Questões de Vestibular Sobre inglês

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Q1273613
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: INEP Órgão: IF-RR Prova: INEP - 2017 - IF-RR - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1273613 Inglês
TEXT
       Roraima  also differs from other areas of the Amazon, given the timid way in which corporate capital has ventured into the region. Despite its natural riches, there are no large-scale mining or timber operations, and local industries are embryonic. Resulting from the mild stage of capitalist exploration, and relatively recent human occupation, the number and intensity of conflicts over regional resources are substantially smaller.
      Migration represented a leading role in the territorial, political and cultural formation of Roraima. During the 1970s and 1980s the state received a considerable influx of migrants from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, especially from Ceará, Maranhão, Pará and Amazonas states. Overtime migration flows were perpetuated due to the workings of very active migrant social networks, linking very specific communities at origins and destinations. Internally, the city of Boa Vista has played a paramount role attracting immigrants from other states and then redistributing them to other municipalities. The importance of Boa Vista can be grasped from a quick examination of Roraima's urban network, where it exerts the role of a primate city in a highly unbalanced system.
         The tremendous influx of migrants over the 1970s and 1980s had a direct impact in the creation of new municipalities, promoting regional development and economic change, which, in turn, fueled renewed migratory flows. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed an augmentation of such moves projecting an inversion in terms of importance of inter and intrastate moves in future years. After all, interstate long distance moves have historically dominated Roraima's migration system; nonetheless, over the last decades intrastate migration has grown at a much faster pace than longer moves.
           In the near future Roraima is likely to continue drawing migrants from traditional areas given the organic nature of migrant social networks and its tendency to remain active over time. On the other hand, new migration flows are likely to arise and intensify as regional development will create economic opportunities for many, intensifying formal and informal communication channels. Within this context, the service sector, especially the public administration system will allure urban bound migrants from various Brazilian cities. However, one cannot deny the fact that Roraima remains an active agriculture frontier, where the perspective of acquiring a free plot of land is still viable. Thus, Roraima will still receive large waves of landless peasants in the near future, most likely from traditional source areas. Nevertheless, in order to become a valid alternative for the Brazilian poor, it is imperative that current abandonment rates within colonization projects are diminished, preventing them from turning into a demographic void, while the peripheral areas of the encroaching urban places become increasingly plagued with poverty.

(Fragment from “The Colonization of Roraima State, Brazil: an Analysis of its Major Migration Flows (1970 to 2010)”, by Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz and Elisângela Gonçalves Lacerda, Espace populations sociétés [Online], 2014/2-3 | 2015, Online since 01 December 2014, connection on 10 January 2017. URL : http://eps.revues.org/5817 ; DOI : 10.4000/eps.5817)
Choose the only CORRECT alternative which exposes an opposite idea of immigrants:
Alternativas
Q1273612
Inglês Vocabulário | Vocabulary , Sinônimos | Synonyms ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: INEP Órgão: IF-RR Prova: INEP - 2017 - IF-RR - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1273612 Inglês
TEXT
       Roraima  also differs from other areas of the Amazon, given the timid way in which corporate capital has ventured into the region. Despite its natural riches, there are no large-scale mining or timber operations, and local industries are embryonic. Resulting from the mild stage of capitalist exploration, and relatively recent human occupation, the number and intensity of conflicts over regional resources are substantially smaller.
      Migration represented a leading role in the territorial, political and cultural formation of Roraima. During the 1970s and 1980s the state received a considerable influx of migrants from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, especially from Ceará, Maranhão, Pará and Amazonas states. Overtime migration flows were perpetuated due to the workings of very active migrant social networks, linking very specific communities at origins and destinations. Internally, the city of Boa Vista has played a paramount role attracting immigrants from other states and then redistributing them to other municipalities. The importance of Boa Vista can be grasped from a quick examination of Roraima's urban network, where it exerts the role of a primate city in a highly unbalanced system.
         The tremendous influx of migrants over the 1970s and 1980s had a direct impact in the creation of new municipalities, promoting regional development and economic change, which, in turn, fueled renewed migratory flows. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed an augmentation of such moves projecting an inversion in terms of importance of inter and intrastate moves in future years. After all, interstate long distance moves have historically dominated Roraima's migration system; nonetheless, over the last decades intrastate migration has grown at a much faster pace than longer moves.
           In the near future Roraima is likely to continue drawing migrants from traditional areas given the organic nature of migrant social networks and its tendency to remain active over time. On the other hand, new migration flows are likely to arise and intensify as regional development will create economic opportunities for many, intensifying formal and informal communication channels. Within this context, the service sector, especially the public administration system will allure urban bound migrants from various Brazilian cities. However, one cannot deny the fact that Roraima remains an active agriculture frontier, where the perspective of acquiring a free plot of land is still viable. Thus, Roraima will still receive large waves of landless peasants in the near future, most likely from traditional source areas. Nevertheless, in order to become a valid alternative for the Brazilian poor, it is imperative that current abandonment rates within colonization projects are diminished, preventing them from turning into a demographic void, while the peripheral areas of the encroaching urban places become increasingly plagued with poverty.

(Fragment from “The Colonization of Roraima State, Brazil: an Analysis of its Major Migration Flows (1970 to 2010)”, by Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz and Elisângela Gonçalves Lacerda, Espace populations sociétés [Online], 2014/2-3 | 2015, Online since 01 December 2014, connection on 10 January 2017. URL : http://eps.revues.org/5817 ; DOI : 10.4000/eps.5817)
Choose the only CORRECT alternative which exposes an appropriated synonymous to replace the word witnessed, on the third paragraph:
Alternativas
Q1273611
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: INEP Órgão: IF-RR Prova: INEP - 2017 - IF-RR - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1273611 Inglês
TEXT
       Roraima  also differs from other areas of the Amazon, given the timid way in which corporate capital has ventured into the region. Despite its natural riches, there are no large-scale mining or timber operations, and local industries are embryonic. Resulting from the mild stage of capitalist exploration, and relatively recent human occupation, the number and intensity of conflicts over regional resources are substantially smaller.
      Migration represented a leading role in the territorial, political and cultural formation of Roraima. During the 1970s and 1980s the state received a considerable influx of migrants from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, especially from Ceará, Maranhão, Pará and Amazonas states. Overtime migration flows were perpetuated due to the workings of very active migrant social networks, linking very specific communities at origins and destinations. Internally, the city of Boa Vista has played a paramount role attracting immigrants from other states and then redistributing them to other municipalities. The importance of Boa Vista can be grasped from a quick examination of Roraima's urban network, where it exerts the role of a primate city in a highly unbalanced system.
         The tremendous influx of migrants over the 1970s and 1980s had a direct impact in the creation of new municipalities, promoting regional development and economic change, which, in turn, fueled renewed migratory flows. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed an augmentation of such moves projecting an inversion in terms of importance of inter and intrastate moves in future years. After all, interstate long distance moves have historically dominated Roraima's migration system; nonetheless, over the last decades intrastate migration has grown at a much faster pace than longer moves.
           In the near future Roraima is likely to continue drawing migrants from traditional areas given the organic nature of migrant social networks and its tendency to remain active over time. On the other hand, new migration flows are likely to arise and intensify as regional development will create economic opportunities for many, intensifying formal and informal communication channels. Within this context, the service sector, especially the public administration system will allure urban bound migrants from various Brazilian cities. However, one cannot deny the fact that Roraima remains an active agriculture frontier, where the perspective of acquiring a free plot of land is still viable. Thus, Roraima will still receive large waves of landless peasants in the near future, most likely from traditional source areas. Nevertheless, in order to become a valid alternative for the Brazilian poor, it is imperative that current abandonment rates within colonization projects are diminished, preventing them from turning into a demographic void, while the peripheral areas of the encroaching urban places become increasingly plagued with poverty.

(Fragment from “The Colonization of Roraima State, Brazil: an Analysis of its Major Migration Flows (1970 to 2010)”, by Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz and Elisângela Gonçalves Lacerda, Espace populations sociétés [Online], 2014/2-3 | 2015, Online since 01 December 2014, connection on 10 January 2017. URL : http://eps.revues.org/5817 ; DOI : 10.4000/eps.5817)
Choose the only INCORRECT alternative about Boa Vista:
Alternativas
Q1273610
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: INEP Órgão: IF-RR Prova: INEP - 2017 - IF-RR - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1273610 Inglês
TEXT
       Roraima  also differs from other areas of the Amazon, given the timid way in which corporate capital has ventured into the region. Despite its natural riches, there are no large-scale mining or timber operations, and local industries are embryonic. Resulting from the mild stage of capitalist exploration, and relatively recent human occupation, the number and intensity of conflicts over regional resources are substantially smaller.
      Migration represented a leading role in the territorial, political and cultural formation of Roraima. During the 1970s and 1980s the state received a considerable influx of migrants from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, especially from Ceará, Maranhão, Pará and Amazonas states. Overtime migration flows were perpetuated due to the workings of very active migrant social networks, linking very specific communities at origins and destinations. Internally, the city of Boa Vista has played a paramount role attracting immigrants from other states and then redistributing them to other municipalities. The importance of Boa Vista can be grasped from a quick examination of Roraima's urban network, where it exerts the role of a primate city in a highly unbalanced system.
         The tremendous influx of migrants over the 1970s and 1980s had a direct impact in the creation of new municipalities, promoting regional development and economic change, which, in turn, fueled renewed migratory flows. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed an augmentation of such moves projecting an inversion in terms of importance of inter and intrastate moves in future years. After all, interstate long distance moves have historically dominated Roraima's migration system; nonetheless, over the last decades intrastate migration has grown at a much faster pace than longer moves.
           In the near future Roraima is likely to continue drawing migrants from traditional areas given the organic nature of migrant social networks and its tendency to remain active over time. On the other hand, new migration flows are likely to arise and intensify as regional development will create economic opportunities for many, intensifying formal and informal communication channels. Within this context, the service sector, especially the public administration system will allure urban bound migrants from various Brazilian cities. However, one cannot deny the fact that Roraima remains an active agriculture frontier, where the perspective of acquiring a free plot of land is still viable. Thus, Roraima will still receive large waves of landless peasants in the near future, most likely from traditional source areas. Nevertheless, in order to become a valid alternative for the Brazilian poor, it is imperative that current abandonment rates within colonization projects are diminished, preventing them from turning into a demographic void, while the peripheral areas of the encroaching urban places become increasingly plagued with poverty.

(Fragment from “The Colonization of Roraima State, Brazil: an Analysis of its Major Migration Flows (1970 to 2010)”, by Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz and Elisângela Gonçalves Lacerda, Espace populations sociétés [Online], 2014/2-3 | 2015, Online since 01 December 2014, connection on 10 January 2017. URL : http://eps.revues.org/5817 ; DOI : 10.4000/eps.5817)
Choose the only alternative which shows what it is INCORRECT to affirm about the immigration process in Roraima:
Alternativas
Q1273609
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: INEP Órgão: IF-RR Prova: INEP - 2017 - IF-RR - Vestibular - Primeiro Semestre |
Q1273609 Inglês
TEXT
       Roraima  also differs from other areas of the Amazon, given the timid way in which corporate capital has ventured into the region. Despite its natural riches, there are no large-scale mining or timber operations, and local industries are embryonic. Resulting from the mild stage of capitalist exploration, and relatively recent human occupation, the number and intensity of conflicts over regional resources are substantially smaller.
      Migration represented a leading role in the territorial, political and cultural formation of Roraima. During the 1970s and 1980s the state received a considerable influx of migrants from the North and Northeast regions of Brazil, especially from Ceará, Maranhão, Pará and Amazonas states. Overtime migration flows were perpetuated due to the workings of very active migrant social networks, linking very specific communities at origins and destinations. Internally, the city of Boa Vista has played a paramount role attracting immigrants from other states and then redistributing them to other municipalities. The importance of Boa Vista can be grasped from a quick examination of Roraima's urban network, where it exerts the role of a primate city in a highly unbalanced system.
         The tremendous influx of migrants over the 1970s and 1980s had a direct impact in the creation of new municipalities, promoting regional development and economic change, which, in turn, fueled renewed migratory flows. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed an augmentation of such moves projecting an inversion in terms of importance of inter and intrastate moves in future years. After all, interstate long distance moves have historically dominated Roraima's migration system; nonetheless, over the last decades intrastate migration has grown at a much faster pace than longer moves.
           In the near future Roraima is likely to continue drawing migrants from traditional areas given the organic nature of migrant social networks and its tendency to remain active over time. On the other hand, new migration flows are likely to arise and intensify as regional development will create economic opportunities for many, intensifying formal and informal communication channels. Within this context, the service sector, especially the public administration system will allure urban bound migrants from various Brazilian cities. However, one cannot deny the fact that Roraima remains an active agriculture frontier, where the perspective of acquiring a free plot of land is still viable. Thus, Roraima will still receive large waves of landless peasants in the near future, most likely from traditional source areas. Nevertheless, in order to become a valid alternative for the Brazilian poor, it is imperative that current abandonment rates within colonization projects are diminished, preventing them from turning into a demographic void, while the peripheral areas of the encroaching urban places become increasingly plagued with poverty.

(Fragment from “The Colonization of Roraima State, Brazil: an Analysis of its Major Migration Flows (1970 to 2010)”, by Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz and Elisângela Gonçalves Lacerda, Espace populations sociétés [Online], 2014/2-3 | 2015, Online since 01 December 2014, connection on 10 January 2017. URL : http://eps.revues.org/5817 ; DOI : 10.4000/eps.5817)
Choose the only alternative which shows what it is CORRECT to say about the text:
Alternativas
Q1271512
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271512 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

“Which” in the sentence “(…) the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs (…)” refers to:
Alternativas
Q1271511
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271511 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

When will the bongs begin again regularly?
Alternativas
Q1271510
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271510 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

What is the official name of the clock tower that houses the famous bell?
Alternativas
Q1271509
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271509 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

Why will Big Ben be silent for four years?
Alternativas
Q1271508
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: FUNTEF - PR Órgão: IF-PR Prova: FUNTEF-PR - 2017 - IF-PR - Vestibular |
Q1271508 Inglês

August 16, 2017 / 10:00 AM

Four years without Big Ben’s bongs? It can’t be right, says UK PM May

    LONDON (Reuters) - Prime Minister Theresa May said on Wednesday it could not be right for “Big Ben”, the bell in the British parliament’s clock tower whose bongs (1)_______, to fall silent for four years during renovations. May joined other politicians who have protested at the news that the great bell, which has rung every hour for most of the past 157 years, would cease its bongs to ensure the safety of workers carrying out renovations on the tower.

    “Of course we want to ensure that people are safe at work, but it can’t be right for Big Ben to be silent for four years,” May told reporters.

    “I hope that the Speaker (of the House of Commons) ... will urgently look into this and ensure that we can hear Big Ben through those four years.”

    Big Ben’s bongs, which are heard marking the start of some of the BBC’s flagship news bulletins, are part of the soundtrack of daily life in the British capital and beyond.

    Officially known as the Elizabeth Tower, the clock tower that houses Big Ben is believed to be the most photographed building in the United Kingdom. May’s comments were more restrained than those of her Brexit minister, David Davis, who said on Tuesday that (2)_____.

    Another Conservative politician, member of parliament Nigel Evans, suggested earlier on Wednesday that the bongs could be switched back on every evening when the workers carrying out the renovations of the clock tower finished for the day.

    Steve Jaggs, parliament’s Keeper of the Great Clock, had announced this week that Big Ben would stop its regular chimes at midday (1100 GMT) on Monday, Aug. 21, inviting members of the public to gather nearby to hear the final bongs.

    The bell will still toll for important (3)_____ but will otherwise remain silent until 2021.

Reporting by Estelle Shirbon; editing by Michael Holden (Adaptado de Acesso em 16/08/2017) 

In the previous text, three parts of sentences have been removed. Below you will find the three removed parts PLUS one which doesn’t fit. Choose from the parts of sentences (I – IV) the one which fits each gap (1 – 3). Remember, there is one extra sentence you do not need to use. Sentences I) the House of Commons said on Monday II) events such as New Year’s Eve celebrations III) are one of the country’s most familiar sounds IV) the silencing of Big Ben for such a long period was “mad”
Now choose the correct alternative.
Alternativas
Q1271227
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271227 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Why does Artificial Intelligence (AI) pick up biases?
Alternativas
Q1271226
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271226 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Com relação ao teste desenvolvido pelos pesquisadores para calcular o preconceito, assinale a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q1271225
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271225 Inglês
AI Picks Up Racial and Gender Biases When Learning from What Humans Write

AI1 picks up racial and gender biases2 when learning language from text, researchers say. Without any supervision, a machine learning algorithm learns to associate female names more with family words than career words, and black names as being more unpleasant than white names.

For a study published today in Science, researchers tested the bias of a common AI model, and then matched the results against a well-known psychological test that measures bias in humans. The team replicated in the algorithm all the psychological biases they tested, according to a study from co-author Aylin Caliskan, a post-doc at Princeton University. Because machine learning algorithms are so common, influencing everything from translation to scanning names on resumes, this research shows that the biases are pervasive, too. 

An algorithm is a set of instructions that humans write to help computers learn. Think of it like a recipe, says Zachary Lipton, an AI researcher at UC San Diego who was not involved in the study. Because algorithms use existing materials — like books or text on the internet — it’s obvious that AI can pick up biases if the materials themselves are biased. (For example, Google Photos tagged black users as gorillas.) We’ve known for a while, for instance, that language algorithms learn to associate the word “man” with “professor” and the word “woman” with “assistant professor.” But this paper is interesting because it incorporates previous work done in psychology on human biases, Lipton says.

For today’s study, Caliskan’s team created a test that resembles the Implicit Association Test (IAT), which is commonly used in psychology to measure how biased people are (though there has been some controversy over its accuracy). In the IAT, subjects are presented with two images — say, a white man and a black man — and words like “pleasant” or “unpleasant.” The IAT calculates how quickly you match up “white man” and “pleasant” versus “black man” and “pleasant,” and vice versa. The idea is that the longer it takes you to match up two concepts, the more trouble you have associating them.

The test developed by the researchers also calculates bias, but instead of measuring “response time”, it measures the mathematical distance between two words. In other words, if there’s a bigger numerical distance between a black name and the concept of “pleasant” than a white name and “pleasant”, the model’s association between the two isn’t as strong. The further apart the words are, the less the algorithm associates them together.

Caliskan’s team then tested their method on one particular algorithm: Global Vectors for Word Representation (GLoVe) from Stanford University. GLoVe basically crawls the web to find data and learns associations between billions of words. The researchers found that, in GLoVe, female words are more associated with arts than with math or science, and black names are seen as more unpleasant than white names. That doesn’t mean there’s anything wrong with the AI system, per se, or how the AI is learning — there’s something wrong with the material.

1AI: Artificial Intelligence
2bias: prejudice; preconception

Disponível em <http://www.theverge.com/>. Acesso em: 18/04/2017.
Assinale a alternativa que está de acordo com o texto.
Alternativas
Q1271224
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271224 Inglês

Com relação às expressões abaixo, assinale a alternativa correta.
written word, movable type, mass publication
Alternativas
Q1271223
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF SUL - MG Órgão: IF Sul - MG Prova: IF SUL - MG - 2017 - IF Sul - MG - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1271223 Inglês

A evolução da comunicação é retratada com ironia no cartum. Com relação à figura e ao texto, é INCORRETO afirmar que:
Alternativas
Q1270624
Inglês Pronomes | Pronouns , Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension , Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF-MT Órgão: IF-MT Prova: IF-MT - 2017 - IF-MT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1270624 Inglês

TEXTO I 

HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING

Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef


Quanto aos referentes do texto, analise as frases e os referentes em destaque para assinalar a opção correta:
Alternativas
Q1270623
Inglês Tradução | Translation , Vocabulário | Vocabulary ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF-MT Órgão: IF-MT Prova: IF-MT - 2017 - IF-MT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1270623 Inglês

TEXTO I 

HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING

Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef


Em: The latest research shows that the weight of cutlery [...] (L. 15 - 16), o significado da palavra cutlery é:
Alternativas
Q1270622
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF-MT Órgão: IF-MT Prova: IF-MT - 2017 - IF-MT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1270622 Inglês

TEXTO I 

HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING

Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef


Em: In fact, many people don’t even use their dining space at home, [...] (L. 27 - 28), a palavra de ligação “In fact”, confere ao texto uma ideia de:
Alternativas
Q1270621
Inglês Aspectos linguísticos | Linguistic aspects ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF-MT Órgão: IF-MT Prova: IF-MT - 2017 - IF-MT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1270621 Inglês

TEXTO I 

HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING

Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef


Marque a opção em que o item sublinhado é um grupo nominal:
Alternativas
Q1270620
Inglês Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension ,
Ano: 2017 Banca: IF-MT Órgão: IF-MT Prova: IF-MT - 2017 - IF-MT - Vestibular - Segundo Semestre |
Q1270620 Inglês

TEXTO I 

HOW TO TRICK YOUR BRAIN INTO HEALTHY EATING

Charles Spence and Jozef Youssef


No que diz respeito aos resultados das pesquisas, analise as assertivas abaixo: I. As pesquisas provaram que os alimentos orgânicos colocados em louças maiores não enganam o nosso estômago. II. Colocar alimentos em louças menores tende a enganar o nosso cérebro para acreditar que estamos comendo mais. III. Servir comida calórica em diferentes vasilhames mais pesados pode nos dar a sensação de volume e profundidade. IV. As pesquisas mostram que comer com a mão não dominante, geralmente leva a um consumo menor de alimentos. Está CORRETO o que se afirma em:
Alternativas
Respostas
2221: E
2222: E
2223: C
2224: D
2225: C
2226: D
2227: A
2228: D
2229: C
2230: B
2231: B
2232: A
2233: C
2234: B
2235: D
2236: C
2237: E
2238: D
2239: A
2240: B
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