Questões Militares Comentadas para espcex

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Q3605832 História
Diversos grupos étnicos ocupavam a América à época do descobrimento, por vezes verdadeiras civilizações, desenvolvidas durante séculos. A chegada dos conquistadores espanhóis, submetendo os nativos e explorando seu trabalho, levou ao extermínio de grande parte da população encontrada e ao declínio desses povos. Foram alvo da exploração colonial espanhola os povos 
Alternativas
Q3605831 História
Na fase final da Idade Média, houve um notável crescimento populacional. Com o aumento da produção agrícola, o desenvolvimento do artesanato e o maior contato com povos orientais, o comércio ganhou significativo impulso. Essa expansão comercial impulsionou o aumento da produção artesanal e vice-versa. Os artesãos, com o objetivo de defender seus interesses, regulamentar o exercício da profissão e controlar o fornecimento de seus produtos, organizaram-se então em
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Q3605830 História
Nos primeiros anos do Brasil independente de Portugal, o "Sete de Setembro" não teve a importância que lhe foi atribuída mais tarde. De modo geral, o governo de D. Pedro I foi bem recebido, mas em diversos pontos do país houve grande resistência e sérios confrontos entre tropas portuguesas e tropas do novo governo brasileiro. Tais episódios são denominados por alguns historiadores como as "Lutas pela Independência" ou, para outros, a "Guerra da Independência". Esses confrontos armados ocorreram principalmente
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Q3605829 História
A Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945) envolveu combates em todos os continentes e mares do planeta. A posição do governo de Getúlio Vargas perante a guerra foi inicialmente de indefinição, ora pendendo para um lado, ora para o outro. Em 1942, todavia, foi forçado a romper relações diplomáticas com os países do Eixo e, alguns meses depois, a declarar-lhes guerra, juntando-se aos aliados. Relativamente à participação brasileira na Segunda Guerra Mundial, analise as assertivas abaixo.

I-O Brasil participou do esforço de guerra com o envio de uma Divisão de Infantaria reforçada, a Força Expedicionária Brasileira (FEB), com aproximadamente 25.000 homens e mulheres.
II - A FEB participou da luta contra o nazifascismo na campanha do Norte da África.
III - O Brasil colaborou com o fornecimento de matérias-primas e autorização do uso do território brasileiro pelos aliados (bases aéreas no Nordeste).
IV - O estopim para a entrada do Brasil na guerra foi o afundamento de diversos navios brasileiros por submarinos alemães.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente assertivas corretas.
Alternativas
Q3605828 História
0 Período Regencial, de 1831 a 1840, foi um dos mais agitados da história brasileira. As divergências entre os indivíduos mais abastados quanto à forma de governar o Brasil, de modo a preservar seus interesses, originaram três tendências políticas diferentes, uma delas defendendo a volta de D. Pedro I ao trono brasileiro. O grupo defensor dessa ideia era denominado
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Q3605827 História
O conflito ocorrido durante a República Velha, na área fronteiriça entre os Estados do Paraná e Santa Catarina, que apresentava características de movimento messiânico e envolvia sertanejos, ficou conhecido como
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Q3605826 Geografia
"Migrações internacionais são fluxos de populações que atravessam fronteiras políticas, deslocando de sua nação de origem para fixar residência, legal ou ilegalmente, em países estrangeiros. As mais constantes migrações internacionais da atualidade têm causas econômicas: são transferências geográficas de força de trabalho de uma economia para outra".
(MAGNOLI, Demétrio. Geografia para o Ensino Médio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Atual, 2012, p. 494).

Sobre migrações internacionais, é incorreto afirmar que:
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Q3605824 Geografia
Em 1934, foi fundado o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), encarregado de realizar levantamentos demográficos, econômicos e sociais do país. Atualmente, o IBGE divide o território brasileiro em cinco macrorregiões.
(TERRA, Lygia; ARAÚJO, Regina; GUIMARĀES, Raul Borges. Conexões: estudos de Geografia Geral e do Brasil. 3. ed. São Paulo: Moderna, 2015 (Moderna Plus - volume único, contendo as partes I, II e III, р. 152).

Sobre a região Nordeste, é incorreto afirmar que:
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Q3605823 Geografia
"A soberania do Estado não se circunscreve ao território terrestre. Uma convenção da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU), que entrou em vigor em 1994, definiu como mar territorial uma faixa de 12 milhas náuticas (cerca de 22,2 quilômetros) de largura a partir da linha de base da costa".
(Fonte: MAGNOLI, Demétrio. Geografia para o Ensino Médio. 2. ed. São Paulo: Atual, 2012, p. 215).

Sobre o mar territorial e a Zona Econômica Exclusiva (ZEE), pode-se afirmar que:
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Q3605816 Geografia
"A Índia é um dos mais importantes países emergentes. Com base no seu gigantesco mercado consumidor, apresenta uma das economias que mais crescem no mundo. Segundo o Banco Mundial, o país cresceu em média 7,5% ao ano no período de 2000 a 2016."
(Fonte: SENE, Eustáquio de; MOREIRA, João Carlos. Geografia Geral e do Brasil volume único. 6. ed. São Paulo: Ática, 2018, p. 405).

Sobre a Índia, é correto afirmar que:
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Q3605815 Geografia
"Após três anos de influência no clima global, chegou ao fim em fevereiro o fenômeno climático caracterizado pelo resfriamento das águas do Oceano Pacífico equatorial, a La Niña. De acordo com o Climatempo, o fenômeno terminou no mês passado, mas seus efeitos ainda podem ser sentidos no início de abril". (CNN 20/03/2023).
(Fonte: CNN Brasil. Disponível em<https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/nacional/entenda-como-o-fenomeno-do-el-nino-podera-afetar-o-clima-com-achegada-do-outono/>Acesso em: 22 mar 2023).


Sobre os fenômenos do El Niño e La Niña, pode-se afirmar que:

I-O EI Niño é um fenômeno climático natural, localizado no Pacífico Sul, que ocorre em escala local e que se manifesta em intervalos variados de tempo.
II - O EI Niño é o resultado de um aquecimento de 3 °C a 7 °C acima da média das águas do Oceano Pacífico nas proximidades da linha do equador.
III - Em função do El Niño, ocorrem enchentes no Brasil meridional e seca na região do clima semi-árido nordestino e extremo norte do país.
IV -A La Niña provoca um resfriamento das águas superficiais do Pacífico na costa peruana, o que também altera as zonas de alta e baixa pressão, provocando mudanças nas direções dos ventos e das massas de ar.
V-A La Niña e o El Niño são fenômenos cujo monitoramento não pode ser previsto, em função das causas que determinam o aparecimento desses dois fenômenos serem desconhecidas.

Das afirmações acima, estão corretas:
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Q3605809 Raciocínio Lógico
Dados os conjuntos A ⊂ IR, B ⊂ IR e C ⊂ (A∪B). Se A∪B, A∩C e B∩C são, respectivamente, os domínios das funções reais definidas por: Q15_1.png (205×41) e Q15_2.png (72×96) é correto afirmar que:
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Q3605804 Matemática
Foi construído na EsPCEX um reservatório de água cuja seção reta do sólido que o representa e que passa pelo seu eixo de simetria é mostrada na figura a seguir.
O formato tridimensional desse reservatório foi obtido pelo giro completo da seção reta em torno do eixo de simetria. Desejando-se realizar a pintura da área lateral do reservatório, a Prefeitura Militar da 6 m EsPCEx adquiriu uma tinta que tem rendimento de 5 metros quadrados por litro. Serão dadas duas demãos e não haverá desperdício nem mistura com água. Considerando π = 3, o mínimo número inteiro de litros de tinta necessários para a pintura é igual a:

Imagem associada para resolução da questão

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Q1832014 Inglês

The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set Now


    _______(1) for the past few years the most popular _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this fall another type of queen _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).

    Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director and director of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: “The Queen's Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess among new audiences and demographics,” Freund confirms: “At 1stDibs, in just the month following the show's release, we've seen a 100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as compared to this time period last year.”

    Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity at the moment, the game of chess dates back centuries and has long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have derived from a 7th-century Indian game, then evolved as it spread across Asia and Europe in the following centuries. As a result, says Freund, “you can find a variety of vintage and contemporary chess paraphernalia from dealers all over the world.” Those who don't necessarily have the budget for pawns of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all price ranges. So light a fire, make a drink, and set up the chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.

Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-harmon-chess-sets/ 

According to the text, choose the correct statement. 
Alternativas
Q1832013 Inglês

The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set Now


    _______(1) for the past few years the most popular _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this fall another type of queen _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).

    Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director and director of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: “The Queen's Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess among new audiences and demographics,” Freund confirms: “At 1stDibs, in just the month following the show's release, we've seen a 100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as compared to this time period last year.”

    Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity at the moment, the game of chess dates back centuries and has long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have derived from a 7th-century Indian game, then evolved as it spread across Asia and Europe in the following centuries. As a result, says Freund, “you can find a variety of vintage and contemporary chess paraphernalia from dealers all over the world.” Those who don't necessarily have the budget for pawns of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all price ranges. So light a fire, make a drink, and set up the chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.

Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-harmon-chess-sets/ 

In the sentence “Chessboards are flying of f the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season. (paragraph 2), the words fly off the rack mean
Alternativas
Q1832012 Inglês

The 'Queen's Gambit' Effect: Everyone Wants a Chess Set Now


    _______(1) for the past few years the most popular _______(2) on Netflix was undoubtedly Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, as portrayed by Claire Foy and Olivia Colman in The Crown, this fall another type of queen _______(3) her mark: Beth Harmon, the captivating protagonist of The Queen's Gambit, a Netflix original that became an overnight sensation and inspired a slew of discerning viewers to pick up _______(4).

    Call it the Queen's Gambit effect: Chessboards are flying off the (literal and virtual) rack in the wake of the show's hit season. Just ask Anthony Barzilay Freund, editorial director and director of fine art at vintage site 1stDibs: “The Queen's Gambit is driving an interest in the game of chess among new audiences and demographics,” Freund confirms: “At 1stDibs, in just the month following the show's release, we've seen a 100% increase in sales of chessboards, pieces, and tables as compared to this time period last year.”

    Of course, while it might be enjoying a renewed popularity at the moment, the game of chess dates back centuries and has long captivated players all over the world. It's believed to have derived from a 7th-century Indian game, then evolved as it spread across Asia and Europe in the following centuries. As a result, says Freund, “you can find a variety of vintage and contemporary chess paraphernalia from dealers all over the world.” Those who don't necessarily have the budget for pawns of precious stone have a myriad of options on the market at all price ranges. So light a fire, make a drink, and set up the chessboard – Beth Harmon would be proud.

Adapted from https://www.housebeautiful.com/design-inspiration/a34874207/queens-gambit-beth-harmon-chess-sets/ 

Choose the alternative with words that respectively complete gaps (1), (2), (3) and (4) in the correct way.
Alternativas
Q1832011 Inglês

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air


     A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

    Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

    In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

    In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

Choose the alternative that has the sentence “...he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht…” (paragraph 4) correctly changed into active voice.
Alternativas
Q1832010 Inglês

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air


     A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

    Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

    In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

    In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes next to in the sentence “...about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit…” (paragraph 2).
Alternativas
Q1832009 Inglês

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air


     A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

    Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

    In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

    In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

The woman who caused the incident on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 was
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Q1832008 Inglês

Lockdown Named 2020’s Word of the Year by Collins Dictionary


    Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins as “the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces”. The 4.5-billion-word Collins Corpus, which contains written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in ______(1) usage. In 2019, there were 4,000 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had risen to more than a quarter of a million.

    “Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic,” says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. “We have chosen lockdown as _______(2) word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict _______(3) daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop, and socialise. It is not a word of the year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world.”

    Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing and key worker were on the dictionary’s list of the top 10 words. However, the coronavirus crisis didn’t completely dominate this year’s vocabulary: words like “Megxit,” a term to describe Prince Harry and Meghan Markle stepping back as senior members of the royal family, also made the shortlist along with “TikToker” (a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok), and “BLM.” The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter is defined by Collins as “a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression”, it registered a 581% increase in usage.

Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/10/lockdown-named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary

According to the text, choose the correct statement.
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Respostas
101: D
102: A
103: C
104: D
105: A
106: B
107: C
108: A
109: E
110: D
111: A
112: B
113: B
114: B
115: C
116: B
117: E
118: E
119: C
120: B