Questões de Concurso
Sobre palavras conectivas | connective words em inglês
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TEXT 3:

Read the sentence and choose the alternative in which the underlined word does not have the same grammar function as the one in the sentence below.
“Labeling a food as ‘free’ of a certain nutrient, whether salt, sugar, or fat, means it has none, or a ‘physiologically inconsequential’ amount of that nutrient, according to the FDA.”
Available in: http://health.usnews.comnews
I. “Six months ago, saving Libya from potential atrocities inspired by Moammar Gadhafi meant establishing a no- fly zone over the country, all the better to protect Benghazi, the rebel stronghold in the east. ____________ classic mission creep set in and the NATO forces, Canada among them, were bombing Tripoli and clearly trying to eliminate Africa’s longest-standing dictator and his sons (while denying that was the goal).”
II. “Like all early civilisations Ancient Greece was an agricultural society. Most of the people lived by farming and the main form of wealth was owning land. In each city there was an upper class and a middle class of men like substantial farmers, doctors and teachers. ____________ the vast majority of people were peasants and craftsmen or slaves. Slavery was common. (It is estimated that about 30% of the population of Athens was made up of slaves). If they worked in rich peoples homes slaves could be reasonably treated. However by law owners were allowed to flog slaves. Those slaves who worked in mines probably suffered the most.”
III. “Older people are facing a scarcity of qualified nurses to care for them ____________ the Government changes its policy on undergraduate education, a leading nursing organisation has warned. The All-Ireland Gerontological Nurses Association (AIGNa) is calling for the urgent introduction of specialised nursing degree courses in care for older people – as an estimated 700 jobs remain unfilled in the sector.”
The alternative that respectively brings the correct connective for each one is:

Choose a good substitute for while in:
“a majority of Americans, while opposing Obamacare, strongly support most of its provisions"
Complications of replacement therapy include:
- Developing antibodies (proteins) that attack the clotting factor
- Developing viral infections from human clotting factors
- Damage to joints, muscles, or other parts of the body resulting from delays in treatment
Antibodies to the clotting factor.
Antibodies can destroy the clotting factor before it has a chance to work. This is a very serious problem. It prevents the main treatment for hemophilia (replacement therapy) from working. These antibodies, also called inhibitors, develop in about 20-30 percent of people who have severe hemophilia A. Inhibitors develop in 2-5 percent of people who have hemophilia B
When antibodies develop, doctors may use larger doses of clotting factor or try different clotting factor sources. Sometimes the antibodies go away. Researchers are studying new ways to deal with antibodies to clotting factors.
Viruses from human clotting factors.
Clotting factors made from human blood can carry the viruses that cause HIV/AIDS and hepatitis. ....I.... , the risk of getting an infectious disease from human clotting factors is very small due to:
- Careful screening of blood donors
- Testing of donated blood products
- Treating donated blood products with a detergent and heat to destroy viruses - Vaccinating people who have hemophilia for hepatitis A and B
Damage to joints, muscles, and other parts of the body.
Delays in treatment can cause damage such as:
- Bleeding into a joint. If this happens many times, it can lead to changes in the shape of the joint and impair the joint's function.
- Swelling of the membrane around a joint. - Pain, swelling, and redness of a joint.
- Pressure on a joint from swelling, which can destroy the joint.
(Adapted from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/ topics/hemophilia/treatment.html)
Rare earths are 17 chemically similar elements crucial to making many hi-tech products, such as phones and PCs. The Critical Materials Institute will be located in Ames, Iowa.
The US wants to reduce its dependency on China, which produces more than 95% of the world’s rare earth elements, and address local shortages. According to the US Geological Survey, there may be deposits of rare earths in 14 US states. Besides being used for hi-tech gadgets, the elements are also crucial for manufacturing low-carbon resources such as wind turbines, solar panels and electric cars, said David Danielson, the US assistant secretary for renewable energy.
Rare earth elements are also used for military applications, such as advanced optics technologies, radar and radiation detection equipment, and advanced communications systems, according to a 2011 research report by the US Government Accountability Office. From the 1960s until the 1980s, the Mountain Pass mine in California made the US the world leader in rare earth production, but it was later closed, largely due to competition with the elements imported from China.
At the moment, the regulations surrounding rare earths mining in the US are very strict, an expert on the materials from Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden told the BBC. “The Mountain Pass mine was [also] closed down for environmental reasons,” said Prof Ekberg.
Rare earths are 17 chemically similar elements crucial to making many hi-tech products, such as phones and PCs. The Critical Materials Institute will be located in Ames, Iowa.
The US wants to reduce its dependency on China, which produces more than 95% of the world’s rare earth elements, and address local shortages. According to the US Geological Survey, there may be deposits of rare earths in 14 US states. Besides being used for hi-tech gadgets, the elements are also crucial for manufacturing low-carbon resources such as wind turbines, solar panels and electric cars, said David Danielson, the US assistant secretary for renewable energy.
Rare earth elements are also used for military applications, such as advanced optics technologies, radar and radiation detection equipment, and advanced communications systems, according to a 2011 research report by the US Government Accountability Office. From the 1960s until the 1980s, the Mountain Pass mine in California made the US the world leader in rare earth production, but it was later closed, largely due to competition with the elements imported from China.
At the moment, the regulations surrounding rare earths mining in the US are very strict, an expert on the materials from Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden told the BBC. “The Mountain Pass mine was [also] closed down for environmental reasons,” said Prof Ekberg.






