In Text I, the idea stated in italics corresponds to the meaning expressed by the boldfaced verb phrase in

The road sign above means that you _____ reduce speed.

In the fragments of the text: “they may lose the desire to master whatever task you are asking them to do” (lines 12-13) and “then you have to do more than just present lessons in the app” (lines 18-19), the verb forms in bold express the ideas, respectively, of

A synonym for earn, as the verb is used in the text, is

According to the context, the MODAL that adequately fills the blank is

Choose the correct verb form that completes the sentence below.          If the teenagers ________________ (not , drink) so much beer last night, they wouldn't have had an accident.

Why Bilinguals Are Smarter (By YUDHIJIT BHATTACHARJEE) 1. SPEAKING two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age. 
2. This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development. 
3. They were not wrong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles. (…) 
4. The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function — a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a sequence of directions while driving. (…) 
5. The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often — you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it. (…) 
6. Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University of California, San Diego, found that individuals with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in each language — were more resistant than others to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of bilingualism, the later the age of onset. 
7. Nobody ever doubted the power of language. But who would have imagined that the words we hear and the sentences we speak might be leaving such a deep imprint? 
(Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/18/opinion/sunday/thebenefits-of-bilingualism.html?_r=0. Acesso: 04/02/2013)
The words globalized (paragraph 01), considered (paragraph 02), blessing (paragraph 03), and like (paragraph 04), are respectively presented in text as:

Concerning the verb phrases will be looking for / will expect (L. 3) and is being made / is losing (L. 5; L. 6), one can say that the difference in either set of examples is, respectively, grounded in

Indicate which of the following verbs, combined with the same preposition, is similar in meaning to the underlined expression in “[…] different social and cultural environments will call for different strategies […]” (L. 8,9):

On paraphrasing the underlined words in “Whole communities, such as several in the Basquespeaking parts of northern Spain, have had their linguistic identity deliberately eliminated.” (L. 41,42) one might say that someone/ something

In the sentence “I truly think she will always be full of enthusiasm!” (ℓ.16-17), “will” is

The clauses in “places she’s been or people she’s met” (ℓ.5) are in the

In the clause ‘the greatest guy you could meet’ (ℓ.4), the modal verb “could” expresses

If the clause “she was the luckiest woman alive” (ℓ.2) had been used in the simple present tense, the verbal form “was” should be replaced by

In the clause “When I first met my friend Carol” (ℓ.1), the verbal form is in the

In the sentence “The rainbow troops must constantly defend their extremely poor school against plans to close it” (ℓ.15-16), the modal verb “must” expresses

The verb form “written” in “written in simple, conversational prose” (ℓ.8-9) is in the

The modal in “They can perfectly practice” (lines 12 and 13) implies

The word “teaching” in the phrase “language teaching problems” (lines 2 and 3) is used in the same way as in

The noun “growth” in the title is related, respectively, to the base form, the simple past, and the past participle in