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Q3933647 Inglês

Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).

It is correct to conclude from the meaning of the words that compose the expression "sustainable-use reserves", as used in the first sentence of the last paragraph of text CB2A6, that it refers to 
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Q3933646 Inglês

Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).

The word 'indeed', as used in the second paragraph of text CB2A6, functions as 
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Q3933645 Inglês

Text CB2A6


ARPA is considered the biggest conservation program of its kind, successfully leveraging cross-sector support through a financing model that has inspired similar projects around the world, and delivered tangible outcomes on the Amazon forest conservation. The fund guarantees donations over the long term with a clearly defined scope, offering more stability to the implementation of the program.

“Investments indeed translated into a reduction of deforestation and reduction in CO2 emissions resulting from deforestation,” said Britaldo Soares, an associate researcher at the Center for Technology and Innovation at the Federal University of Minas Gerais, and lead author of a paper that analyzes ARPA‘s impact on forest conservation.

Soares and researchers from WWF and FUNBIO found that deforestation between 2008 and 2020 was between 9% and 39% lower in Amazonian protected areas benefiting from ARPA support, and that this helped avoid 104 million metric tons of CO2 emissions.

For Júlio Barbosa, a resident of the Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, ARPA has been important not just for creating conservation areas and infrastructure to support them, but also for strengthening local organizations, like cooperatives and deliberative councils.

ARPA focuses on traditional communities living within sustainable-use reserves, rather than Indigenous populations on Indigenous land, which are protected under different legislation. But the program also supports Indigenous populations who may live within the protected areas it targets and could even bring indirect benefits to other conservation areas, including Indigenous territories, as it helps maintain forest cover across the Amazon.


Internet: <https://news.mongabay.com>(adapted).

Considering the meanings conveyed in text CB2A6, choose the expression closest in meaning to "tangible outcomes" (first sentence of the first paragraph).
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Q3932503 Inglês
        When conducting a survey on the use of technology in the legislative process, one of the questions I asked was “Has the legislature, as an institution or in part, resisted technology based changes?” I asked this question based on my own experience with the Massachusetts Legislature. I spent 9 years working with legislators and senior staff, and the way they sometimes approached technology was at times comical―at times frightening. My friends and I watched on―and laughed―the first time a laptop computer or an iPhone made its way onto the floor of the Massachusetts House or Senate and the members gathered around it, acting as though they were looking at an artifact that had been dropped from Mars. I also saw an older legislative drafter become befuddled and angry when he was forced to start using the “track changes” and “comment” functions on Microsoft Word rather than marking up a bill with his beloved red pencil.

Sean J. Kealy. Technology & Legislative Drafting In The United States.
Internet:<sites.bu.edu>  (adapted).

Judge the following item concerning the previous text.


When conducting his survey, the author met an older drafter who did not want to change the way he worked with bills and red pencils.

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Q3932502 Inglês
        When conducting a survey on the use of technology in the legislative process, one of the questions I asked was “Has the legislature, as an institution or in part, resisted technology based changes?” I asked this question based on my own experience with the Massachusetts Legislature. I spent 9 years working with legislators and senior staff, and the way they sometimes approached technology was at times comical―at times frightening. My friends and I watched on―and laughed―the first time a laptop computer or an iPhone made its way onto the floor of the Massachusetts House or Senate and the members gathered around it, acting as though they were looking at an artifact that had been dropped from Mars. I also saw an older legislative drafter become befuddled and angry when he was forced to start using the “track changes” and “comment” functions on Microsoft Word rather than marking up a bill with his beloved red pencil.

Sean J. Kealy. Technology & Legislative Drafting In The United States.
Internet:<sites.bu.edu>  (adapted).

Judge the following item concerning the previous text.


The verb tense used in the survey question presented in the first sentence of the text indicates that there was no specific point in time respondents had to consider in their answers.

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Q3932498 Inglês
        Little attention has been devoted to legislation’s point of origin — the legislative drafting process. Such commentary as has been offered is essentially technical in nature. However, the relationship between drafter and text is the furthest thing from a technical, value-neutral enterprise.

        For example: a question confronted by every drafter and one with obvious ethical and political implications is, “How much is to be left to the drafter’s discretion?” Obviously, the drafter who less frequently inquires about the client’s desires will have greater latitude to exercise discretion and accordingly can play more of an “advocacy” role in shaping the legislation, a situation which can lead to his or her sidesteping the duty of abiding by a client’s decisions concerning the objectives of representation.

        But this is not to paint too malevolent a portrait of legislative drafting personnel. They are not a fifth column of subversives who pursue personal advocacy objectives in everything that they do. Indeed, many may even be unaware of their power. They are, though, continually called upon to exercise personal judgment in the performance of their duties. Such judgments are frequently policy judgments, and drafting decisions are often influenced consciously or subconsciously by the advocacy agenda of the individual drafter. The legislative drafter plays a more active role in the process than is generally accorded to the stereotypical scribe, laboring in nameless and faceless obscurity to produce a bill draft.

David Marcello. The Ethics and Politics of Legislative Drafting.
In: Tulane Law Review, vol. 70, p. 2437, 1996 (adapted). 

About the preceding text, judge the following item.


By using the expressions “‘advocacy’ role” (second sentence of the second paragraph) and “advocacy agenda” (forth sentence of the third paragraph), the author is referring specifically to people who have a degree in law and work in the legislative branch.

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Q3932497 Inglês
        Little attention has been devoted to legislation’s point of origin — the legislative drafting process. Such commentary as has been offered is essentially technical in nature. However, the relationship between drafter and text is the furthest thing from a technical, value-neutral enterprise.

        For example: a question confronted by every drafter and one with obvious ethical and political implications is, “How much is to be left to the drafter’s discretion?” Obviously, the drafter who less frequently inquires about the client’s desires will have greater latitude to exercise discretion and accordingly can play more of an “advocacy” role in shaping the legislation, a situation which can lead to his or her sidesteping the duty of abiding by a client’s decisions concerning the objectives of representation.

        But this is not to paint too malevolent a portrait of legislative drafting personnel. They are not a fifth column of subversives who pursue personal advocacy objectives in everything that they do. Indeed, many may even be unaware of their power. They are, though, continually called upon to exercise personal judgment in the performance of their duties. Such judgments are frequently policy judgments, and drafting decisions are often influenced consciously or subconsciously by the advocacy agenda of the individual drafter. The legislative drafter plays a more active role in the process than is generally accorded to the stereotypical scribe, laboring in nameless and faceless obscurity to produce a bill draft.

David Marcello. The Ethics and Politics of Legislative Drafting.
In: Tulane Law Review, vol. 70, p. 2437, 1996 (adapted). 

About the preceding text, judge the following item.


The text confronts the idea of neutrality of those whose work is to write texts that may become law.

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Q3932496 Inglês
        Little attention has been devoted to legislation’s point of origin — the legislative drafting process. Such commentary as has been offered is essentially technical in nature. However, the relationship between drafter and text is the furthest thing from a technical, value-neutral enterprise.

        For example: a question confronted by every drafter and one with obvious ethical and political implications is, “How much is to be left to the drafter’s discretion?” Obviously, the drafter who less frequently inquires about the client’s desires will have greater latitude to exercise discretion and accordingly can play more of an “advocacy” role in shaping the legislation, a situation which can lead to his or her sidesteping the duty of abiding by a client’s decisions concerning the objectives of representation.

        But this is not to paint too malevolent a portrait of legislative drafting personnel. They are not a fifth column of subversives who pursue personal advocacy objectives in everything that they do. Indeed, many may even be unaware of their power. They are, though, continually called upon to exercise personal judgment in the performance of their duties. Such judgments are frequently policy judgments, and drafting decisions are often influenced consciously or subconsciously by the advocacy agenda of the individual drafter. The legislative drafter plays a more active role in the process than is generally accorded to the stereotypical scribe, laboring in nameless and faceless obscurity to produce a bill draft.

David Marcello. The Ethics and Politics of Legislative Drafting.
In: Tulane Law Review, vol. 70, p. 2437, 1996 (adapted). 

About the preceding text, judge the following item.


In “But this is not to paint too malevolent a portrait” (first sentence of the third paragraph), “this” does not refer to a specific previous word, but to the entire statement made in the second paragraph.

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Q3932495 Inglês
        Little attention has been devoted to legislation’s point of origin — the legislative drafting process. Such commentary as has been offered is essentially technical in nature. However, the relationship between drafter and text is the furthest thing from a technical, value-neutral enterprise.

        For example: a question confronted by every drafter and one with obvious ethical and political implications is, “How much is to be left to the drafter’s discretion?” Obviously, the drafter who less frequently inquires about the client’s desires will have greater latitude to exercise discretion and accordingly can play more of an “advocacy” role in shaping the legislation, a situation which can lead to his or her sidesteping the duty of abiding by a client’s decisions concerning the objectives of representation.

        But this is not to paint too malevolent a portrait of legislative drafting personnel. They are not a fifth column of subversives who pursue personal advocacy objectives in everything that they do. Indeed, many may even be unaware of their power. They are, though, continually called upon to exercise personal judgment in the performance of their duties. Such judgments are frequently policy judgments, and drafting decisions are often influenced consciously or subconsciously by the advocacy agenda of the individual drafter. The legislative drafter plays a more active role in the process than is generally accorded to the stereotypical scribe, laboring in nameless and faceless obscurity to produce a bill draft.

David Marcello. The Ethics and Politics of Legislative Drafting.
In: Tulane Law Review, vol. 70, p. 2437, 1996 (adapted). 

About the preceding text, judge the following item.


The fragment of a sentence “greater latitude to exercise discretion” (second sentence of the second paragraph) can be, without this changing the original meaning of the text, replaced with greater possibilities to be discreet.

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Q3932348 Inglês

    Information systems play a critical role in supporting regulatory activities within pharmaceutical councils. Digital platforms are used to manage professional records, process licensing requests, store confidential data, and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. For this reason, system reliability and data integrity are considered essential requirements.
    All computational infrastructure must operate under strict security protocols. Access permissions are assigned according to professional roles, and user authentication mechanisms are implemented to prevent unauthorized entry. Sensitive information shall be encrypted both during transmission and at rest, reducing the risk of data exposure.
    System updates and maintenance procedures are performed periodically in order to correct vulnerabilities and improve performance. Any failure in system availability may compromise regulatory operations and disrupt essential public services. Therefore, contingency plans must be established to guarantee continuity in case of technical incidents.
    Additionally, analysts responsible for infrastructure and system development are expected to follow documented procedures and adhere to national data protection regulations. Continuous monitoring, logging of system activities, and regular audits contribute to transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency.

Considering the text and standard English usage, judge the following items.
In the sentence “system reliability and data integrity are considered essential requirements”, the plural verb form agrees with the subject.
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Q3932347 Inglês

    Information systems play a critical role in supporting regulatory activities within pharmaceutical councils. Digital platforms are used to manage professional records, process licensing requests, store confidential data, and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. For this reason, system reliability and data integrity are considered essential requirements.
    All computational infrastructure must operate under strict security protocols. Access permissions are assigned according to professional roles, and user authentication mechanisms are implemented to prevent unauthorized entry. Sensitive information shall be encrypted both during transmission and at rest, reducing the risk of data exposure.
    System updates and maintenance procedures are performed periodically in order to correct vulnerabilities and improve performance. Any failure in system availability may compromise regulatory operations and disrupt essential public services. Therefore, contingency plans must be established to guarantee continuity in case of technical incidents.
    Additionally, analysts responsible for infrastructure and system development are expected to follow documented procedures and adhere to national data protection regulations. Continuous monitoring, logging of system activities, and regular audits contribute to transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency.

Considering the text and standard English usage, judge the following items.
Rewriting “System updates are performed periodically in order to correct vulnerabilities” as System updates were performed periodically to correct vulnerabilities preserves the original meaning.
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Q3932342 Inglês

    Information systems play a critical role in supporting regulatory activities within pharmaceutical councils. Digital platforms are used to manage professional records, process licensing requests, store confidential data, and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. For this reason, system reliability and data integrity are considered essential requirements.
    All computational infrastructure must operate under strict security protocols. Access permissions are assigned according to professional roles, and user authentication mechanisms are implemented to prevent unauthorized entry. Sensitive information shall be encrypted both during transmission and at rest, reducing the risk of data exposure.
    System updates and maintenance procedures are performed periodically in order to correct vulnerabilities and improve performance. Any failure in system availability may compromise regulatory operations and disrupt essential public services. Therefore, contingency plans must be established to guarantee continuity in case of technical incidents.
    Additionally, analysts responsible for infrastructure and system development are expected to follow documented procedures and adhere to national data protection regulations. Continuous monitoring, logging of system activities, and regular audits contribute to transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency.

Considering the text and standard English usage, judge the following items.
The modal verb “must” in “All computational infrastructure must operate under strict security protocols” expresses obligation.
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Q3932340 Inglês

    Information systems play a critical role in supporting regulatory activities within pharmaceutical councils. Digital platforms are used to manage professional records, process licensing requests, store confidential data, and ensure compliance with legal and ethical standards. For this reason, system reliability and data integrity are considered essential requirements.
    All computational infrastructure must operate under strict security protocols. Access permissions are assigned according to professional roles, and user authentication mechanisms are implemented to prevent unauthorized entry. Sensitive information shall be encrypted both during transmission and at rest, reducing the risk of data exposure.
    System updates and maintenance procedures are performed periodically in order to correct vulnerabilities and improve performance. Any failure in system availability may compromise regulatory operations and disrupt essential public services. Therefore, contingency plans must be established to guarantee continuity in case of technical incidents.
    Additionally, analysts responsible for infrastructure and system development are expected to follow documented procedures and adhere to national data protection regulations. Continuous monitoring, logging of system activities, and regular audits contribute to transparency, accountability, and operational efficiency.

Considering the text and standard English usage, judge the following items.
According to the text, digital platforms are used exclusively for storing confidential data.
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Q3928975 Inglês
The distinction between "lexical prepositions" and "grammaticalized (functional) prepositions" is central to modern syntactic theory. Compare the following uses:
1. She is waiting for the bus.
2. The book is on the desk.
According to the criteria of Huddleston and Pullum regarding the status of prepositions as heads of phrases, it is correct to conclude that:
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Q3928974 Inglês
Most adjectives in English can be used both attributively and predicatively. However, some are restricted to a single position. Which of the following adjectives is restricted exclusively to the attributive position? 
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Q3928973 Inglês
Pronouns can serve various roles beyond simple substitution. In the sentence "It is raining quite heavily outside", the pronoun "It" is categorized as:
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Q3928972 Inglês
The complex noun phrase may contain various forms of post-modification. Examine the structure of the phrase underlined below: "The news that the treaty had been signed spread quickly across the continent." The bolded clause is syntactically identified as:
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Q3928971 Inglês
Verbs that take prepositional phrases as complements often present a challenge for syntactic classification. Analyze the sentence: "They reminded the passengers of the safety regulations."
The verb "remind" in this specific construction is best described as:
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Q3928970 Inglês
Apposition is a relationship between two noun phrases that are coreferential. Consider the following example: "The company’s CEO, a woman of great vision, decided to expand the business to Asia." Regarding the nature of this apposition, it is correct to state that:
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Q3928969 Inglês
Adjuncts are often categorized by their function and their degree of integration into the clause structure. According to the classification proposed by Quirk et al., examine the function of the underlined word in the sentence: "Frankly, the results of the survey were quite disappointing."
The element "Frankly" is functioning as a: 
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Respostas
1101: C
1102: C
1103: C
1104: E
1105: C
1106: E
1107: C
1108: C
1109: E
1110: C
1111: E
1112: C
1113: E
1114: A
1115: A
1116: C
1117: D
1118: B
1119: A
1120: C