Questões de Concurso
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
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Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
The text states that many CIOs are abandoning BI initiatives due to reported low user adoption rates and high costs.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
According to the text, overall, BI solutions are not accomplishing the purpose they were designed for, since they have not been able to provide timely and readily available data to business users within their working cycles.
Based on the previous text, judge the following item.
It is correct to conclude from the text that one main hindrance to the successful implementation of BI is the need to stop ongoing operations to gather and secure data.
In the 20th century, we made tremendous advances in discovering fundamental principles in different scientific disciplines that created major breakthroughs in management and technology for agricultural systems, mostly by empirical means. However, as we enter the 21st century, agricultural research has more difficult and complex problems to solve.
The environmental consciousness of the general public is requiring us to modify farm management to protect water, air, and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. At the same time, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems. Fortunately, the new electronic technologies can provide us a vast amount of real-time information about crop conditions and near-term weather via remote sensing by satellites or ground-based instruments and the Internet, that can be utilized to develop a whole new level of management. However, we need the means to capture and make sense of this vast amount of site-specific data.
Our customers, the agricultural producers, are asking for a quicker transfer of research results in an integrated usable form for site-specific management. Such a request can only be met with system models, because system models are indeed the integration and quantification of current knowledge based on fundamental principles and laws. Models enhance understanding of data taken under certain conditions and help extrapolate their applications to other conditions and locations.
Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell. Whole System Integration and Modeling — Essential to
Agricultural Science and Technology in the 21st Century. In: Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell
(eds.) Agricultural system models in field research and technology transfer.
Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2002 (adapted).
Considering the text presented above, judge the following item.
The text focuses on showing how the advances made in the 20th century were essential to the development of the notion of agricultural systems.
Rain Is Coming to Burning Los Angeles and Will Bring Its Own Risks
Rain is forecast to begin as soon as Saturday afternoon and to continue as late as Monday evening, says meteorologist Kristan Lund of the National Weather Service’s Los Angeles office. The area desperately needs the precipitation, but experts are warily monitoring the situation because rain poses its own risks in recently burned areas— most notably the potential occurrence of mudslides and similar hazards. “Rain is good because we’ve been so dry,” Lund says. “However, if we get heavier rain rates or we get the thunderstorms, it’s actually a lot more dangerous because you can get debris flows.”
Fires do a couple of different things to the landscape that can increase the risk of burned material, soil and detritus hurtling out of control. When fires burn hot or long enough, they leave an invisible layer of waxy material just under the surface of the ground. This develops from decomposing leaves and other organic material, which contain naturally hydrophobic or water-repellent compounds. Fire can vaporize this litter, and the resulting gas seeps into the upper soil—where it quickly cools and condenses, forming the slippery layer.
When rain falls on ground that has been affected by this phenomenon, it can’t sink beyond the hydrophobic layer— so the water flows away, often hauling debris with it. “All of the trees, branches, everything that’s been burned—unfortunately, if it rains, that stuff just floats,” Lund says. “It’s really concerning.” Even a fire that isn’t severe enough to create a hydrophobic layer can still cause debris flows, says Danielle Touma, a climate scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. Under normal conditions, trees and other plants usually trap some rain above the surface, slowing the water’s downward journey. But on freshly burned land there’s much less greenery to interfere; all the rain immediately hits the ground. [...]
Fortunately, the rain should also help firefighters tame the blazes that remain active. The largest, the Palisades Fire, is currently 77 percent contained. The second largest, the Eaton Fire, is 95 percent contained. The Hughes Fire is third largest and only 56 percent contained. A fire can be fully contained but still burning. The containment percentage refers to the amount of the perimeter that has barriers that firefighters expect will prevent further spread.
Scientific American. January 27th, 2025. Adaptado.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
In the 1980s, genetic resources were regarded as private property under international law, allowing multinational corporations to control them freely.
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
According to the text, the ABS system was created to prevent multinational companies from using the genetic resources of countries of the South.
Excerpt:
"Implementing technology in the language classroom can foster learner autonomy, yet it demands careful planning and ongoing assessment to ensure meaningful interaction. Teachers should integrate digital resources that reinforce communicative goals rather than simply replacing traditional methods."
Which of the following authors is being described?
"She has lived in London for five years."
This sentence tells us that:
‘Good evening. Today, the United States informed us they will be imposing 25 per cent tariffs on Canadian exports to the United States and 10 per cent on Canadian energy, a decision that should they elect to proceed with should take effect on Tuesday, Feb. 4.
(In French) This decision puts in peril a historic economic relationship, a relationship that has been the source of wealth, prosperity and possibility on both sides of the border.’”
CBC News · Posted: Feb 02, 2025 2:58 PM EST
The part spoken in French in the Canadian Prime Minister's speech indicates that:
Brazil concluded the Paris 2024 Olympic Games with 20 medals, representing its second-best performance in the country's history. The Brazilian delegation secured three gold medals, seven silver medals, and ten bronze medals, placing the country 20th in the medal count and 12th in total podium finishes.
In France, women athletes from Brazil made history by breaking long-standing records and achieving unprecedented success. For the first time, women outperformed men, securing more medals in a single Olympic Games. Of the 20 medals, 12 were won by women in events designated for female competitors, including one in a mixed judo team competition, while the men claimed seven.
The Bolsa Atleta program (Athlete Scholarship Program) was instrumental in driving these achievements. This federal funding initiative was vital for the success of every Brazilian medalist at the event. Among the 60 medalists in Paris - 48 women and 12 men - 100% are current or former participants in the Bolsa Atleta program.
Adapted from htips:/iwww.gov.br/secom/enfiatest-news/2024/08
Say if the statements below are T (true) or F (false). Then, mark the cosrect option.
( ) Brazilian athletes secured a total of twelve medals in the 2024 Olympic Games.
( ) Brazil‘was placed twentieth in total podium finishes in the 2024 Olympic Games.
( ) Brazilian male athletes won more medals than the female competitors in Paris.
( ) Bolsa Atleta is a program that funds athletes and was crucial for Brazil's success in Paris.
( ) Al the sixty medalists in Paris were somehow supported by the Bolsa Atleta Program.
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
lt's time for innovation to transform education
It’s no secret that the U.S. education system is facing numerous challenges. The standardized, one-size-fits-all approach focuses on memorization and rote learning, often failing to cater to the unique needs and talents of individual students. This lack of personalization can lead to disengagement and poor outcomes, leaving students feeling unmotivated and unprepared for life beyond school.
Innovation in education needs funding. But there’s a catch: to receive funding, entrepreneurs usually need to show proof of concept — that their idea works.
That can be tricky for education entrepreneurs who want to think outside the box. In the United States, trusted old models receive funding from legislators because they use outdated measures and assessments to decide “what works” in traditional settings. But it’s exactly those old models and metrics that need to be transformed.
Academic achievement among American students continues to fall behind their global counterparts. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), U.S. students rank 25th out of 37 countries in math proficiency, and similarly low in reading and science.
The fact is, in the U.S., education from 1st to 12th grade has long been more about tradition than innovation. For generations, the school experience has barely changed. Our schools may look the same as our parents’ schools — and their schools looked the same as their parents’. It was more about listening to lectures, memorizing facts, and writing essays than about exploring the things that make each student uniquely themselves.
What if education and imagination could be synonymous? That is the vision the VELA Education Fund aims to realize through its work funding diverse educational models for students across the U.S.
This nonprofit has flipped the script — instead of handing large sums of money to a select few, VELA offers millions of dollars in small grants to thousands of everyday entrepreneurs. This model generates fresh, community-rooted approaches to education. These creators share a self-starting spirit, a desire to meet the needs of the learners and families they serve, and a willingness to rethink the “where, how, and when” of school.
VELA’s model is unique because it instills trust and encourages autonomy in educators, believing that those closest to the problem should be the ones designing its solutions. Unlike other grants, VELA doesn’t require as much proof of concept upfront, allowing funding to drive the outcomes — not the other way around. By awarding smaller grants to a broader range of applicants, it supports a more diverse array of ideas, backgrounds, and educational models. These smaller grants also give recipients the freedom to take risks and be more creative.
“We limit our potential when we limit the people who have access to opportunities to drive social change,” said Meredith Olson, president of VELA. “A few thousand dollars to the right person can fuel innovation on a scale we never imagined.”
So far, VELA has awarded more than $35 million in grants to nearly 2,500 recipients — including microschool founders, homeschool leaders, and many others — who collectively serve over 5 million students across the country. The organization’s continued support sends a strong message to other education funders: trust that families and educators know how to support their learners best — and empower them to do so.
(Adapted from Why we need more Innovation In education & VELA Education Fund Catalyzes Innovatlon In Educatlon)
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
lt's time for innovation to transform education
It’s no secret that the U.S. education system is facing numerous challenges. The standardized, one-size-fits-all approach focuses on memorization and rote learning, often failing to cater to the unique needs and talents of individual students. This lack of personalization can lead to disengagement and poor outcomes, leaving students feeling unmotivated and unprepared for life beyond school.
Innovation in education needs funding. But there’s a catch: to receive funding, entrepreneurs usually need to show proof of concept — that their idea works.
That can be tricky for education entrepreneurs who want to think outside the box. In the United States, trusted old models receive funding from legislators because they use outdated measures and assessments to decide “what works” in traditional settings. But it’s exactly those old models and metrics that need to be transformed.
Academic achievement among American students continues to fall behind their global counterparts. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), U.S. students rank 25th out of 37 countries in math proficiency, and similarly low in reading and science.
The fact is, in the U.S., education from 1st to 12th grade has long been more about tradition than innovation. For generations, the school experience has barely changed. Our schools may look the same as our parents’ schools — and their schools looked the same as their parents’. It was more about listening to lectures, memorizing facts, and writing essays than about exploring the things that make each student uniquely themselves.
What if education and imagination could be synonymous? That is the vision the VELA Education Fund aims to realize through its work funding diverse educational models for students across the U.S.
This nonprofit has flipped the script — instead of handing large sums of money to a select few, VELA offers millions of dollars in small grants to thousands of everyday entrepreneurs. This model generates fresh, community-rooted approaches to education. These creators share a self-starting spirit, a desire to meet the needs of the learners and families they serve, and a willingness to rethink the “where, how, and when” of school.
VELA’s model is unique because it instills trust and encourages autonomy in educators, believing that those closest to the problem should be the ones designing its solutions. Unlike other grants, VELA doesn’t require as much proof of concept upfront, allowing funding to drive the outcomes — not the other way around. By awarding smaller grants to a broader range of applicants, it supports a more diverse array of ideas, backgrounds, and educational models. These smaller grants also give recipients the freedom to take risks and be more creative.
“We limit our potential when we limit the people who have access to opportunities to drive social change,” said Meredith Olson, president of VELA. “A few thousand dollars to the right person can fuel innovation on a scale we never imagined.”
So far, VELA has awarded more than $35 million in grants to nearly 2,500 recipients — including microschool founders, homeschool leaders, and many others — who collectively serve over 5 million students across the country. The organization’s continued support sends a strong message to other education funders: trust that families and educators know how to support their learners best — and empower them to do so.
(Adapted from Why we need more Innovation In education & VELA Education Fund Catalyzes Innovatlon In Educatlon)
Climate crisis, cíties, and health
Prof Mark J Nisuwenhuijsen PhDabc
More than ever, the climate crisis is becoming a health crisis. An estimated 5 million people globally die each pear because of suboptima! temperatures, with a large proportion of heal-related mortality (37%) attnibutable to human-induced climate change. The last few years have been the hottest on record and high temperatures claimed over 60 000 lives in Europe alone in 2022, with cities the most affected and temperatures in cities projected to increase. Urban heat islands that result from excessivo asphalt and concrete in cities contribute to an increase in temperature and premature mortality. Just over half of the world's population (56%) now lives in cities and that percentage is expected to reach nearly 70% by 2050.
(Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/sclence/article/abs/pll/S0140673624019342)
Segundo o texto,
Atenção: Para responder à questão, considere o texto a seguir.
Some ways to reinvent affordable housing in a post-pandemic world
Jan 20, 2022
When more than 90 countries issued stay-at-home orders during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 7 billion people across the globe sheltered in slums and informal settlements. Yet, these necessary public health measures offered scant defense against this potentially deadly virus if housing conditions were unsafe. The urgency of the pandemic response spotlighted an inescapable truth: the chronic lack of safe and affordable housing in both advanced economies and developing nations is one of the biggest drivers of health and wealth disparities in our world.
As we grapple with how to adapt to ongoing waves of the virus and move toward rebuilding healthier, more equitable societies, we must expand the global supply of affordable housing by focusing on innovations that champion public health, sustainability, and scalability. These three inextricably linked pillars can drive a new global housing framework that creates more equitable access to affordable housing and, as a result, improves health outcomes, fortifies disaster resilience, and mitigates environmental impact.
Strategies and mindsets to reinvent affordable housing
1. Home as a health solution
The connections between health and home have long been recognized by the medical community. Poor housing conditions have been linked to debilitating illnesses, from respiratory conditions to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, influenza, and diarrhea — which is among the leading causes of childhood death worldwide. In many cases, simple upgrades to a home's roof, windows, and floor can have a transformational impact on the health of a family and its surrounding community. A 2007 World Bank study found that replacing a home's dirt floors with concrete can lead to “a 78 percent reduction in parasitic infestations, a 49 percent reduction in diarrhea, an 81 percent reduction in anemia, and a 36 to 96 percent improvement in cognitive development."
But even these small upgrades remain out of reach for many families. In emerging markets, it is common for households to build shelter incrementally as finances allow — a process that can take up to 30 years. The work starts and stops as resources become available, often resulting in increased construction costs and inconsistent quality of materials over time.
Housing entrepreneurs are working to bring affordable, scalable solutions to families that can mitigate preventable, life-threatening health concerns and truly reinvent affordable housing. In Rwanda, upgrading to a concrete floor can cost more than two months' wages for the average family. Nonprofit startup EarthEnable is working with African governments to support housing policy and is using local materials and labor to provide an earthen floor alternative that delivers the same benefits as concrete at a quarter of the price.
As families strive to upgrade their homes, they need access — both physical and economic — to building products that will keep them safer.
2. Investing in sustainable methods that work
In addition to addressing the connections between housing and health, trailblazers like EarthEnable are proving that affordable solutions can also be green solutions. By sourcing materials locally, they are streamlining supply chains, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and creating employment opportunities within the community.
With the construction sector consuming over 3 billion tons of raw materials each year — more than any other industry — we need to be more intentional about leveraging sustainable and recycled supplies. Once again, startups are leading the way, applying low-cost modernizations to everything from lighting fixtures to pavers that are five to seven times more durable than concrete. In India, ReMaterials recycles packaging and agricultural waste into modular roof panels for families living in slums. These roofs have been shown to reduce a home's indoor air temperature by 10 degrees Celsius, improving quality of life and decreasing the risk of heatstroke.
Governments and housing nonprofits have a critical role to play in ensuring that startups developing these green, affordable housing innovations can scale their products and reach the vulnerable communities most in need.
3. Scaling to reach 1 billion homes
The need to create more adequate housing opportunities around the world continues to grow exponentially, as over 3 million people move to cities every week. Therefore, we must also sustainably and rapidly scale up new construction.
Entrepreneurs around the world are rethinking housing construction from the ground up to produce more efficient solutions.
Increasing the affordable housing supply also requires us to think differently about how we use and prioritize space. By emphasizing spatial needs and constraints in planning new developments, we can improve quality of life by enabling people to live closer to where they work, while reducing traffic and environmental impact. Furthermore, data shows that mixed-income neighborhoods produce better long-term health outcomes and economic mobility for individuals and families.
Governments, corporations, and civil society have important roles to play in advancing disruptive solutions to the chronic shortage of safe, affordable housing around the globe. By supporting innovators with the capacity to expand quickly and effectively, together we can embrace a new global housing framework centered on sustainable and scalable shelter solutions. Only through collaboration can we reinvent affordable housing..
(Adapted from https:/www.weforum.org/stories/2022/01/reinvent-affordable-housing-post-covid19-aworld-habitat-for-humanity/)
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