Questões de Vestibular Comentadas sobre inglês
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Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change, competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample, but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development. The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.
Water availability and access are key constraints to poverty reduction and food security. Maintaining enough water for agriculture of reasonable quality will be increasingly difficult due to climate change, competition for water with industries, urban uses and the environment, and the need to produce biofuels. Much of the world is faced with a situation where water supplies for various uses are overallocated, with river flows much reduced, groundwater levels dropping, and important ecosystems threatened - a situation of physical water scarcity. Much of this is driven by agricultural water use. In other parts of the world, availability of water in rivers, wetlands, and aquifers is ample, but access is difficult because people have not found means to develop the water resource - a situation of economic water scarcity. Adaptive management strategies are required to balance decreasing availability with increasing demand, while coping with uncertainties. These include water allocation strategies, development of appropriate types of water storage ranging from small ponds to large reservoirs and from surface structures to managed aquifers, and adopting policies that provide incentives to use water differently. As new water infrastructure is a key strategy for improving secure access for agriculture, the theme considers various benefits and costs of infrastructural development. The overall aim is to maintain equity in water access, agricultural productivity, human health and environmental quality in the face of increasing water scarcity at local, basin and transboundary scales via development of adaptive management strategies, policy responses and tradeoffs.
One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.
One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.
One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.
One of the negative effects of industrialization on human activity and the environment is the production of excessive light. Most people do not consider the surplus of artificial light as a form of pollution because it is not permanent; all we must do is collectively turn out our lights to make it disappear. In reality, however, such a solution is unrealistic because our society needs artificial light to function. Light pollution is mainly caused by lighting systems that are misdirected, excessive, inefficient or unnecessary. The negative effects of light pollution on human activity are numerous. From an economic point of view, for example, the use of excessive lighting or unnecessary lighting constitutes a waste of energy that is costly to both the individual and to industries. On a larger scale, excessive lighting can have an impact on global climate change if the required electricity was generated by burning fossil fuels. Wildlife and plants are also affected. For example, nighttime lighting can confuse animals that migrate (like migratory birds), can modify predator-prey relationships, and can even alter competitiveness within the same species.
The blank I, in the text, must be correctly completed with
Text 3
Play it Forward Adventures combines volunteerism with active outdoor adventure making every vacation a personal, all-encompassing experience.
Volunteer. Build desks for school children in Thailand, read stories to orphans in Kenya, or construct a home for a family in Guatemala. Opportunities to volunteer are endless and the needs around the world are abundant. One person can make a difference.
Explore. Treat yourself to active, outdoor adventures that will leave you feeling invigorated. Mountain bike through corn fields, conquer a volcano, or kayak untapped waters. Wherever our adventures take you, we promise an open air approach.
Connect. Connect with yourself or a loved one when you step away from the comforts of home to experience something new and different. Share special moments with locals and like-minded travelers making memories that will last you a lifetime.
Time to reflect and relax is built in to every tour making each experience as much rejuvenating as it is rewarding.
Play it forward on your next vacation getaway!
Adapted from: <http://www.flyforgood.com/nonprofit.php?page_id=100>
According to text 3, select the CORRECT proposition to answer the following question:
What does 
offer to volunteers?
Adventures to make people feel re-energized.
Text 2
At Greenheart Travel we are passionate about helping people reach their full potential through unforgettable experiences abroad. Whether you want to teach in the Republic of Georgia, spend a high school semester in Spain or volunteer with the Maasai tribe in East Africa, we’ll help you get there.
Greenheart Travel is part of the Center for Cultural Interchange, an environmentally responsible volunteer organization founded in 1985 to promote cultural understanding, academic development, environmental consciousness and world peace. As the leading eco-friendly exchange organization, Greenheart Travel envisions a sustainable world where cultural differences are celebrated and people are empowered to continually expand their hearts and minds.
Adapted from: <http://www.flyforgood.com/nonprofit.php?page_id=614>
Accessed on July 17th., 2011.
The text 
refers to a special non-profit organization whose missions and visions are:
A( ) to provide experiences abroad for people who work in the Center for Cultural Interchange.
B( ) to support cultural understanding so that people can expand their hearts and minds.
C( ) to imagine a sustainable world and to celebrate cultural diversity.
D( ) to help people to spend their money while traveling abroad.
E( ) to choose volunteers who are working in Spain, in Georgia and in East Africa.
The CORRECT alternative(s) is (are):
A, B, C, D, E.
In the third and fourth paragraphs, there are different sensory images, as in the fragment below:
I breathed in the delicious smell of the steam rising from the pot. (l. 17 )
In this fragment, the narrator makes use of the following type of imagery:
Read text 2 to answer question.
Text 2
For Obama, Big Rise in Poll Numbers After Bin Laden Raid
Support for President Obama has risen sharply following the killing of Osama bin Laden by American military forces in Pakistan. Support for the president rose significantly among both Republicans and independents.
Among independents, his approval rating increased 11 points from last month, to 52 percent, while among Republicans it rose 15 points, to 24 percent. Among Democrats, 86 percent supported his job performance, compared with 79 percent in April.
In all, 57 percent said they now approved of the president’s job performance, up from 46 percent last month. More than six in 10 Americans said that killing Bin Laden was likely to increase the threat of terrorism against the United States in the short term. Nearly half said the nation should decrease troop levels in Afghanistan, but more than six in 10 also said the United States had not completed its mission in Afghanistan.
Adapted from: The New York Times. Available in http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/us/politics/05poll.html ?hp. Access on: May 04, 2011.
Read text 2 to answer question.
Text 2
For Obama, Big Rise in Poll Numbers After Bin Laden Raid
Support for President Obama has risen sharply following the killing of Osama bin Laden by American military forces in Pakistan. Support for the president rose significantly among both Republicans and independents.
Among independents, his approval rating increased 11 points from last month, to 52 percent, while among Republicans it rose 15 points, to 24 percent. Among Democrats, 86 percent supported his job performance, compared with 79 percent in April.
In all, 57 percent said they now approved of the president’s job performance, up from 46 percent last month. More than six in 10 Americans said that killing Bin Laden was likely to increase the threat of terrorism against the United States in the short term. Nearly half said the nation should decrease troop levels in Afghanistan, but more than six in 10 also said the United States had not completed its mission in Afghanistan.
Adapted from: The New York Times. Available in http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/us/politics/05poll.html ?hp. Access on: May 04, 2011.
Read text 2 to answer question.
Text 2
For Obama, Big Rise in Poll Numbers After Bin Laden Raid
Support for President Obama has risen sharply following the killing of Osama bin Laden by American military forces in Pakistan. Support for the president rose significantly among both Republicans and independents.
Among independents, his approval rating increased 11 points from last month, to 52 percent, while among Republicans it rose 15 points, to 24 percent. Among Democrats, 86 percent supported his job performance, compared with 79 percent in April.
In all, 57 percent said they now approved of the president’s job performance, up from 46 percent last month. More than six in 10 Americans said that killing Bin Laden was likely to increase the threat of terrorism against the United States in the short term. Nearly half said the nation should decrease troop levels in Afghanistan, but more than six in 10 also said the United States had not completed its mission in Afghanistan.
Adapted from: The New York Times. Available in http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/05/us/politics/05poll.html ?hp. Access on: May 04, 2011.
I. The approval of president Obama’s government is higher after bin Laden’s death. II. Now, 52% of independents and 15% of Republicans support Obama’s government. III. The majority of the population believes terrorism will end because bin Laden is dead. IV. Most Americans believe the war in Afghanistan is no longer necessary.
It is right to affirm that:
Leia o excerto a seguir e responda a próximas questão:
REDUCING CONSUMPTION
Reducing your consumption also reduces how much you contribute to the environmental problems of global warming and waste disposal. It also helps you save money:
- • Switch off electrical appliances when not used.
- • Reuse plastic bags.
- • Recycle newspapers, magazines, bottles and cans.
- • Walk, cycle or share transport instead of driving your car.
- • Buy second-hand goods or clothes.
What other ways are there to consume less and save money?
For more information visit:
Recycle Now www.recyclenow.com
Greenpeace www.greenpeace.org.uk
Energy Saving Trust www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
Environment Agency www.environment-agency.gov.uk
http://www.moneymakesense.co.uk/ethical_text.htm
Leia o excerto a seguir e responda a próximas questão:
REDUCING CONSUMPTION
Reducing your consumption also reduces how much you contribute to the environmental problems of global warming and waste disposal. It also helps you save money:
- • Switch off electrical appliances when not used.
- • Reuse plastic bags.
- • Recycle newspapers, magazines, bottles and cans.
- • Walk, cycle or share transport instead of driving your car.
- • Buy second-hand goods or clothes.
What other ways are there to consume less and save money?
For more information visit:
Recycle Now www.recyclenow.com
Greenpeace www.greenpeace.org.uk
Energy Saving Trust www.energysavingtrust.org.uk
Environment Agency www.environment-agency.gov.uk
http://www.moneymakesense.co.uk/ethical_text.htm
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