Questões de Concurso
Sobre palavras conectivas | connective words em inglês
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Worm Infects Millions of Computers Worldwide
By JOHN MARKOFF
A new digital plague has hit the Internet, infecting millions of personal and usiness computers in what seems to be the first step of a multistage attack. The world's eading computer security experts do not yet know who programmed the infection, or what the next stage will be.
In recent weeks a worm, a malicious software program, has swept through corporate, educational and public computer networks around the world. Known as Conficker or Downandup, it is spread by a recently discovered Microsoft Windows vulnerability, by guessing network passwords and by hand-carried consumer gadgets like USB keys.
Experts say it is the
infection since the Slammer worm exploded through the Internet in January 2003, and it may have infected as many as nine million personal computers around the world.Worms like Conficker not only ricochet around the Internet at lightning speed, they harness infected computers into unified systems called botnets, which can then accept programming instructions from their clandestine masters.
Many computer users may not notice that their machines have been infected, and computer security researchers said they were waiting for the instructions to materialize, to determine what impact the botnet will have on PC users. It might operate in the background, using the infected computer to send spam or infect other computers, or it might steal the PC user's personal information.
Microsoft rushed an emergency patch to defend the Windows operating systems against this vulnerability in October, yet the worm has continued to spread even as the level of warnings has grown in recent weeks.
Earlier this week, security researchers at Qualys, a Silicon Valley security firm, estimated that about 30 percent of Windows-based computers attached to the Internet remain vulnerable to infection because they have not been updated with the patch, despite the fact that it was made available in October.
Unraveling the program has been particularly challenging because it comes with encryption mechanisms that hide its internal workings from those seeking to disable it.
The program uses an elaborate shell-game-style technique to permit someone to command it remotely. Each day it generates a new list of 250 domain names. Instructions from any one of these domain names would be obeyed. To control the botnet, an attacker would need only to register a single domain to send instructions to the botnet globally, greatly complicating the task of law enforcement and security companies trying to intervene and block the activation of the botnet.
Several computer security firms said that although Conficker appeared to have been written from scratch, it had parallels to the work of a suspected Eastern European criminal gang that has profited by sending programs known as "scareware" to personal computers that seem to warn users of an infection and ask for credit card numbers to pay for bogus antivirus software that actually further infects their computer.
One intriguing clue left by the malware authors is that the first version of the program checked to see if the computer had a Ukrainian keyboard layout. If it found it had such a keyboard, it would not infect the machine, according to Phillip Porras, a security investigator at SRI International who has disassembled the program to determine how it functioned.
(Adapted from The New York Times)
"After all" (l.5) is equivalent to Eventually.
Judge - right (C) or wrong (E) - the following items with
reference to the text.
City hall braces for busy marriage day
If love is all you need, you’ll want for nothing in New York Thursday.
The folks who hand out marriage licenses are bracing for what could be their busiest day ever as Valentine’s Day romantics head to the aisle.
“When we are really busy, we have a second chapel we can open,” said First Deputy City Clerk Michael McSweeney. “We are preparing to do that. We’re expecting a lot of couples.”
City Hall’s unofficial record of 318 weddings on that date was set on Valentine’s Day 2002 - also on a Thursday.
And love is definitely in the air Thursday.
Melanie and Joseph Castine married on Valentine’s Day 10 years ago. Today, they’re renewing their vows in the same venue - the Empire State Building.
The couple, who recently moved from Roosevelt Island to Philadelphia, won a letter-writing competition with Brides.com to become one of 14 pairs tying the knot in the iconic building.
“Valentine’s Day is just the perfect day to do it,” said Melanie Castine, who, with her hubby, has been at the skyscraper every year to mark their anniversary.
“Everywhere you go in Manhattan, you can see the Empire State Building. It’s a constant reminder of our marriage. We call it our chapel in the sky.”
Meanwhile, love is being put on ice at one of the city’s most romantic spots.
Rockefeller Center is preparing to clear its rink at 8 p.m for a skater planning to get down on one knee for a surprise engagement.
“It’s a big surprise for her, but we’re sure it’s going to be extremely romantic,” a rink spokeswoman said.
(Available from: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2008/02/14/2008-02-14 city hall braces for busy marriage day-1.html cited: 14 Feb. 2008)
City hall braces for busy marriage day
If love is all you need, you’ll want for nothing in New York Thursday.
The folks who hand out marriage licenses are bracing for what could be their busiest day ever as Valentine’s Day romantics head to the aisle.
“When we are really busy, we have a second chapel we can open,” said First Deputy City Clerk Michael McSweeney. “We are preparing to do that. We’re expecting a lot of couples.”
City Hall’s unofficial record of 318 weddings on that date was set on Valentine’s Day 2002 - also on a Thursday.
And love is definitely in the air Thursday.
Melanie and Joseph Castine married on Valentine’s Day 10 years ago. Today, they’re renewing their vows in the same venue - the Empire State Building.
The couple, who recently moved from Roosevelt Island to Philadelphia, won a letter-writing competition with Brides.com to become one of 14 pairs tying the knot in the iconic building.
“Valentine’s Day is just the perfect day to do it,” said Melanie Castine, who, with her hubby, has been at the skyscraper every year to mark their anniversary.
“Everywhere you go in Manhattan, you can see the Empire State Building. It’s a constant reminder of our marriage. We call it our chapel in the sky.”
Meanwhile, love is being put on ice at one of the city’s most romantic spots.
Rockefeller Center is preparing to clear its rink at 8 p.m for a skater planning to get down on one knee for a surprise engagement.
“It’s a big surprise for her, but we’re sure it’s going to be extremely romantic,” a rink spokeswoman said.
(Available from: http://www.nydailynews.com/news/2008/02/14/2008-02-14 city hall braces for busy marriage day-1.html cited: 14 Feb. 2008)
Oil is the largest source of liquid fuel and, in spite of attempts to develop synthetic fuels, world consumption of oil
products in increasing.
The oil industry is not much more than a hundred years old. It began when the first oil well was drilled in 1859. In the
early days, oil was used to light houses because there was no electricity and gas was very scarce. Later, people began to use oil
for heating too.
Most industries use machinery to make things. Every machine needs oil in order to run easily. Even a small clock or watch
needs a little oil from time to time.
The engines of many machines use oil fuels petrol, kerosene or diesel. Cars, buses, trucks, tractors, and small aircraft use
petroleum chemicals: synthetic rubber, plastics, synthetic fiber materials for clothes and for the home, paints, materials which
help to stop rust, photographic materials, soap and cleaning materials (detergents), drugs, fertilizers for farms and gardens, food
containers, and may others.
In 1900 the world’s oil production was less than 2 million tons a year. Today the oil industry is one of the world’s largest
and most important suppliers of raw materials.
The web makes waves in Brazil
A Laptop Designed to Take a Licking and Keep on Ticking
By JOHN BIGGS
“All terrain” is not usually a designation associated with things as delicate as hard drives and high-speed memory chips. Dell, however, is betting that its Latitude ATG D620 − the ATG stands for All-Terrain Grade − can change that. The ATG D620, which Dell says is designed to military specifications, includes a spill-resistant keyboard, heavy-duty case and 14-inch screen, which is visible in direct sunlight. It weighs about 6 pounds with the optical disk drive and battery installed, and is about 2 inches thick. The laptop comes in a metal-and-black finish with protective coverings on its serial, video out, modem, Ethernet and four U.S.B. ports. Inside the hard shell is an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, running at up to 2 gigahertz, and up to 4 gigabytes of memory. The least expensive model ($2,499) runs at 1.6 gigahertz and includes an 80-gigabyte drive and 512 megabytes of memory. Dell includes a fingerprint scanner for security, while military and other security-conscious users can enable the laptop’s built-in Smart Card reader and other data encryption technology. ...... it won’t survive a dunk in the deep, the ATG D620 can survive a splash of mud or a good, hard drop. (Adapted from The New York Times, January 25, 2007)
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