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Questões de Vestibular Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

Foram encontradas 574 questões

Ano: 2013 Banca: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Órgão: MACKENZIE Prova: Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie - 2013 - MACKENZIE - vestibular |
Q1347200 Inglês


Behind the Meaning of the Pope’s Names
The new pope’s choice of ‘Francis’ hints at the direction of his reign.
    Enter Pope Francis. The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. It is, indeed, a historic moment for the papacy. Those who waited for a leader from the new Catholic world will no doubt be __( I )__ by the choice, but his new status as the leader of a global church requires a different persona and a new mode of action. The new pope speaks not only for Argentina, Latin America, and the Jesuits, but also for the entire Roman Catholic world.


The first Jesuit pope. The first from Latin America. (Enrique Marcarian/Reuters)

    It is precisely for this reason that cardinals shed their names along with their brightly __( II )__ vestments. Historically, the tradition of selecting a new papal name dates back to the sixth century, when Pope John II swapped his awkwardly __( III )__ name Mercurius for the solidly Christian John. At the same time the selection of religious names is more than an opportunity to symbolically cast aside individual identity. Papal names chart a course for the future by summoning up the past. The new pope assumes either the mantle of religious heroes and leaders from days gone by or the virtues of the Innocents and the Piuses. The selection of the name both forges a new identity and signals how the pope wishes to be seen and remembered. It is, in essence, not only the answer to the __( IV )__ question “Who do you want to be when you grow up?” but also a way of preemptively writing one’s own reviews.
    Traditionally popes have been __( V )__ of reaching too high, of appearing too self-congratulatory. The office of the pope is built, literally and metaphorically, on the legacy of St. Peter, the apostle of Christ, whose remains lie beneath the papal seat in the Vatican. But there has been no Pope Peter II. Thus far, no pope has had the audacity to present himself as standing in continuity with the favored disciple of Jesus. Nor would Pope Francis have been able to select the name of the founder of his own order. A Pope Ignatius—after Jesuit founder Ignatius of Loyola—would have appeared self-serving.
    At first blush, Pope Francis’s selection of a previously __( VI )__ papal name—he is no 23rd anything—marks a break with the past and augurs well for those looking for a move away from deeply entrenched institutionalism. The new pope symbolically clears the deck for a new period of Catholic history. For a church desperately in need of an administrative makeover, it creates a nominally blank slate for the pale-garbed pontiff.
Newsweek

The adjectives that properly fill in blanks I, II, III, IV, V and VI, in the text, are
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Ano: 2013 Banca: UECE-CEV Órgão: UECE Prova: UECE-CEV - 2013 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 2ª fase |
Q1279899 Inglês
TEXT

     BRASÍLIA — Brazil’s highest court has long viewed itself as a bastion of manners and formality. Justices call one another “Your Excellency,” dress in billowing robes and wrap each utterance in grandiloquence, as if little had changed from the era when marquises and dukes held sway from their vast plantations.
     In one televised feud, Mr. Barbosa questioned another justice about whether he would even be on the court had he not been appointed by his cousin, a former president impeached in 1992. With another justice, Mr. Barbosa rebuked him over what the chief justice considered his condescending tone, telling him he was not his “capanga,” a term describing a hired thug. 
      In one of his most scathing comments, Mr. Barbosa, the high court’s first and only black justice, took on the entire legal system of Brazil — where it is still remarkably rare for politicians to ever spend time in prison, even after being convicted of crimes — contending that the mentality of judges was “conservative, pro-status-quo and pro-impunity.”
     “I have a temperament that doesn’t adapt well to politics,” Mr. Barbosa, 58, said in a recent interview in his quarters here in the Supreme Federal Tribunal, a modernist landmark designed by the architect Oscar Niemeyer. “It’s because I speak my mind so much.” 
     His acknowledged lack of tact notwithstanding, he is the driving force behind a series of socially liberal and establishment-shaking rulings, turning Brazil’s highest court — and him in particular — into a newfound political power and the subject of popular fascination. 
   The court’s recent rulings include a unanimous decision upholding the University of Brasília’s admissions policies aimed at increasing the number of black and indigenous students, opening the way for one of the Western Hemisphere’s most sweeping affirmative action laws for higher education. 
     In another move, Mr. Barbosa used his sway as chief justice and president of the panel overseeing Brazil’s judiciary to effectively legalize same-sex marriage across the country. And in an anticorruption crusade, he is overseeing the precedent-setting trial of senior political figures in the governing Workers Party for their roles in a vast vote-buying scheme.
   Ascending to Brazil’s high court, much less pushing the institution to assert its independence, long seemed out of reach for Mr. Barbosa, the eldest of eight children raised in Paracatu, an impoverished city in Minas Gerais State, where his father worked as a bricklayer.  
    But his prominence — not just on the court, but in the streets as well — is so well established that masks with his face were sold for Carnival, amateur musicians have composed songs about his handling of the corruption trial and posted them on YouTube, and demonstrators during the huge street protests that shook the nation this year told pollsters that Mr. Barbosa was one of their top choices for president in next year’s elections.
     While the protests have subsided since their height in June, the political tumult they set off persists. The race for president, once considered a shoo-in for the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, is now up in the air, with Mr. Barbosa — who is now so much in the public eye that gossip columnists are following his romance with a woman in her 20s — repeatedly saying he will not run. “I’m not a candidate for anything,” he says. 
     But the same public glare that has turned him into a celebrity has singed him as well. While he has won widespread admiration for his guidance of the high court, Mr. Barbosa, like almost every other prominent political figure in Brazil, has recently come under scrutiny. And for someone accustomed to criticizing the so-called supersalaries awarded to some members of Brazil’s legal system, the revelations have put Mr. Barbosa on the defensive. 
     One report in the Brazilian news media described how he received about $180,000 in payments for untaken leaves of absence during his 19 years as a public prosecutor. (Such payments are common in some areas of Brazil’s large public bureaucracy.) Another noted that he bought an apartment in Miami through a limited liability company, suggesting an effort to pay less taxes on the property. In statements, Mr. Barbosa contends that he has done nothing wrong. 
     In a country where a majority of people now define themselves as black or of mixed race — but where blacks remain remarkably rare in the highest echelons of political institutions and corporations — Mr. Barbosa’s trajectory and abrupt manner have elicited both widespread admiration and a fair amount of resistance. 
     As a teenager, Mr. Barbosa moved to the capital, Brasília, finding work as a janitor in a courtroom. Against the odds, he got into the University of Brasília, the only black student in its law program at the time. Wanting to see the world, he later won admission into Brazil’s diplomatic service, which promptly sent him to Helsinki, the Finnish capital on the shore of the Baltic Sea. 
     Sensing that he would not advance much in the diplomatic service, which he has called “one of the most discriminatory institutions of Brazil,” Mr. Barbosa opted for a career as a prosecutor. He alternated between legal investigations in Brazil and studies abroad, gaining fluency in English, French and German, and earning a doctorate in law at Pantheon-Assas University in Paris. 
   Fascinated by the legal systems of other countries, Mr. Barbosa wrote a book on affirmative action in the United States. He still voices his admiration for figures like Thurgood Marshall, the first black Supreme Court justice in the United States, and William J. Brennan Jr., who for years embodied the court’s liberal vision, clearly drawing inspiration from them as he pushed Brazil’s high court toward socially liberal rulings.
    Still, no decision has thrust Mr. Barbosa into Brazil’s public imagination as much as his handling of the trial of political operatives, legislators and bankers found guilty in a labyrinthine corruption scandal called the mensalão, or big monthly allowance, after the regular payments made to lawmakers in exchange for their votes. 
    Last November, at Mr. Barbosa’s urging, the high court sentenced some of the most powerful figures in the governing Workers Party to years in prison for their crimes in the scheme, including bribery and unlawful conspiracy, jolting a political system in which impunity for politicians has been the norm.  
     Now the mensalão trial is entering what could be its final phases, and Mr. Barbosa has at times been visibly exasperated that defendants who have already been found guilty and sentenced have managed to avoid hard jail time. He has clashed with other justices over their consideration of a rare legal procedure in which appeals over close votes at the high court are examined. 
     Losing his patience with one prominent justice, Ricardo Lewandowski, who tried to absolve some defendants of certain crimes, Mr. Barbosa publicly accused him this month of “chicanery” by using legalese to prop up certain positions. An outcry ensued among some who could not stomach Mr. Barbosa’s talking to a fellow justice like that. “Who does Justice Joaquim Barbosa think he is?” asked Ricardo Noblat, a columnist for the newspaper O Globo, questioning whether Mr. Barbosa was qualified to preside over the court. “What powers does he think he has just because he’s sitting in the chair of the chief justice of the Supreme Federal Tribunal?” 
      Mr. Barbosa did not apologize. In the interview, he said some tension was necessary for the court to function properly. “It was always like this,” he said, contending that arguments are now just easier to see because the court’s proceedings are televised. 
     Linking the court’s work to the recent wave of protests, he explained that he strongly disagreed with the violence of some demonstrators, but he also said he believed that the street movements were “a sign of democracy’s exuberance.” 
     “People don’t want to passively stand by and observe these arrangements of the elite, which were always the Brazilian tradition,” he said. 
The expression “Not just on the court, but in the streets as well” can be correctly rewritten as
Alternativas
Ano: 2013 Banca: UECE-CEV Órgão: UECE Prova: UECE-CEV - 2013 - UECE - Vestibular - Inglês - 1º Dia |
Q1261829 Inglês
TEXT
   
   HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW calls data science “the sexiest job in the 21st century,” and by most accounts this hot new field promises to revolutionize industries from business to government, health care to academia. 
   The field has been spawned by the enormous amounts of data that modern technologies create — be it the online behavior of Facebook users, tissue samples of cancer patients, purchasing habits of grocery shoppers or crime statistics of cities. Data scientists are the magicians of the Big Data era. They crunch the data, use mathematical models to analyze it and create narratives or visualizations to explain it, then suggest how to use the information to make decisions. 
     In the last few years, dozens of programs under a variety of names have sprung up in response to the excitement about Big Data, not to mention the six-figure salaries for some recent graduates. In the fall, Columbia will offer new master’s and certificate programs heavy on data. The University of San Francisco will soon graduate its charter class of students with a master’s in analytics.
      Rachel Schutt, a senior research scientist at Johnson Research Labs, taught “Introduction to Data Science” last semester at Columbia (its first course with “data science” in the title). She described the data scientist this way: “a hybrid computer scientist software engineer statistician.” And added: “The best tend to be really curious people, thinkers who ask good questions and are O.K. dealing with unstructured situations and trying to find structure in them.”
      Eurry Kim, a 30-year-old “wannabe data scientist,” is studying at Columbia for a master’s in quantitative methods in the social sciences and plans to use her degree for government service. She discovered the possibilities while working as a corporate tax analyst at the Internal Revenue Service. She might, for example, analyze tax return data to develop algorithms that flag fraudulent filings, or cull national security databases to spot suspicious activity.
     Some of her classmates are hoping to apply their skills to e-commerce, where data about users’ browsing history is gold.
     “This is a generation of kids that grew up with data science around them — Netflix telling them what movies they should watch, Amazon telling them what books they should read — so this is an academic interest with real-world applications,” said Chris Wiggins, a professor of applied mathematics at Columbia who is involved in its new Institute for Data Sciences and Engineering. “And,” he added, “they know it will make them employable.”
  Universities can hardly turn out data scientists fast enough. To meet demand from employers, the United States will need to increase the number of graduates with skills handling large amounts of data by as much as 60 percent, according to a report by McKinsey Global Institute. There will be almost half a million jobs in five years, and a shortage of up to 190,000 qualified data scientists, plus a need for 1.5 million executives and support staff who have an understanding of data.
      Because data science is so new, universities are scrambling to define it and develop curriculums. As an academic field, it cuts across disciplines, with courses in statistics, analytics, computer science and math, coupled with the specialty a student wants to analyze, from patterns in marine life to historical texts.
    With the sheer volume, variety and speed of data today, as well as developing technologies, programs are more than a repackaging of existing courses. “Data science is emerging as an academic discipline, defined not by a mere amalgamation of interdisciplinary fields but as a body of knowledge, a set of professional practices, a professional organization and a set of ethical responsibilities,” said Christopher Starr, chairman of the computer science department at the College of Charleston, one of a few institutions offering data science at the undergraduate level.
     Most master’s degree programs in data science require basic programming skills. They start with what Ms. Schutt describes as the “boring” part — scraping and cleaning raw data and “getting it into a nice table where you can actually analyze it.” Many use data sets provided by businesses or government, and pass back their results. Some host competitions to see which student can come up with the best solution to a company’s problem.
     Studying a Web user’s data has privacy implications. Using data to decide someone’s eligibility for a line of credit or health insurance, or even recommending who they friend on Facebook, can affect their lives. “We’re building these models that have impact on human life,” Ms. Schutt said. “How can we do that carefully?” Ethics classes address these questions.
       Finally, students have to learn to communicate their findings, visually and orally, and they need business know-how, perhaps to develop new products.

From: www.nytimes.com
Considering the word shopper in the text, an example of a word with similar meaning is
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Ano: 2013 Banca: CECIERJ Órgão: CEDERJ Prova: CECIERJ - 2013 - CEDERJ - Vestibular |
Q582645 Inglês
                             Why I took up the cello in my 60s

Michelle Hanson

Learning to play a musical instrument at any point in life is good for the brain. Who cares if I sound like a 'sick cow'?

                                   

It's exciting to know that I have done something right and rewarding – taking up the cello in my 60s. A new study from St. Andrew's University proves it. Taking up a musical instrument, even late in life, is good for the brain, and “can slow, stop, or even reverse, age or illness-related decline in mental functions". Hurrah!

My efforts have been rewarded, because starting the cello was a bit of a struggle, physically and mentally. Back then, my mother was alive, and rather critical: “You sound like a sick cow," she would cry out in a tormented way, but I persisted, joined an orchestra, and now here I am, with a bigger frontal cortex area than I might have otherwise had, and able to “adjust my behaviour more effectively in conflict-rich situations".

The more you practise the better, suggests the research. Good. It will spur me on, sick cow or not. Because I desperately need to keep my brain in order. Don't we all, if we're going to live to over 100? Last week I went for a walk with an old friend of mine and her dog. She is 92 and browned off.

“How are you?" I asked. “Fed up. I want to die." This was my mother's primary aim once she hit 96. “What do you want for your birthday?" we would ask. “To be dead!", she would say. No wonder. What else did life offer? At least my old friend could walk about. My mother could hardly walk, talk or eat.

If only they had played a musical instrument. You can do it sitting down, on your own, with friends, cheer yourself up, be in control, or wildly emotional. I cannot recommend it highly enough.

Fonte: http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/sep/ 30/why-i-took-up-cello-in-60s

Glossário

took up: aprendi; struggle: luta/muito esforço; spur me on: encorajar/estimular; browned off: sem entusiasmo
Entre os adjetivos abaixo, retirados do texto, marque aquele que expressa o modo com que a autora avalia sua experiência de tocar o violoncelo:
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Q538065 Inglês
An appropriate explanation of the expression taken from the text is found in
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Q538058 Inglês
In the fragments “the country exports advanced passenger aircraft and high fashion design while simultaneously grappling with tens of millions struggling to survive in poverty” (lines 10-13) and “The ability of Brazilian diplomats to carry off this double identity rests in the country’s carefully constructed position as the intermediate or bridging ground between the South and the North.” (lines 52-55), ‘grappling with’ and carry off’ mean, respectively:
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Ano: 2013 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: PUC - RJ Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2013 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - 1° Dia - Prova Tarde grupos 1, 3 e 4 |
Q537954 Inglês
The author uses the phrasal verb “trundles off” (.l 18) that could be replaced by
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Ano: 2013 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: PUC - RJ Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2013 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - 1º Dia - Prova Manhã grupo 2 |
Q537919 Inglês
In “Their brains (…) showed evidence that the sushing neurons…” (l 77-78), “shushing” could be replaced by
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Ano: 2013 Banca: CESGRANRIO Órgão: FMP Prova: CESGRANRIO - 2013 - FMP - Vestibular - Prova 1 |
Q385192 Inglês
In Text II, the word in parentheses that describes the idea expressed by the boldfaced word is
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Ano: 2013 Banca: FATEC Órgão: FATEC Prova: FATEC - 2013 - FATEC - Vestibular - Prova 01 |
Q382413 Inglês
Finally, a Billboard That Creates Drinkable Water Out of Thin Air

imagem-014.jpg

I’ve never cared much for billboards. Not in the city, not out of the city - not anywhere, really. It’s like the saying in that old Five Man Electrical Band1 song. So when the creative director of an ad agency in Peru sent me a picture of what he claimed was the frst billboard that produces potable water from air, my initial reaction was: gotta be a hoax, or at best, a gimmick2

Except it’s neither: the billboard pictured here is real, it’s located in Lima, Peru, and it produces around 100 liters of water a day (about 26 gallons) from nothing more than humidity, a basic fltration system and a little gravitational ingenuity3 .

Let’s talk about Lima for a moment, the largest city in Peru and the ffth largest in all of the Americas, with some 7.6 million people (closer to 9 million when you factor in the surrounding metro area). Because it sits along the southern Pacifc Ocean, the humidity in the city averages 83% (it’s actually closer to 100% in the mornings). But Lima is also part of what’s called a coastal desert: it lies at the northern edge of the Atacama, the driest desert in the world, meaning the city sees perhaps half an inch of precipitation annually (Lima is the second largest desert city in the world after Cairo). Lima thus depends on drainage from the Andes as well as runof from glacier melt - both sources on the decline because of climate change. (...)

1Five Man Electrical Band: nome de um grupo de rock canadense.

2
gimmick: algo que não é sério, usado para atrair a atenção das pessoas temporariamente, especialmente para fazê-las comprar algo.

3
ingenuity: habilidade de pensar em novos meios inteligentes de se fazer algo.



A forma verbal gotta, presente ao fnal do primeiro parágrafo, é
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Ano: 2013 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2013 - UNESP - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q357452 Inglês
How can consumers find out if a corporation is “greenwashing” environmentally unsavory practices?

imagem-008.jpg
No trecho do quarto parágrafo – to exaggerate a green achievement so as to divert attention –, a expressão so as equivale, em português, a
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Ano: 2013 Banca: VUNESP Órgão: UNESP Prova: VUNESP - 2013 - UNESP - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q357447 Inglês
How can consumers find out if a corporation is “greenwashing” environmentally unsavory practices?

imagem-008.jpg
No texto, o termo greenwashing tem o sentido de
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Ano: 2013 Banca: UERJ Órgão: UERJ Prova: UERJ - 2013 - UERJ - Vestibular - Primeiro Exame |
Q339613 Inglês
Words and expressions such as older (title), live longer (l. 4), longevity (l. 8), older person (l. 34) and the elderly (l. 36) belong to the same semantic field. The elderly is translated as:

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Ano: 2013 Banca: CESPE / CEBRASPE Órgão: UNB Prova: CESPE - 2013 - UNB - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa |
Q335095 Inglês
Based on the cartoon above, judge itens 27 to 29 and choose the correct answer to item 30.

“To take up” is a phrasal verb meaning “to start something as a hobby, for example”.
Alternativas
Ano: 2012 Banca: ACAFE Órgão: UNC Prova: ACAFE - 2012 - UNC - Vestibular - Verão - Medicina |
Q1636873 Inglês
Which of the alternatives below best replaces the expression most likely (first paragraph)?
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Ano: 2012 Banca: ULBRA Órgão: ULBRA Prova: ULBRA - 2012 - ULBRA - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1378954 Inglês
A linking word that can best substitute the word despite, in “[d]espite the findings of this new study, the difficulty of smoking cessation based on sex should not be discounted”, is:
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Q1367110 Inglês

Texto

When superyacht chic meets hybrid technology

By Eoghan Macguire, for CNNAutor



(Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/15/tech/hybrid-superyacht/index.html?hpt=itr_tl>. Acessado em: 16/05/2012)

Concerning the vocabulary it is correct to affirm that


the words “mariner” (line 10), “builder” (line 17), “guests” (line 48), and “crew members” (line 49) all refer to people.

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Q1367107 Inglês

Texto

When superyacht chic meets hybrid technology

By Eoghan Macguire, for CNNAutor



(Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/15/tech/hybrid-superyacht/index.html?hpt=itr_tl>. Acessado em: 16/05/2012)

Concerning the vocabulary it is correct to affirm that


the words “reconcile” (line 2), “fuse” (line 14) and “combine” (line 22) refer to the act of joining the facilities of a superyacht with the concern of protecting the environment.

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Q1367098 Inglês

Texto

When superyacht chic meets hybrid technology

By Eoghan Macguire, for CNNAutor



(Disponível em: <http://edition.cnn.com/2012/05/15/tech/hybrid-superyacht/index.html?hpt=itr_tl>. Acessado em: 16/05/2012)

According to the text it is correct to affirm that


the words “emissions” (line 8), “consumption” (line 9), “production” (line 16), “completion” (line 18), and “performance” (line 36) are all nouns which respectively derive from the words “emit”, “consume”, “product”, “complete”, “perform” and “maintain” which are all verbs.

Alternativas
Ano: 2012 Banca: UEM Órgão: UEM Prova: UEM - 2012 - UEM - Vestibular - PAS - Etapa 1 - Inglês |
Q1364272 Inglês

Texto

Human Rights

BBC Learning English News Word


(Texto adaptado. Disponível em: http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/n ewswords/100211_nw_human_rights_text.pdf Acessado em: 16/05/2012) 

Em relação ao vocabulário do texto, é correto afirmar que


the base form of the verb “denied” (line 33) is deny.

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Respostas
381: A
382: B
383: B
384: D
385: D
386: A
387: C
388: B
389: B
390: C
391: D
392: B
393: B
394: C
395: A
396: C
397: E
398: C
399: E
400: C