Questões de Concurso
Sobre substantivos e compostos | nouns and compounds em inglês
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Mark the alternative in which a singular noun is correctly followed by its plural form.
Drug use has been prevalent for several decades in the United States. In general, the most used are tobacco, alcohol, opioids, marijuana, amphetamines, cocaine, and psychedelics, while among teens, alcohol, marijuana, and tobacco are the top three (Most Reported Substance Use among Adolescents Held Steady in 2022). Studies on the impact of smoking and vaping use in films have found evidence of increased risk among exposed children, indicating the process of causal association (Hassanein et al., 2022). Changes in recreational and medicinal regulation process have also brought modifications to some illicit substances, like marijuana and psychedelics, for those having gained legal status in states like California, Colorado, and Oregon. However, a study in Washington, a recreational state, illustrated no increases in marijuana use among 12th graders and a decrease of 22% in 10th graders. Despite these societal process change, cigarettes, marijuana, and alcohol still pose significant dangers to individuals, especially when abused. In recent years, the landscape of alcohol consumption has changed to include unsuspecting high-alcohol beverages like seltzers, marketing via social media, and businesses that historically did not provide, but now readily provide drinks, like movie theaters and “for here, or to go” off-premises sales. Alcohol abuse can result in a process of liver damage, impaired judgment, addiction, and increased risk of accidents and violence (Jones, 2020). Cigarettes contain harmful chemicals that can lead to severe respiratory issues, cardiovascular diseases, and various forms of cancer. Marijuana, although touted for its medicinal properties, can have adverse effects on the memorization process, concentration, and mental health, particularly among young users, therefore, these health concerns are deeper than ever, as marijuana potency has increased steadily over the last two decades.
(Available in: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent. Adapted. Accessed on: January 2026.)
3The text presented for reading and comprehension work for its topic of general interest – drug consumption among youngsters – is part of a project aimed at connecting curricular areas. While providing vocabulary expansion and improving informational level, linguistic knowledge development was also sought, since students reviewed and applied content already studied. Based on the observation of the highlighted word, the alternative whose plural form follows the same rule is:
Considering the vocabulary and semantic relations in the expressions, mark T, for true, and F, for false.
(__)In "one orange," "orange" functions as a noun referring to a fruit, whereas in "two orange fish," it identifies a color.
(__)In "three brown chickens," "three" is an ordinal numeral indicating the position of the chickens in a sequence.
(__)The word "chicken" may refer to an animal or to food in English, and its intended meaning depends on the communicative context.
(__)In "four green apples," "green" expresses quantity and "four" identifies a characteristic of the apples.
After analysis, select the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence of the items above, from top to bottom.
Considering the forms used, mark T, for true, and F, for false.
(__)"Fish" can occur with the same form after "one" and "two" in the examples.
(__)"Apples" marks plural through the addition of "-s."
(__)The expressions show that all English nouns form the plural through the same written change.
(__)Cardinal numerals such as "one" and "two" can contribute to the interpretation of quantity.
After analysis, select the alternative that presents the CORRECT sequence of the items above, from top to bottom.
Match the expressions in Column I with the categories in Column II.
COLUMN I
1."two new menu items." 2."third consecutive year." 3."teal and yellow." 4."chicken."
COLUMN II
(__)A food noun that can also name the animal from which the food comes. (__)An expression containing a cardinal numeral. (__)An expression containing an ordinal numeral. (__)Words identifying colors.
Select the alternative that presents the CORRECT association, from top to bottom.
Leia o texto a seguir.
The world cup debutants determined to prove nothing is impossible
When the 2026 FIFA World Cup kicks off on June 11 in Mexico City, it will set in motion a flurry of historic firsts.
A newly expanded 48-team tournament, three countries: the US, Canada and Mexico as hosts and we’ll also get to see four debutants in the shape of Curaçao, Jordan, Uzbekistan and Cape Verde.
It was in October of last year that Cape Verde, the African archipelago nation — with a population of just over half a million people — qualified for its first ever World Cup after beating Eswatini 3-0 to become the third-smallest country after Curaçao and Iceland eight years ago to make it through to football’s biggest stage.
It was a feat made even more impressive by the fact the Blue Sharks ended up four points ahead of traditional continental powerhouse Cameroon, topping their Confederation of African Football qualifying group in the process.
It’s no wonder the team’s head coach Pedro Leitão Brito — better known as Bubista — was beaming with pride when he dropped by the CNN studios in Atlanta recently as part of a visit to Mercedes-Benz stadium, where Cape Verde will begin their World Cup campaign on June 15 against the 2010 winners and reigning European champions, Spain.
“We are so excited. I think the people are so excited and we’re going to do our best for our people,” Bubista — a distinguished former captain and defender on the national team — told CNN Sports.
Bubista oversaw a truly history-making qualifying campaign. A sequence of results that included a highly impressive five straight wins, the highlight of which featured a never-to-be-forgotten 1-0 triumph over the Cameroonians in September 2025.
But it’s October 13, 2025, that will be indelibly etched into the memory of all who witnessed Cape Verde’s historic win against Eswatini. A victory that would spark frenzied celebrations of joy in the country’s capital city Praia.
“Our people are so excited and so happy. Our people in the world, it’s just so great for our qualification and now our people are so grateful for everything,” Bubista added.
Cape Verde may be about to play in a first ever World Cup, but the national team is no stranger to success when it comes to competing in the Africa Cup of Nations having reached the quarterfinals in 2013 and then again, a decade later. Bubista oversaw the latter campaign but now the head coach’s focus is fully on his team’s tournament opener against Spain.
“We know it’s a very difficult match … They have very good players. We will respect them but anything is possible. We’re going to do our best to show the world what we can do in football,” Bubista reflected.
“We know it’s a hard game, but we have our heart and team spirit and this is important for us. Our unity is our strength,” he added.
The Blue Sharks will arrive in the US with a talented squad including Villarreal’s Logan Costa, Paris Saint-Germain 18-year-old Fabio Domingos and 36-year-old Ryan Mendes, who is the country’s most-capped player — with more than 90 appearances for the national team — and is Cape Verde’s all-time leading goalscorer.
And then there’s the remarkable story of the Shamrock Rovers forward Roberto “Pico” Lopes who was born in Ireland, but when it comes to international football, represents Cape Verde, currently ranked 69th in the world.
Lopes had always wanted to play for Ireland but when that didn’t materialize, he ended up playing for his father’shomeland after famously being recruited through a LinkedIn message from then-team head coach Rui Águas. Initially Lopes ignored the first message sent in Portuguese as spam but not the second one sent a few months later in English.
Fonte: https://edition.cnn.com/sport/cape-verde-world-cup-debutants-nothing-isimpossible-spc. Excerto. Acessado em: 07/06/2026.
Brain rot
“Brain rot” is defined as “the supposed deterioration of a person’s mental or intellectual state, especially viewed as the result of overconsumption of material (now particularly online content) considered to be trivial or unchallenging. Also: something characterized as likely to lead to such deterioration”. The term gained new prominence as a term used to capture concerns about the impact of consuming excessive amounts of low-quality online content, especially on social media. The term increased in usage frequency by 230% between 2023 and 2024.
The first recorded use of “brain rot” was found in 1854 in Henry David Thoreau’s book Walden, which reports his experiences of living a simple lifestyle in the natural world. Thoreau criticizes society’s tendency to devalue complex ideas, or those that can be interpreted in multiple ways, in favour of simple ones, and sees this as indicative of a general decline in mental and intellectual effort: “While England endeavours to cure the potato rot, will not any endeavour to cure the brain-rot — which prevails so much more widely and fatally?”
The term has taken on new significance in the digital age. Initially gaining traction on social media platforms, the term is now seeing more widespread use, such as in mainstream journalism, amidst societal concerns about the negative impact of overconsuming online content.
Source: Oxford University Press. Adaptation.
Irregular nouns do not follow the standard pluralization rule. In light of this, analyze the following items.
I. You’ve got one feet in the wrong shoe.
II. Women are rethinking motherhood.
III. The hypotheses are being debunked.
It is CORRECT to state that:
I. Her extensive experience in multilingual classrooms has informed her current research agenda.
II. The conference showcased several innovative works addressing inclusive curriculum design.
III. Inclusive education should become standard practice in all public institutions.
IV. The ministry introduced new policies to regulate teacher certification standards.
Choose the alternative that correctly identifies whether the highlighted nouns are functioning as countable nouns (T = True / F = False).
"No, when I go to sea, I go as a simple sailor, right before the mast, plumb down into the forecastle, aloft there to the royal mast-head."
Match the words and expressions from Column 01 with their grammatical or lexical classifications in Column 02.
Column 01
(__)simple (__)sailor (__)forecastle (__)aloft (__)royal mast-head
Column 02
I.Noun referring to a crew member aboard a vessel.
II.Adverb indicating an elevated position on a ship.
III.Adjective describing a noun.
IV.Compound nautical noun referring to a location high on a mast.
V.Nautical noun referring to the forward section where sailors are accommodated.
Correlate the columns according to the grammatical or lexical classification of each highlighted term. Then choose the alternative containing the correct sequence.
I. The text uses the compound noun race meeting to describe the annual event, and it features a relative clause in the first paragraph (that hosts an annual horse racing meeting) which provides additional information about the beach.
II. The word attractions, in the third paragraph, is a countable noun used in the plural form to describe the features of Funtasia.
III. The phrasal verb cater for, in the first paragraph, is used incorrectly, standard English strictly requires the simple verb cater without the preposition for in this specific context.
Considering the statements above, which are CORRECT?
In which option does the noun ending in "f" have both regular (-s) and irregular (-ves) plurals?
During the class, they visited the library to research famous writers and read an interesting article about Shakespeare. The teacher asked the students to compare the old translations with the newer ones, noticing that some versions were better than others, because modern language is often more accessible. Fortunately, the students worked carefully and completed the activity successfully.
Identify the alternative in which the classifications of the highlighted nouns are correct.
I.The researcher adopted a innovative strategy during the final stage of the experiment.
II.The student bought an umbrella before attending the international conference.
III.The company hired a European consultant to supervise the financial department.
IV.The professor delivered an university lecture about language acquisition theories.
V.The engineer described a one-story building during the urban planning presentation.
Identify in which statements there is the correct employment of indefinite articles according to standard English grammar.
( ) The word ethos is uncountable because it refers to the guiding spirit, values, or character of a person, group, or culture.
( ) The word ethos names a general, continuous quality (a way of thinking/behaving).
( ) In the text, you could say two ethoses because it reÍers to an overarching spirit or attitude that applies to many people.
( ) The use of ethos is functional when the writer wants to talk about individual instances.
Which alternative CORRECTLY fills in the parentheses above?
Consider the following words taken from the text:
I. Stories.
II. Poetry.
III. Form.
IV. Fiction.
Which of the words contains only countable nouns as they are used in the text?
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