't say for sure why allergy rates are increasing, researchers around the world are working hard to find ways to combat this phenomenon.
   The increase in allergies is not simply the effect of society becoming more aware of them and better at diagnosing them.
   It is thought that allergies and increased sensitivity to foods are probably environmental, and related to Western lifestyles.
   We know there are lower rates of allergies in developing countries. They are also more likely to occur in urban rather than rural areas.
   Factors may include pollution, dietary changes and less exposure to microbes, which change how our immune systems respond.
   Migrants appear to show a higher prevalence of asthma and food allergy in their adopted country compared to their country of origin, further illustrating the importance of environmental factors.
SANTOS, Alexandra. 2019. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/health-46302780. Acesso em 14 jun. 2021. 
Mark the alternative which better describes the use of the word “rather” in “They are also more likely to occur in urban rather than rural areas”.
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Q1796210 Inglês
Leia o texto e responda à questão.

What Is the Lexical Approach?
   Linguist Michael Lewis literally wrote the book on the topic. His 1993 work, titled “The Lexical Approach: The State of ELT and a Way Forward,” put together the conceptual foundations for effectively teaching a second language.
   The idea is that grammar comes only second to Lexis, or words. But by “words,” we’re not talking about vocabulary or individual words here. We’re more interested in word “chunks,” or phrases—words that usually go together and are commonly found next to each other in the language.
   There are plenty of them in English: words that come as a set and signal the presence of the other, like Starsky and Hutch, Donkey and Shrek, Batman and Robin. Consider the following phrases:
• by the way
• abstract reasoning
• complete idiot
• best wishes
• make up your mind
• go to great lengths
   These words often go together and native speakers use them next to each other a lot.
   The lexical approach posits that languages are composed of these “chunks” and that the key to fluency in any language is the nuanced use of these phrases—which native speakers spew in daily conversations—without regard for grammatical soundness or word meaning. (If you think about it, native speakers don’t really consciously observe grammar rules every time they speak. They simply talk).
Adaptado de: FLUENTU. Disponível em: https://www.fluentu.com/blog/educator/lexical-approach-tolanguage-teaching/. Acesso em: 10 jun. 2021.
Mark the alternative in which the word “often” from “These words often go together and native speakers use them next to each other a lot” could be better replaced without change the meaning.
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Q1794192 Inglês
The plural of goose, wife, mouse and hero are, respectively:
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Q1794184 Inglês
Look at the given Map, then follow the instructions and choose the alternative which gives the information where you are supposed to get.
Imagem associada para resolução da questão
Go ahead in Church Road direction, turn right in Marina Drive, turn right in King´s Avenue. Then, after the theatre, turn right again in Victoria St., and you can appreciate Da Vinci´s masterpieces at the ______.

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Q1794182 Inglês
Look at the following data about some criminals and choose the alternative which best complete the blank spaces in the text.
Imagem associada para resolução da questão
Smokey Joe is _____ Skinny Bones. In fact, Chuck Scarface is ______ and Skinny Bones is ______ of the gang. Scarface is ______ of the three men. Skinny Bones is ______ Smokey Joe. Skinny Bones is ______ whereas Scarface is ______ of all. This gang is very dangerous. Scarface is ______ Smokey Joe. But be careful, because Skinny Bones is ______. Scarface is ______ Smokey Joe. However, Skinny Bones is a very clever thief. He is ______ of the gang. Scarface works ______ Skinny Bones but Smokey Joe is ______ thief the police has ever met! But he is quite rich though. He is ______ Scarface. In fact, Scarface is ______ and Skinny Bones is ______ of the gang. The police say that Skinny Bones is ______ and ______ criminal they have ever met! Due to his intelligence, he is ______ thief to catch! These are ______ criminals in Liverpool!
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Q1791835 Inglês



Internet: <https://www.nytimes.com/> (adapted).


Based on the text and considering the grammatical aspects of the English Language, judge the item.

The sentence “Professor Turing had written a user’s manual, but it was far from intuitive.” (lines from 14 to 16) can be correctly rewritten as Although Professor Turing had written a user’s manual, it was far from intuitive.
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Respostas
1381: A
1382: C
1383: A
1384: B
1385: A
1386: C
1387: B
1388: B
1389: D
1390: C
1391: E
1392: E
1393: C
1394: E
1395: B
1396: C
1397: D
1398: C
1399: X
1400: C