Questões de Vestibular
Sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês
Foram encontradas 557 questões
Q1357049
Inglês
Texto associado
WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE?
(Leia o texto para responder a questão)
Floods in Mozambique. Forest fires in Indonesia. Hurricanes in Florida. Storms in the Uk.
Extreme weather events are predicted to became more frequent because of climate changes.
Climate change or global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other polluting gases in our atmosphere. The gases trap heat by forming a blanket around the Earth – like the glass of a greenhouse. Once released, the greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for many years. As they build up, the planet’s temperature rises. Greenhouse gases are released by burning fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – and by cutting down forests.
Choose the best option to fill the gaps
Heat from the sun is ------------ by the gases in our atmosphere.
Q1357048
Inglês
Texto associado
WHAT CAUSES CLIMATE CHANGE?
(Leia o texto para responder a questão)
Floods in Mozambique. Forest fires in Indonesia. Hurricanes in Florida. Storms in the Uk.
Extreme weather events are predicted to became more frequent because of climate changes.
Climate change or global warming is caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other polluting gases in our atmosphere. The gases trap heat by forming a blanket around the Earth – like the glass of a greenhouse. Once released, the greenhouse gases stay in the atmosphere for many years. As they build up, the planet’s temperature rises. Greenhouse gases are released by burning fossil fuels – coal, oil and gas – and by cutting down forests.
Choose the best option to fill the gaps
Flood, hurricanes, forest fires, and ---------- are examples of extreme
weather.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2012 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 1º Dia - 2ª fase |
Q1278809
Inglês
Texto associado
T E X T
SPEAKING two languages rather than just
one has obvious practical benefits in an
increasingly globalized world. But in recent years,
scientists have begun to show that the advantages
of bilingualism are even more fundamental than
being able to converse with a wider range of
people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you
smarter. It can have a profound effect on your
brain, improving cognitive skills not related to
language and even shielding against dementia in
old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably
different from the understanding of bilingualism
through much of the 20th century. Researchers,
educators and policy makers long considered a
second language to be an interference, cognitively
speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and
intellectual development.
They were not wrong about the
interference: there is ample evidence that in a
bilingual’s brain both language systems are active
even when he is using only one language, thus
creating situations in which one system obstructs
the other. But this interference, researchers are
finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a
blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve
internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that
strengthens its cognitive muscles.
Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more
adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of
mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the
psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were
asked to sort blue circles and red squares
presented on a computer screen into two digital
bins — one marked with a blue square and the
other marked with a red circle.
In the first task, the children had to sort
the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin
marked with the blue square and red squares in
the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did
this with comparable ease. Next, the children were
asked to sort by shape, which was more
challenging because it required placing the images
in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The
bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.
The collective evidence from a number of
such studies suggests that the bilingual experience
improves the brain’s so-called executive function
— a command system that directs the attention
processes that we use for planning, solving
problems and performing various other mentally
demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring
distractions to stay focused, switching attention
willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a
sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the tussle between two
simultaneously active language systems improve
these aspects of cognition? Until recently,
researchers thought the bilingual advantage
stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition
that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one
language system: this suppression, it was thought,
would help train the bilingual mind to ignore
distractions in other contexts. But that explanation
increasingly appears to be inadequate, since
studies have shown that bilinguals perform better
than monolinguals even at tasks that do not
require inhibition, like threading a line through an
ascending series of numbers scattered randomly
on a page.
The key difference between bilinguals and
monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened
ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals
have to switch languages quite often — you may
talk to your father in one language and to your
mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a
researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in
Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes
around you in the same way that we monitor our
surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing
German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals
on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues
found that the bilingual subjects not only
performed better, but they also did so with less
activity in parts of the brain involved in
monitoring, indicating that they were more
efficient at it.
The bilingual experience appears to
influence the brain from infancy to old age (and
there is reason to believe that it may also apply to
those who learn a second language later in life).
In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of
the International School for Advanced Studies in
Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two
languages from birth were compared with peers
raised with one language. In an initial set of trials,
the infants were presented with an audio cue and
then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both
infant groups learned to look at that side of the
screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later
set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on
the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed
to a bilingual environment quickly learned to
switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction
while the other babies did not.
Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the
twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly
Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the
neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University
of California, San Diego, found that individuals
with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured
through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in
each language — were more resistant than others
to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of
bilingualism, the later the age of onset.
Nobody ever doubted the power of
language. But who would have imagined that the
words we hear and the sentences we speak might
be leaving such a deep imprint?
Source: www.nytimes.com
As to the meaning of the words “stemmed”,
“tussle”, “gaze”, and “onset” in the text, it is
expressed respectively in
Ano: 2012
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2012 - UECE - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa - 1º Dia - 2ª fase |
Q1278808
Inglês
Texto associado
T E X T
SPEAKING two languages rather than just
one has obvious practical benefits in an
increasingly globalized world. But in recent years,
scientists have begun to show that the advantages
of bilingualism are even more fundamental than
being able to converse with a wider range of
people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you
smarter. It can have a profound effect on your
brain, improving cognitive skills not related to
language and even shielding against dementia in
old age.
This view of bilingualism is remarkably
different from the understanding of bilingualism
through much of the 20th century. Researchers,
educators and policy makers long considered a
second language to be an interference, cognitively
speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and
intellectual development.
They were not wrong about the
interference: there is ample evidence that in a
bilingual’s brain both language systems are active
even when he is using only one language, thus
creating situations in which one system obstructs
the other. But this interference, researchers are
finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a
blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve
internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that
strengthens its cognitive muscles.
Bilinguals, for instance, seem to be more
adept than monolinguals at solving certain kinds of
mental puzzles. In a 2004 study by the
psychologists Ellen Bialystok and Michelle MartinRhee, bilingual and monolingual preschoolers were
asked to sort blue circles and red squares
presented on a computer screen into two digital
bins — one marked with a blue square and the
other marked with a red circle.
In the first task, the children had to sort
the shapes by color, placing blue circles in the bin
marked with the blue square and red squares in
the bin marked with the red circle. Both groups did
this with comparable ease. Next, the children were
asked to sort by shape, which was more
challenging because it required placing the images
in a bin marked with a conflicting color. The
bilinguals were quicker at performing this task.
The collective evidence from a number of
such studies suggests that the bilingual experience
improves the brain’s so-called executive function
— a command system that directs the attention
processes that we use for planning, solving
problems and performing various other mentally
demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring
distractions to stay focused, switching attention
willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind — like remembering a
sequence of directions while driving.
Why does the tussle between two
simultaneously active language systems improve
these aspects of cognition? Until recently,
researchers thought the bilingual advantage
stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition
that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one
language system: this suppression, it was thought,
would help train the bilingual mind to ignore
distractions in other contexts. But that explanation
increasingly appears to be inadequate, since
studies have shown that bilinguals perform better
than monolinguals even at tasks that do not
require inhibition, like threading a line through an
ascending series of numbers scattered randomly
on a page.
The key difference between bilinguals and
monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened
ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals
have to switch languages quite often — you may
talk to your father in one language and to your
mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a
researcher at the University of PompeuFabra in
Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes
around you in the same way that we monitor our
surroundings when driving.” In a study comparing
German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals
on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues
found that the bilingual subjects not only
performed better, but they also did so with less
activity in parts of the brain involved in
monitoring, indicating that they were more
efficient at it.
The bilingual experience appears to
influence the brain from infancy to old age (and
there is reason to believe that it may also apply to
those who learn a second language later in life).
In a 2009 study led by Agnes Kovacs of
the International School for Advanced Studies in
Trieste, Italy, 7-month-old babies exposed to two
languages from birth were compared with peers
raised with one language. In an initial set of trials,
the infants were presented with an audio cue and
then shown a puppet on one side of a screen. Both
infant groups learned to look at that side of the
screen in anticipation of the puppet. But in a later
set of trials, when the puppet began appearing on
the opposite side of the screen, the babies exposed
to a bilingual environment quickly learned to
switch their anticipatory gaze in the new direction
while the other babies did not.
Bilingualism’s effects also extend into the
twilight years. In a recent study of 44 elderly
Spanish-English bilinguals, scientists led by the
neuropsychologist Tamar Gollan of the University
of California, San Diego, found that individuals
with a higher degree of bilingualism — measured
through a comparative evaluation of proficiency in
each language — were more resistant than others
to the onset of dementia and other symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease: the higher the degree of
bilingualism, the later the age of onset.
Nobody ever doubted the power of
language. But who would have imagined that the
words we hear and the sentences we speak might
be leaving such a deep imprint?
Source: www.nytimes.com
An example of a pair of words/terms that
appear in the text with similar meaning is
Ano: 2012
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE - 2012 - UNB - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa 01 |
Q334022
Inglês
Texto associado
Judge the items from 19 through 27 based on to the text above.
Judge the items from 19 through 27 based on to the text above.
The words “poisonous” (L.2), “smog” (L.3), “low-sulfur fuel” (L.14) and “soot” (L.34) convey the idea of “pollutant”.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE - 2012 - UNB - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa 01 |
Q334021
Inglês
Texto associado
Judge the items from 19 through 27 based on to the text above.
Judge the items from 19 through 27 based on to the text above.
In the last paragraph, the verb “lodge” (L.34) conveys the same meaning as the verb damage.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE - 2012 - UNB - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa 01 |
Q334009
Inglês
Texto associado
Judge the items that follow according to the text above.
Judge the items that follow according to the text above.
The expression “wear and tear” (L.32) means unacceptable.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE - 2012 - UNB - Vestibular - Língua Inglesa 01 |
Q334005
Inglês
Texto associado
Judge the following items according to the text above.
Judge the following items according to the text above.
The word “runoff” is a synonym for wastewater.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2012 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Biologia e Inglês 02 |
Q290108
Inglês
The author explains the expression “dumb phone” (L. 19) as
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2012 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Biologia e Inglês 02 |
Q290106
Inglês
Mark the CORRECT statement concerning the meanings of the words extracted from the text.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2012 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Biologia e Inglês 01 |
Q283951
Inglês
Mark the CORRECT statement concerning the meanings of the words extracted from the text.
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RJ
Órgão:
PUC - RJ
Prova:
PUC - RJ - 2012 - PUC - RJ - Vestibular - Biologia e Inglês 01 |
Q283947
Inglês
The author defines “neoteny” as (L. 42)
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Prova:
PUC - RS - 2012 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Prova 02 |
Q278479
Inglês
The best definition for the verb “facing” (line 18), as it is used in the text, is
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Prova:
PUC - RS - 2012 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Prova 02 |
Q278478
Inglês
The statements below are related to words used in the text. The only one which is NOT correct is
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Prova:
PUC - RS - 2012 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Prova 02 |
Q278473
Inglês
The term “likely” (line 02) indicates
Ano: 2012
Banca:
PUC - RS
Órgão:
PUC - RS
Prova:
PUC - RS - 2012 - PUC - RS - Vestibular - Prova 2 |
Q278469
Inglês
The word “breaks” in “attractive women get a lot of the breaks” (lines 01-02) has the same meaning as in:
Q277185
Inglês
In “…the latter is alleged to license such practices.” (lines 169-170) the expression “the latter” refers to
Q277181
Inglês
In the fragments “The interesting aspect of our discussion here is that they do so in a way that relies upon a formulation of groups,” (lines 102-104)” and “As such, they are less concerned with the diversity of the location that migrants and ethnic minorities are from,” (lines 110-112), ‘relies upon’ and ‘concerned with’ mean, respectively,
Q277179
Inglês
The fragment “it is argued’ (line 93) can be substituted without misinterpreting the meaning given in the context by
Q277178
Inglês
In the fragment “An intercultural perspective is better served to these sociological realities, it is argued, in a way that can be contrasted against a multiculturalism that emphasises strong ethnic or cultural identities at the expense of wider cultural exchanges.” (lines 92-96), the expression ‘at the expense of…’ can be substituted, without change in meaning, by
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