Questões de Vestibular
Sobre sinônimos | synonyms em inglês
Foram encontradas 333 questões
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146216
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and
dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate
in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for
food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year
earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those
testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic
beverages rose by 4%.
Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain.
Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost
41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates
now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more
likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to
$400 a month.
As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and
being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while
others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating
site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was
impacting their love life.
“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right
not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a
25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited
because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50
to $100.”
Those still in the dating game have both love and money
on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile
said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for
a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in
half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a
date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.
“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in
the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need
to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result,
people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan
Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.
(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)
In the excerpt from the third paragraph “while others are
pausing their search”, the underlined word can be replaced,
without meaning change, by
Ano: 2022
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
FAMERP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2022 - FAMERP - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Gerais |
Q4146214
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder à questão.
Daters are astonished by the high prices of wining and
dining a romantic interest with inflation at its highest rate
in over 40 years. The consumer price index category for
food away from home rose 7.7% in June 2022 from a year
earlier, while full-service restaurants climbed 8.9%. For those
testing the waters with a cocktail or two, prices for alcoholic
beverages rose by 4%.
Those searching for love say they’re feeling the pain.
Among 3,000 users on the popular dating app Hinge, almost
41% said they were more concerned with the cost of dates
now versus a year ago, with Generation Z respondents more
likely to feel the pressure. Emily Derby, a 27-year-old in Tulsa,
Oklahoma, said her dating costs have doubled from $200 to
$400 a month.
As costs escalate, some singles are scaling back and
being more selective about the dates they’re going on, while
others are pausing their search for “the one” entirely. On dating
site OKCupid, 34% of 70,000 users reported that inflation was
impacting their love life.
“In the fall of 2020, I was going on dates left and right
not really thinking about the costs,” said Seth Rosenberg, a
25-year-old in Philadelphia. “Now, it’s harder to be excited
because if a date goes bad, you’re out anywhere from $50
to $100.”
Those still in the dating game have both love and money
on the mind. New York City-based dating coach Amy Nobile
said even her wealthy clients, many of whom pay $15,000 for
a four-month program, are trying to cut their dating costs in
half. Clients who would typically spend as much as $150 on a
date are seeing if they can get away with $75 or less.
“People are feeling rising prices,” she said. “For those in
the long game to find a partner, they feel like they really need
to monitor their money flow in the dating world.” As a result,
people are on the hunt for less expensive options, said Logan
Ury, director of relationship science at Hinge.
(Paulina Cachero. www.bloomberg.com, 21.07.2022. Adaptado.)
No trecho do segundo parágrafo “with Generation Z
respondents more likely to feel the pressure”, o termo sublinhado equivale, em português, a
Q4142178
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the question.
Advancing gender equity in medicine
[…]
The problem of gender inequity in medical leadership is not the result of too few candidates who are not men with the appropriate experience and training to fulfill leadership roles, nor can it be explained by merely suggesting that different genders do not have the same aspirations as men. Gender inequity is largely underpinned by socially constructed gender norms, roles and relations. For example, gender roles explain why female clinicians with children spend 100.2 minutes more per day on household activities and child care than their male counterparts. This makes it more challenging for female clinicians with children to get ahead. Gender norms explain why more men are given leadership opportunities and have stronger letters of reference than other genders. Furthermore, gender relations explain why men have fewer consequences for uncivil behaviour or for harassment in the workplace compared with other genders. A recent observational study of operating room culture evaluated the prevalence and predictors of exposure to disruptive behaviour in the operating room. Disruptive behaviour was described as a range of unacceptable workplace behaviours, including incivility, bullying and harassment. A further definition provided is “interpersonal behaviour (i.e., directed toward others or occurring in the presence of others) that results in a perceived threat to victims and/or witnesses and violates a reasonable person’s standard of respectful behaviour.” The study found that clinicians who are women report more exposure to disruptive behaviour and are substantially less confident or empowered to take action to address incivility in their hospital and university settings. Gender and sexual harassment may be associated with environments that exhibit gender inequity in pay, opportunity and promotion. Disruptive behaviour and overt harassment likely endure within our medical institutions because the offenders are often considered invaluable to the organization for their stature, leadership, productivity or reputation, and are largely not held unaccountable for their actions, which further amplifies gender inequities.
Ensuring gender equity in medicine is an issue of justice and rights. Having more physicians who are women and more women in health policy leadership also appears to enhance the provision of high-quality patient care. Large, well-conducted observational studies have shown that patients of female clinicians experience better quality of care for diabetes, and significantly lower rates of mortality, hospital readmissions and emergency department visits than those treated by male clinicians. One study considered that reasons for this may include that women spend more time with their patients, are more patient-centred in their approach and provide more evidence-based care. Two recent opinion pieces discuss research showing that female representation on corporate boards, such as hospital boards, results in more socially thoughtful decisions and less corruption. Without gender equity, we risk extinguishing creative solutions to complex health problems and, most importantly, limiting patient access to the best care.
From: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8034331/ CMAJ. 2021 Feb 16; 193(7): E244–E250.
The opposite of “often” in “the offenders are often considered
invaluable” (1st paragraph) is
Q3265626
Inglês
Texto associado
Nineties fashion was hard to pin down. A clash of trends screamed for our attention while others were so quietly cool they're
still sartorial staples in our collective wardrobes: slip dresses, Doc Martens, chokers, crop tops.
While the 1980s were all about volume – padded shoulders, puffed jackets, big hair and an obsession with designer wear – style
in the early 1990s was decidedly low maintenance.
(Available in: https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/1990s-fashion-history/index.html.)
In the first line of the excerpt, the underlined and in bold type expression can be substituted without losing its
meaning by:
Q3265621
Inglês
Texto associado
Kevin Adkins almost kicked the Ice Age skull to the side because he thought it was just debris from a recent flood – then he saw that it had teeth.
When Kevin Adkins took his father-in-law, Tony Hager, on his first turkey hunt on May 8, 2022, the two West Virginians spotted
an animal skull in a Putnam County creek. Covered in mud from a flood that had hit the region two days earlier, it was initially
unidentifiable. So Adkins took it home – and later learned that it belonged to an 11,000-year-old giant sloth.
While 36-year-old Adkins had hunted turkeys in Putnam County plenty of times before, he had never come across something
like this. Trudging through the muddy wilderness, the Red House resident and his father-in-law were primarily interested in nabbing
some wild birds when they encountered the relic.
“We were running and gunning for toms,” Adkins told Outdoor Life. “We’d worked a gobbler for about 30 minutes, then the bird
moved off, so we picked up and headed up the creek. I looked down in the middle of the creek as we crossed it and saw a big blob
of something I thought was a root ball, so I almost kicked it away.”
“But I noticed something different about it and looked closer,” Adkins went on. “That’s when I saw some molar teeth, so I picked
it up.”
Determined not to let the potential find of a lifetime distract from his turkey hunt, Adkins propped the skull next to the creek and
forged ahead. When he and Hager concluded their hunt later that morning, they retrieved the skull and carried it home.
“[My wife] thought it was a cow skull because it was so big,” Adkins said. The skull weighed about 30 pounds and sported tufts
of hair. It had four molar teeth on either side of its jawbone.
“But my father-in-law said no, it was something very different,” continued Adkins. “That’s when we started searching the internet,
sending photos to family and friends, and then I posted it on social media. That really got things moving along with trying to ID what
I’d found.”
(Available in: https://allthatsinteresting.com/tag/news.)
These are expressions, in the text, that make reference to “turkey”, EXCEPT:
Q1994395
Inglês
Texto associado
Essential reading on, and beyond, Indigenous Peoples Day
to acknowledge what is working in our communities and in our movements. (l. 31)
The underlined word may be substituted, without significant change in meaning, by the one below:
Q1994358
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
Na frase “But typical models exhaust their stored energy after
only three or four hours of maximum output, and—as every
smartphone owner knows—their capacity dwindles with each
recharge.” (2º parágrafo), “dwindles” poderia ser substituído,
sem prejuízo de sentido, por
Q1994322
Inglês
Texto associado
From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and
Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they
don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of
the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and
sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener
is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the
dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their
appreciation of a song. But why?
“It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa
Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound
symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the
relationships between utterances and their meaning. This
doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example,
can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in
coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in
branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the
appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a
language. While things like culture and personal experiences
affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she
explained there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale.
“Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds,
while minor scales usually have the slightly darker,
melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.
The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added.
In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our
breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the
sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular
for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play
rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are
also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound
and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude
have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and
even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much
meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these
avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she
added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any
burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then,
to understand music as a discourse between musical
elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in
whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they
listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music,
after all, is the universal language.
Disponível em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado.
Na frase “there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods” (2º parágrafo), a
palavra “convey” poderia ser substituída, sem prejuízo de
sentido, por
Q1862482
Inglês
Considering dental assessments, machine learning tools should:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204437
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia a tira para responder à questão.
(https://thebrickinthesky.wordpress.com)
No trecho do primeiro quadrinho “I guess we should start it
over again”, o termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem
alteração de sentido, por
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular - Cursos das Áreas de Biológicas |
Q4204430
Inglês
Texto associado
Examine os gráficos e leia o texto para responder à questão.
Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger
(Anne Case and Angus Deaton. “Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for
those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial
gaps have narrowed”. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.)
A 25-year-old American with a university degree can
expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who
dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long
known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education
gap is less well documented — and is especially marked in
rich countries. And whereas the average American’s expected
span has been flat in recent years — and, strikingly, even
fell between 2015 and 2017 — that of the one-third with a
bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.
This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to
new research published in the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death
certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and
Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences
in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They
found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s
degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of
degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans
got shorter.
What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some
argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles:
each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a
smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn
more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms
Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets,
including the rise of automation and increased demand for
highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of
employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply
of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be
contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide
and other “deaths of despair”.
(www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “And whereas the average
American’s expected span has been flat in recent years”, o
termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de
sentido, por
Q1858894
Inglês
Texto associado
If you take a look at my smartphone, you’ll know that I like to order out. But am I helping the small local businesses? You would think that if you own a restaurant you’d be thrilled to have an outsourced service that would take care of your delivery operations while leveraging their marketing might to expand your businesses’ brand. However, restaurant owners have complained of lack of quality control once their food goes out the door. They don’t like that the delivery people are the face of their product when it gets into the customer’s hand. Some of the delivery services have been accused of listing restaurants on their apps without the owners’ permission, and oftentimes publish menu items and prices that are incorrect or out of date.
But there is another reason why restaurant owners aren’t fond of delivery services. It’s the costs, which, for some, are becoming unsustainable. Even with the increased revenues from the delivery services, the fees wind up killing a restaurant’s margins to the extent that it’s at best marginally profitable. Therefore, some restaurants are pushing harder to drive orders from their own websites and offering special deals for customers that use their in-house delivery people.
The simple fact is that these delivery apps are here to stay. They are enormously popular and have significantly grown. I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers. The good news is that the delivery platforms are not as evil as some would portray them. They have some skin in the game. They are competing against other services. They want their listed restaurants to profit. Maybe instead of fighting, the nation’s restaurant industry needs to proactively embrace the delivery service industry and figure out ways to profitably work together.
The Guardian. 02 December, 2020. Adaptado.
Em “I believe that restaurant owners that resist these apps are
hurting their brands by missing out on potential customers”
(3º parágrafo), a expressão sublinhada pode ser substituída,
sem prejuízo de sentido, por:
Q1770226
Inglês
Texto associado
PAUL SIMON and ART GARFUNKEL
Adaptado de genius.com.
In line 13, come-on is a verb transformed into a noun. This noun has the following meaning:
Q1770224
Inglês
Texto associado
PAUL SIMON and ART GARFUNKEL
Adaptado de genius.com.
where the ragged people go (l. 8) In the text, the underlined words refer to the following social group:
Q1770223
Inglês
Texto associado
PAUL SIMON and ART GARFUNKEL
Adaptado de genius.com.
I was no more than a boy (l. 5)
The underlined expression may be substituted, without significant change in meaning, by the
word below:
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UNIFESP
Órgão:
UNIFESP
Prova:
UNIFESP - 2021 - UNIFESP - Vestibular - 1º Dia - Língua Portuguesa/ Língua Inglesa / Redação |
Q1682914
Inglês
Texto associado
Remember the good old days, when you could have a
heated-yet-enjoyable debate with your friends about things
that didn’t matter that much — times when you could be a true
fan of the Manchester United soccer team when you didn’t
come from the city of Manchester?
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.
2.____________________
How things have changed.
Now disagreements feel deadly serious. Like when your colleague pronounces that wearing a face mask in public is a threat to his liberty. Or when you see that one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives matter. Before you know it, you’re feeling angry and forming harsh new judgments about your colleagues and friends. Let’s take a collective pause and breathe: there are some ways we can all try to have more civil disagreements in this febrile age of culture wars.
1. ‘Coupling’ and ‘decoupling’
The first is to consider how inclined people are to ‘couple’ or ‘decouple’ topics involving wider political and social factors. Swedish data analyst John Nerst has used the terms to describe the contrasting ways in which people approach contentious issues. Those of us more inclined to ‘couple’ see them as inextricably related to a broader matrix of factors, whereas those more predisposed to ‘decouple’ prefer to consider an issue in isolation. To take a crude example, a decoupler might consider in isolation the question of whether a vaccine provides a degree of immunity to a virus; a coupler, by contrast, would immediately see the issue as inextricably entangled in a mesh of factors, such as pharmaceutical industry power and parental choice.
2.____________________
Most of us are deeply committed to our beliefs, especially
concerning moral and social issues, such that when we’re
presented with facts that contradict our beliefs, we often
choose to dismiss those facts, rather than update our beliefs.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.
A study at Arizona State University, U.S., analysed more than 100,000 comments on a forum where users post their views on an issue and invite others to persuade them to change their mind. The researchers found that regardless of the kind of topic, people were more likely to change their mind when confronted with more evidence-based arguments. “Our work may suggest that while attitude change is hard-won, providing facts, statistics and citations for one’s arguments can convince people to change their minds,” they concluded.
3. Just be nicer?
Finally, it’s easier said than done, but let’s all try to be more respectful of and attentive to each other’s positions. We should do this not just for virtuous reasons, but because the more we create that kind of a climate, the more open-minded and intellectually flexible we will all be inclined to be. And then hopefully, collectively, we can start having more constructive disagreements — even in our present very difficult times.
(Christian Jarrett. www.bbc.com, 14.10.2020. Adaptado.)
In the fragment from the third paragraph “when you see that
one of your friends has just tweeted that, actually, all lives
matter”, the underlined word can be replaced, with no change
in meaning, by
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UPENET/IAUPE
Órgão:
UPE
Prova:
UPENET/IAUPE - 2021 - UPE - Vestibular - 3º Fase - 1º Dia |
Q1679744
Inglês
Considere a análise linguística elaborada para o texto e assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.
Ano: 2021
Banca:
UPENET/IAUPE
Órgão:
UPE
Prova:
UPENET/IAUPE - 2021 - UPE - Vestibular - 2º Fase - 1º Dia |
Q1675846
Inglês
Texto associado
Text 1
What is Distance Learning and Why Is It So Important?
1 Distance learning – any form of remote education where the student is not physically present for
the lesson – is booming thanks to the power of the Internet. In fact, there are a number of
advantages of learning remotely over even traditional teaching models. As the Internet blurs the
line between near and far, distance learning is set to disrupt the current paradigm of education.
2 Historically, distance learning described correspondence courses in which students would
communicate with their schools or teachers by mail. More recently, distance education has
moved online to include a huge range of systems and methods on practically any connected
device.
3 Distance education is clearly different from regular education in terms of a student or teacher‘s
physical presence. For the most part, it translates into increased freedom for both learners and
educators, but it also requires higher degrees of discipline and planning to successfully complete
the course of study.
4 The enhanced freedom of remote learning is most clearly seen in the fact that students can
choose courses that fit their schedules and resources. (Teachers can do the same.) And in the
case of digital learning, students can also choose the location and teaching styles that best suit
their needs.
5 Remote education is certainly not a magic bullet and there will always be a place for in-class
learning. At the same time, distance learning still has a lot of untapped potential to reach students
where they are and connect educators and learners in new ways. From increased flexibility to
new learning styles, it seems that the future of learning will be as diverse in time and place as it
will be in thought.
Disponível em: https://www.viewsonic.com/library/education/what-is-distance-learning-and-why-is-it-so-important/. Texto adaptado.
Acesso em: 20 set. 2020.
In the 4
th paragraph, there are two words that can be used as synonyms. They are
Ano: 2021
Banca:
VUNESP
Órgão:
UNESP
Prova:
VUNESP - 2021 - UNESP - Vestibular- Conhecimentos Gerais - Área de Biológicas |
Q1675415
Inglês
Texto associado
*TV and/or radio
Three-quarters of the world’s children live in countries
where classrooms are closed. As lockdowns ease, schools
should be among the first places to reopen. Children seem
to be less likely than adults to catch covid-19. And the costs
of closure are staggering: in the lost productivity of home
schooling parents; and, far more important, in the damage
done to children by lost learning. The costs fall most heavily
on the youngest, who among other things miss out on
picking up social and emotional skills; and on the less welloff, who are less likely to attend online lessons and who may
be missing meals as well as classes. West African children
whose schools were closed during the Ebola epidemic in
2014 are still paying the price.
(www.economist.com, 01.05.2020. Adaptado.)
No trecho “who are less likely to attend online lessons”, o
termo sublinhado pode ser substituído, sem alteração de
sentido, por
Ano: 2020
Banca:
UECE-CEV
Órgão:
UECE
Prova:
UECE-CEV - 2020 - UECE - Vestibular - Conhecimentos Específicos - Primeiro Dia - Prova 1 - Inglês |
Q2030422
Inglês
Texto associado
Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to
the Oceans Than Thought
The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and
mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further
reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”
From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
The phrase “The research, published in
Science Advances…” (lines 10-11) can be correctly
rewritten as
Conheça nossos planos