Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês
Foram encontradas 6.472 questões
Q1788979
Inglês
Texto associado
How James Brown Made
Black Pride a Hit
It’s been 50 years since he wrote
“Say It Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud,” a
song that is still necessary.
By Randall Kennedy
In the gym at Paul Junior High School
in Washington, D.C., in the spring of 1968,
not that long before the assassination of
the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., I asked
a buddy whether he was interested in a
certain girl. He told me that he was not
because she was too dark.
He and I were African-American.
(Then we would have called ourselves
Negro.) So was she. All of us supported
the Civil Rights Movement and idolized Dr.
King, yet I did not hold my friend’s colorstruck judgment against him. And he did
not state his opinion with embarrassment.
We had both internalized our society’s
derogation of blackness.
Indeed, we luxuriated in the
denigration, spending hours trading
silly, recycled but revealing insults: “Yo
mama so black, she blend in with the
chalkboard.” “Yeah, well, yo mama so
black, she sweats chocolate.”
It was precisely because of widespread
colorism that James Brown’s anthem “Say
It Loud, I’m Black and I’m Proud” posed
a challenge, felt so exhilarating, and
resonated so powerfully. It still does. Much
has changed over the past half century. But,
alas, the need to defend blackness against
derision continues.
Various musicians in the 1960s tapped
into yearnings for black assertiveness,
autonomy and solidarity. Curtis Mayfield and the Impressions sang “We’re a
Winner.” Sly and the Family Stone offered
“Stand.” Sam Cooke (and Aretha Franklin
and Otis Redding) performed “A Change is
Gonna Come.” But no entertainer equaled
Brown’s vocalization of African-Americans’
newly triumphal sense of self-acceptance.
That Brown created the song most
popularly associated with the Black is
Beautiful movement is ironic. He generally
stayed away from protest, endorsed the
presidential re-election of Richard Nixon,
lavishly praised Ronald Reagan, and
consistently lauded Strom Thurmond.
His infrequent sallies into politics
usually sounded in patriotic, lift-yourselfup-ism. In the song “America is My Home,”
he proclaimed without embarrassment that
the United States “is still the best country /
And that’s without a doubt.” Alluding to his
own trajectory, he challenged dissenters to
name any other country in which a person
could start out as a poor shoeshine boy
but end up as a wealthy celebrity shaking
hands with the president.
At the very time that in “Say It Loud,”
Brown seemed to be affirming Negritude,
he also sported a “conk” — a distinctive
hairdo that involved chemically removing
kinkiness on the way to creating a bouffant
of straightened hair. Many AfricanAmerican political activists, especially
those with a black nationalist orientation,
decried the conk as an illustration of racial
self-hatred. For a brief period, Brown
abandoned the conk and adopted an Afro,
but that was only temporary. The conk
was part of the characteristic look of “The
Godfather of Soul.”
Even though by 1968 uprisings against
white supremacism had been erupting
for a decade with great intensity and
success — the Montgomery Bus Boycott,
the Children’s’ Crusade in Birmingham,
the protest against disenfranchisement
in Selma — prejudice against blackness
remained prevalent, including among
African-Americans.
Champions of African-American uplift in
the 1960s sought to liberate blackness from
the layers of contempt, fear, and hatred with
which it had been smeared for centuries.
Brown’s anthem poignantly reflected the psychic problem it sought to address. People
secure in their status don’t feel compelled
to trumpet their pride. At the same time
“Say it Loud!” was a rousing instance of a
reclamation that took many forms. Instead of
celebrating light skin, thin lips, and “good”
(i.e., straight) hair, increasing numbers of
African-Americans began valorizing dark
skin, thick lips and “bad” (i.e., kinky) hair.
The reclamation of blackness in the
sixties made tremendous headway quickly.
By 1970 my friend would not have dared
to repeat out loud what he had told me
unapologetically two years before. Here,
as elsewhere, however, changes wrought
by the black liberation movement, though
impressive, were only partial. Nearly four
decades after the release of “Say It Loud,”
Professors Jennifer Hochschild and Vesla
Weaver, having synthesized the pertinent
academic literature, declared authoritatively
that compared to their lighter-skinned
counterparts, dark-skinned blacks continue
to be burdened by lower levels of education,
income, and job status. They receive longer
prison sentences and are less likely to own
homes or to marry. Filmmakers, advertisers,
modeling agencies, dating websites
and other key gatekeepers demonstrate
repeatedly the ongoing pertinence of the old
saw: If you’re black get back. If you’re brown,
stick around. If you’re white you’re alright.
Intraracial colorism in Black America is
often seen as a topic that should, if possible,
be avoided, especially in “mixed company.”
That sense of embarrassment three decades
ago prompted officials at Morehouse
College to demand that Spike Lee cease
filming on campus once they learned that his
movie was exposing, among other things,
black collegiate colorism. The impulse
toward avoidance remains strong.
With racial prejudice against
all African-Americans still a potent
force, many would just as soon ditch
the discussion of “black on black”
complexional bias. Colorism, however,
remains a baleful reality.
Half a century after James Brown’s
proclamation, it remains imperative to
assert what should have been assumed
and uncontroversial all along: that black is
beautiful and as worthy of pride and care
and consideration as any other hue.
(Adapted from: www.nytimes.com, 20/07/2018)
An important idea brought by the text is
that James Brown’s song “Say It Loud, I’m
Black and I’m Proud” was a milestone in the
defense of:
Q1686603
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
No trecho do quarto parágrafo – unless the last two practices
result in forced labour – o termo em destaque indica ideia de
Q1686602
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
De acordo com o quarto parágrafo, a ILO estima que
Q1686601
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – As contemporary systems
of slavery have evolved – o termo em destaque equivale, em
português, a
Q1686600
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
De acordo com o terceiro parágrafo, a Convenção Suplementar das Nações Unidas de 1956 inclui como escravidão
moderna
Q1686599
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
No trecho do terceiro parágrafo – all work or service which is
exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and
for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily –
o termo em destaque se refere a
Q1686598
Inglês
Texto associado
Leia o texto para responder a questão.
Modern-day slavery: an explainer
Photograph: Mario Tama/Getty
What is modern-day slavery?
About 150 years after most countries banned slavery –
Brazil was the last to abolish its participation in the transatlantic
slave trade, in 1888 – millions of men, women and children are
still enslaved. Contemporary slavery takes many forms, from
women forced into prostitution, to child slavery in agriculture
supply chains or whole families working for nothing to pay
off generational debts. Slavery thrives on every continent and
in almost every country. Forced labour, people trafficking,
debt bondage and child marriage are all forms of modern-day
slavery that affect the world’s most vulnerable people.
How is slavery defined?
Slavery is prohibited under the 1948 Universal Declaration
of Human Rights, which states: “No one shall be held in slavery
or servitude: slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in
all their forms.”
Definitions of modern-day slavery are mainly taken
from the 1956 UN supplementary convention, which says:
“debt bondage, serfdom, forced marriage and the delivery
of a child for the exploitation of that child are all slavery-like
practices and require criminalisation and abolishment”. The
1930 Forced Labour Convention defines forced labour as “all
work or service which is exacted from any person under the
menace of any penalty and for which the said person has
not offered himself voluntarily”. As contemporary systems of
slavery have evolved, new definitions, including trafficking and
distinguishing child slavery from child labour, have developed.
How many people are enslaved across the world?
Due to its illegality, data on modern-day slavery is difficult
to collate. The UN’s International Labour Organisation (ILO)
estimates that about 21 million people are in forced labour
at any point in time. The ILO says this estimate includes
trafficking and other forms of modern slavery. The only
exceptions are trafficking for organ removal, forced marriage
and adoption, unless the last two practices result in forced
labour. The ILO calculates that 90% of the 21 million are
exploited by individuals or companies, while 10% are forced
to work by the state, rebel military groups, or in prisons under
conditions that violate ILO standards. Sexual exploitation
accounts for 22% of slaves.
(www.theguardian.com/global-development/2013/apr/03/modern-day-slavery-explainer. Adaptado)
Leia o primeiro parágrafo, em que se responde à pergunta
“What is modern-day slavery?”. De acordo com esse parágrafo, uma das formas que a escravidão moderna assume é
Q1405889
Inglês
The –ING words “training” (line 40), “ruling”
(line 46), and “flitting” (line122) function
respectively as
Q1405888
Inglês
As to the sentences “Few fiction writers have
written so affectionately about ideas” (127-129),
“You are what you contemplate, so choose
wisely” (lines 150-151), “slavery ended in Brazil
only in 1888” (lines 119-120) and “Above all
looms the figure of the bibliomane” (lines 94-95),
it is correct to state that
Q1405887
Inglês
The sentences “...it still offers a different
and valuable vantage point — especially for
readers who like to keep an eye on the life as
well as the art” (lines 63-66) and “The gentle
romantic blossomed into a wicked ironist whose
authorial intrusions, jump cuts and sheer mischief
influenced American experimentalists like John
Barth and Donald Barthelme” (lines 51-56)
contain, respectively, relative clauses which are
Q1405886
Inglês
In terms of voice of the verb, the sentences
“To Machado, your identity and the contours of your
world are formed not just by your circumstances
but by what you think about habitually” (lines 147-
150) and “Prolonged illness (Machado was
epileptic), and the near loss of his sight, snapped
him to attention” (lines 48-51) are classified, respectively as
Q1405885
Inglês
The verb tenses in “Machado’s stories pulse
with life” (line 79) and “Yet Machado is always
writing...” (line 124), are
Q1405884
Inglês
The sentences “In one tale, a dictator, bald
since youth, decrees that all his subjects must
also shave their heads” (lines 73-75) and “In
another, a father intent on grooming his son to
become ‘a bigwig’ demands he cultivate the
necessary vapidity” (139-142) contain,
respectively, a/an
Q1405883
Inglês
The sentences “The endings are frequently
murky and strange, often abruptly truncated”
(lines 80-81) and “Like his characters, Machado
was a creature of literature” (lines 106-107)
contain, respectively, a/an
Q1405882
Inglês
The sentence “The Collected Stories reveals
the arc of Machado’s career…” (lines 67-68) and
“This creation of a personal cartography… might
explain one of the lingering frustrations with
Machado’s work” (lines 113-117) contain,
respectively, a/an
Q1405881
Inglês
The sentences “Though he never roved far
from his hometown he read widely” (lines 108-
110) and “The gentle romantic blossomed into a
wicked ironist whose authorial intrusions, jump
cuts and sheer mischief influenced American
experimentalists like John Barth and Donald
Barthelme” (lines 51-56) are classified,
respectively, as
Q1405880
Inglês
The sentences “Out of a regimen of
ferocious self-education, he established himself,
initially as a writer of slender romances for and
about the women of the ruling elite” (lines 42-46)
and “In the Anglophone world, a similar kind of
confusion surrounds Joaquim Maria Machado de
Assis (1839-1908), the son and sly chronicler of
Rio de Janeiro” (lines 10-14) are classified,
respectively, as
Q1405879
Inglês
The author mentions a point of connection
that he personally sees in the works of Machado de
Assis and Alice Munro, which is the fact that they
both
Q1405878
Inglês
According to the author of the text, Machado
de Assis
Q1405877
Inglês
It is surprising that Machado, considered the
greatest Latin American writer by Sontag, was
never
Conheça nossos planos