Questões de Concurso
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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Available at:< https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/magazine/a-diagnosis-update-a-young-womans-extreme-muscle-pain-persists.html>.
Acess on: Aug. 10, 2018
Assinale com V as afirmativas verdadeiras e com F as falsas levando em consideração o Texto I.
( ) The doctors said Angel would need intravenous fluids to flush out those destructive pieces of broken-down muscle to prevent any permanent injury to her kidneys.
( ) The doctors said her disease was probably genetic, as the first symptoms started so early in life.
( ) The doctors also suggest that it could be an autoimmune disease which effects the process that provide energy to muscles.
( ) The doctors found that the pain was caused by the destruction of muscle fibers and her urine turned as dark as Coca-Cola, from pigments that make muscle red.
Marque a sequência correta.
Available at:< https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/magazine/a-diagnosis-update-a-young-womans-extreme-muscle-pain-persists.html>.
Acess on: Aug. 10, 2018
Available at:< https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/10/magazine/a-diagnosis-update-a-young-womans-extreme-muscle-pain-persists.html>.
Acess on: Aug. 10, 2018
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions. The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.Choose the alternative which presents the importance of Teaching English as a second language.
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.Match them to their characteristics.
Column 1 Methods
1. The Grammar Translation Method. 2. The Direct Method. 3. The Audiolingual Method.
Column 2 Characteristics
( ) This Method states that the second language learning should be more like first language learning – lots of oral interaction and there isn’t any analysis on grammatical rules. ( ) Its focus is on grammatical rules, memorization of vocabulary, translation of texts. ( ) It has its focus on oral activities – no grammar nor translation.
Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions. The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions. The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions. The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions. The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.1. The country where people buy the most fair-trade products is the US. 2. The fair trade movement goes back to the 1960s. 3. By changing from selling raw materials to processed products, profits can increase significantly.
Mark the alternative which indicate all the true statements.
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.( ) an example of higher profits by making a change to what producers sell ( ) the reasons why some of the poorest people can’t participate in fair trade ( ) the number of fair-trade products sold when they first appeared in stores ( ) the people who started the fair trade movement ( ) pressure from consumers on companies and stores
The correct sequence from top to bottom, is:
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.In paragraph 3, the author outlines how consumers can influence changes.
Which of the following is mentioned as an example of this?
The fair trade movement, which aims
ensure that fair prices are paid to producers in
developing countries, is one of the true global success
stories recent decades. The International
Fairtrade Certification Mark, a guarantee that producers are getting a fair price, has become one of the
most recognizable logos the world, which
91 percent of customers associate positive
values. When the logo first appeared in the UK, the
country where the largest number of fair-trade products are sold, nobody expected that the number of
certified products would grow from only 3 to over
4,500 in just 18 years. In 2011, people around the
world spent more than 6.5 billion US dollars on fair-
-trade certified goods, signifying a 12 percent increase
in sales from the previous year. This was at a time
when most market segments in the developed world
were still shrinking or stagnating from the after effects
of the 2008 banking crisis. Over 1.2 million farmers
and workers living in 66 countries benefit from fair-
-trade certification by being able to sell their products
at competitive prices, to ensure sustainability.
Fair-trade initiatives have been growing steadily since the late 1960s, when the fair trade
movement started with only a handful of committed
individuals in the West who believed there was an
alternative to the exploitation of farmers and workers
in the developing world. Fair trade ensures fair prices
for suppliers, as well as payment of a premium that
can be reinvested in the local communities (for example, in schools or sanitation) or in improving productivity. In India, for instance, a group of rice farmers used
the premium to buy farm machinery, which meant a
30 percent improvement in production.
As consumers look for, and recognize, the logo
and purchase fair-trade products, they put
pressure on companies and governments to do more
for global welfare. They also put pressure on supermarkets to sell fair-trade goods at the same price as
conventional products, shifting the extra costs involved from consumers to the corporations that collect
the profits.
Critics of the fair trade movement say it is still
not doing enough. They stress that the key to
long-term development is not in small local improvements, but in moving the developing world from
the production of raw materials into processing them,
which can bring in greater profit. There are already some signs of this happening. A group of tea growers
in Kenya recently set up a processing factory to deliver the final products directly to their customers in
the West. By switching from the export of raw tea to
boxed fair-trade products, they achieved 500 percent
higher profits.
It is important to realize that, despite all of its
benefits, the fair trade movement has its limitations. Some of the poorest farmers can’t afford to pay
the certification fees required for each fair-trade initiative, while others work for big, multinational employers that are excluded from participating. Fair trade is
certainly a step in the right direction, but there is a lot
more we must continue to do in order to help people
in the world’s poorest regions.Read the text and mark the CORRECT alternative form question:
Windsurfing around Britain
Kevin Cookston, a 23-year-old engineering student, has been keen on windsurfing for many years. Recently, he set a new record for travelling all the way round the coast of Great Britain on a windsurf board.
'I don‟t really know why I did it,‟ says Kevin, ‟just for the fun of it, I suppose. It was there to be done, that was all.‟ Despite lacking both the obsessive ambition and the funds that normally go with attempts to break records, Kevin made the journey in eight weeks and six days, knocking one week off the previous record set in 1984.
Leaving from Exmouth in the south-west of England, Kevin travelled up the west coast of England and Wales, before going round the top of Scotland and then coming back down the other side. The journey officially covered 2.896 kilometres, although given the changes of direction to find the right wind paths, the actual distance Kevin travelled is probably closer to 4.000 km.
Kevin fitted his fitness training in around his final year university examinations. ‟I didn‟t have that much time to prepare,‟ he explains. ‟But I went running often and supplemented that with trips to the gym to do weight training. I found I got a lot better during the trip itself actually. At the start, I was tired and needed a rest after four hours, but by the end I found I could do ten hours in a row no trouble.‟
Kevin had a budget of £7.000 to cover the whole expedition. The previous record had been set with a budget twice that size, while a recent unsuccessful attempt had cost £40.000. Budgets have to meet the cost of fuel, food and accommodation for the support team, as well as the windsurfer's own equipment and expenses.
Previous contenders had been accompanied by a boat on which they slept at night, as well as a fleet of vehicles on land to carry their supplies. Kevin made do with an inflatable rubber boat and an old van manned by four friends who followed his progress. Overnight arrangements had to be found along the way. Apart from the odd occasion when they enjoyed the hospitality of friends, the team made use of the camping equipment carried in the van, and slept on the beach.
When asked if his athlete‟s diet was a closely kept secret, Kevin replied that he ate a lot of pasta and added the odd tin of tuna to keep up his energy. ‟Basically, we had anything that was on special offer in the nearest supermarket, he confided.
Such a prolongued period of gruelling windsurfing made relaxation important however, and for this, Kevin favoured the pub method. This also provided social opportunities.“The people we met were really encouraging he recalls“. 'They thought what we were doing was really great. It was hard work, but we had a lot of fun along the way“.
Kevin has been windsurfing since he was thirteen years old and he is also a highly-ranked competitor at national level. ‟I don‟t know where I‟m ranked now,‟ he says, `because I‟ve missed a lot of important competitions this year. But what I did has more than made up for that and I‟ll be doing my best to be up there amongst the winners once I get back into the competitive sport next season‟. Given his unique achievement this year, Kevin seems well-placed to take on the world‟s top windsurfers.
Fonte: First Certificate Practice Tests Plus 1, pg 116 Kenny/ Luque-Mortimer, Ed. Longman
Read the text and mark the CORRECT alternative form question:
Windsurfing around Britain
Kevin Cookston, a 23-year-old engineering student, has been keen on windsurfing for many years. Recently, he set a new record for travelling all the way round the coast of Great Britain on a windsurf board.
'I don‟t really know why I did it,‟ says Kevin, ‟just for the fun of it, I suppose. It was there to be done, that was all.‟ Despite lacking both the obsessive ambition and the funds that normally go with attempts to break records, Kevin made the journey in eight weeks and six days, knocking one week off the previous record set in 1984.
Leaving from Exmouth in the south-west of England, Kevin travelled up the west coast of England and Wales, before going round the top of Scotland and then coming back down the other side. The journey officially covered 2.896 kilometres, although given the changes of direction to find the right wind paths, the actual distance Kevin travelled is probably closer to 4.000 km.
Kevin fitted his fitness training in around his final year university examinations. ‟I didn‟t have that much time to prepare,‟ he explains. ‟But I went running often and supplemented that with trips to the gym to do weight training. I found I got a lot better during the trip itself actually. At the start, I was tired and needed a rest after four hours, but by the end I found I could do ten hours in a row no trouble.‟
Kevin had a budget of £7.000 to cover the whole expedition. The previous record had been set with a budget twice that size, while a recent unsuccessful attempt had cost £40.000. Budgets have to meet the cost of fuel, food and accommodation for the support team, as well as the windsurfer's own equipment and expenses.
Previous contenders had been accompanied by a boat on which they slept at night, as well as a fleet of vehicles on land to carry their supplies. Kevin made do with an inflatable rubber boat and an old van manned by four friends who followed his progress. Overnight arrangements had to be found along the way. Apart from the odd occasion when they enjoyed the hospitality of friends, the team made use of the camping equipment carried in the van, and slept on the beach.
When asked if his athlete‟s diet was a closely kept secret, Kevin replied that he ate a lot of pasta and added the odd tin of tuna to keep up his energy. ‟Basically, we had anything that was on special offer in the nearest supermarket, he confided.
Such a prolongued period of gruelling windsurfing made relaxation important however, and for this, Kevin favoured the pub method. This also provided social opportunities.“The people we met were really encouraging he recalls“. 'They thought what we were doing was really great. It was hard work, but we had a lot of fun along the way“.
Kevin has been windsurfing since he was thirteen years old and he is also a highly-ranked competitor at national level. ‟I don‟t know where I‟m ranked now,‟ he says, `because I‟ve missed a lot of important competitions this year. But what I did has more than made up for that and I‟ll be doing my best to be up there amongst the winners once I get back into the competitive sport next season‟. Given his unique achievement this year, Kevin seems well-placed to take on the world‟s top windsurfers.
Fonte: First Certificate Practice Tests Plus 1, pg 116 Kenny/ Luque-Mortimer, Ed. Longman
Read the text and mark the CORRECT alternative form question:
Windsurfing around Britain
Kevin Cookston, a 23-year-old engineering student, has been keen on windsurfing for many years. Recently, he set a new record for travelling all the way round the coast of Great Britain on a windsurf board.
'I don‟t really know why I did it,‟ says Kevin, ‟just for the fun of it, I suppose. It was there to be done, that was all.‟ Despite lacking both the obsessive ambition and the funds that normally go with attempts to break records, Kevin made the journey in eight weeks and six days, knocking one week off the previous record set in 1984.
Leaving from Exmouth in the south-west of England, Kevin travelled up the west coast of England and Wales, before going round the top of Scotland and then coming back down the other side. The journey officially covered 2.896 kilometres, although given the changes of direction to find the right wind paths, the actual distance Kevin travelled is probably closer to 4.000 km.
Kevin fitted his fitness training in around his final year university examinations. ‟I didn‟t have that much time to prepare,‟ he explains. ‟But I went running often and supplemented that with trips to the gym to do weight training. I found I got a lot better during the trip itself actually. At the start, I was tired and needed a rest after four hours, but by the end I found I could do ten hours in a row no trouble.‟
Kevin had a budget of £7.000 to cover the whole expedition. The previous record had been set with a budget twice that size, while a recent unsuccessful attempt had cost £40.000. Budgets have to meet the cost of fuel, food and accommodation for the support team, as well as the windsurfer's own equipment and expenses.
Previous contenders had been accompanied by a boat on which they slept at night, as well as a fleet of vehicles on land to carry their supplies. Kevin made do with an inflatable rubber boat and an old van manned by four friends who followed his progress. Overnight arrangements had to be found along the way. Apart from the odd occasion when they enjoyed the hospitality of friends, the team made use of the camping equipment carried in the van, and slept on the beach.
When asked if his athlete‟s diet was a closely kept secret, Kevin replied that he ate a lot of pasta and added the odd tin of tuna to keep up his energy. ‟Basically, we had anything that was on special offer in the nearest supermarket, he confided.
Such a prolongued period of gruelling windsurfing made relaxation important however, and for this, Kevin favoured the pub method. This also provided social opportunities.“The people we met were really encouraging he recalls“. 'They thought what we were doing was really great. It was hard work, but we had a lot of fun along the way“.
Kevin has been windsurfing since he was thirteen years old and he is also a highly-ranked competitor at national level. ‟I don‟t know where I‟m ranked now,‟ he says, `because I‟ve missed a lot of important competitions this year. But what I did has more than made up for that and I‟ll be doing my best to be up there amongst the winners once I get back into the competitive sport next season‟. Given his unique achievement this year, Kevin seems well-placed to take on the world‟s top windsurfers.
Fonte: First Certificate Practice Tests Plus 1, pg 116 Kenny/ Luque-Mortimer, Ed. Longman
Read the text and mark the CORRECT alternative form question:
Windsurfing around Britain
Kevin Cookston, a 23-year-old engineering student, has been keen on windsurfing for many years. Recently, he set a new record for travelling all the way round the coast of Great Britain on a windsurf board.
'I don‟t really know why I did it,‟ says Kevin, ‟just for the fun of it, I suppose. It was there to be done, that was all.‟ Despite lacking both the obsessive ambition and the funds that normally go with attempts to break records, Kevin made the journey in eight weeks and six days, knocking one week off the previous record set in 1984.
Leaving from Exmouth in the south-west of England, Kevin travelled up the west coast of England and Wales, before going round the top of Scotland and then coming back down the other side. The journey officially covered 2.896 kilometres, although given the changes of direction to find the right wind paths, the actual distance Kevin travelled is probably closer to 4.000 km.
Kevin fitted his fitness training in around his final year university examinations. ‟I didn‟t have that much time to prepare,‟ he explains. ‟But I went running often and supplemented that with trips to the gym to do weight training. I found I got a lot better during the trip itself actually. At the start, I was tired and needed a rest after four hours, but by the end I found I could do ten hours in a row no trouble.‟
Kevin had a budget of £7.000 to cover the whole expedition. The previous record had been set with a budget twice that size, while a recent unsuccessful attempt had cost £40.000. Budgets have to meet the cost of fuel, food and accommodation for the support team, as well as the windsurfer's own equipment and expenses.
Previous contenders had been accompanied by a boat on which they slept at night, as well as a fleet of vehicles on land to carry their supplies. Kevin made do with an inflatable rubber boat and an old van manned by four friends who followed his progress. Overnight arrangements had to be found along the way. Apart from the odd occasion when they enjoyed the hospitality of friends, the team made use of the camping equipment carried in the van, and slept on the beach.
When asked if his athlete‟s diet was a closely kept secret, Kevin replied that he ate a lot of pasta and added the odd tin of tuna to keep up his energy. ‟Basically, we had anything that was on special offer in the nearest supermarket, he confided.
Such a prolongued period of gruelling windsurfing made relaxation important however, and for this, Kevin favoured the pub method. This also provided social opportunities.“The people we met were really encouraging he recalls“. 'They thought what we were doing was really great. It was hard work, but we had a lot of fun along the way“.
Kevin has been windsurfing since he was thirteen years old and he is also a highly-ranked competitor at national level. ‟I don‟t know where I‟m ranked now,‟ he says, `because I‟ve missed a lot of important competitions this year. But what I did has more than made up for that and I‟ll be doing my best to be up there amongst the winners once I get back into the competitive sport next season‟. Given his unique achievement this year, Kevin seems well-placed to take on the world‟s top windsurfers.
Fonte: First Certificate Practice Tests Plus 1, pg 116 Kenny/ Luque-Mortimer, Ed. Longman
The Teacher
Amelia Jane
Remember when we met?
When I was just a kid.
And you said to me,
'It's okay, we're all friends here.'
And treated me like a normal kid?
Well even if you don't,
Thank you, as you now mean the world to me.
Remember when I first cried in front of you?
When times were tough for me.
And you said to me,
'It's okay, I'm here.'
And it all seemed a little better?
Well even if it's slipped your mind,
It made me who I am today.
Remember when you fell apart?
You couldn't cope without your Dad.
And I said to you,
'It's okay, I'm here for you.'
And you put back up your mask?
Because it had slipped that day and I saw,
The real you, scared and hiding.
Remember when I left you?
To move on to my next stage.
And you said to me,
'I'll always be here for you.'
And we hugged and talked for hours?
You wanted me to chase my dreams,
And helped me through my fear.
Remember when I became you?
And you took to the sidelines.
And I said to you,
'I'm here to carry on.'
And you watched like a proud parent,
As I took my first steps?
Now it's me remembering you,
As you lie in the ground.
I'll always remember your calming voice,
And be grateful for what I found.
Available at:
<https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/inspir
ational-thank-you-poem-to-teacher-the-teacher>.
The Teacher
Amelia Jane
Remember when we met?
When I was just a kid.
And you said to me,
'It's okay, we're all friends here.'
And treated me like a normal kid?
Well even if you don't,
Thank you, as you now mean the world to me.
Remember when I first cried in front of you?
When times were tough for me.
And you said to me,
'It's okay, I'm here.'
And it all seemed a little better?
Well even if it's slipped your mind,
It made me who I am today.
Remember when you fell apart?
You couldn't cope without your Dad.
And I said to you,
'It's okay, I'm here for you.'
And you put back up your mask?
Because it had slipped that day and I saw,
The real you, scared and hiding.
Remember when I left you?
To move on to my next stage.
And you said to me,
'I'll always be here for you.'
And we hugged and talked for hours?
You wanted me to chase my dreams,
And helped me through my fear.
Remember when I became you?
And you took to the sidelines.
And I said to you,
'I'm here to carry on.'
And you watched like a proud parent,
As I took my first steps?
Now it's me remembering you,
As you lie in the ground.
I'll always remember your calming voice,
And be grateful for what I found.
Available at:
<https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poem/inspir
ational-thank-you-poem-to-teacher-the-teacher>.
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