Questões de Vestibular
Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 5.299 questões
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391679
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
How we learn things shapes our memory
Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.
As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.
Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.
In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.
One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.
The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.
A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.
The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.
The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.
"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.
When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
When it comes to storing, retrieving and forgetting
information
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391678
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
How we learn things shapes our memory
Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.
As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.
Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.
In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.
One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.
The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.
A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.
The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.
The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.
"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.
When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
Generally speaking
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391677
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
How we learn things shapes our memory
Humans are constantly learning new things. This ability helps us to grow and adapt to new situations daily. But a new study suggests that different learning mechanisms actually shape how the brain stores memories.
As humans, we have not only survived, but thrived throughout time thanks to our ability to learn and adapt to new situations.
Learning itself is a complex process, and there are different types of learning mechanisms through which the brain stores new information and updates old information.
In general terms, there are two ways of learning that humans use to acquire new information in the long term.
One is by association, or through experience. This is when we learn new things incidentally, just because we happened to come across them, or because we are in a new environment that we are learning to navigate little by little.
The other one is learning by reinforcement. This is when we purposefully set out to learn new information — when we take a language course, for example.
A new study conducted by researchers from the Department of Experimental Psychology, the Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, and the Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences — all in Oxford, United Kingdom — indicates that different learning mechanisms have links to memories stored in different parts of the brain.
The researchers add that not only do we store information differently depending on how we acquire it, but that it may be more or less easy for us to lose or change this information for the same reason.
The researchers also explain that the findings indicate that the brain can store information learned through reinforcement for a long time, while other types of information remain more available for updates.
"We also learned that some of this knowledge is very persistent, and the brain does not forget about it even when it becomes irrelevant, while knowledge acquired through an alternative learning mechanism is more flexible and can more easily be changed to new knowledge," notes KleinFlügge.
When it comes to unlearning or forgetting information, the researchers also note that information acquired incidentally through associations is easier to discard than information acquired through goal-oriented learning.
Adaptado de: < https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326826.php> Acessado em 29 de outubro de 2019.
According to the text
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391676
Inglês
Texto associado
In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine
whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary
atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an
experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping
smoking, stress management training, and moderate
exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195
coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative
coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter
stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in
the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to
46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater
than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage
diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8
(11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from
61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall,
82% of experimental-group patients had an average change
towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may
be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary
atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary
heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial.
Abstract
Adaptado de:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1973470> Acessado
em 27 de outubro de 2017.
In “Comprehensive lifestyle changes may be able to
bring about regression…” may expresses:
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391675
Inglês
Texto associado
In a prospective, randomised, controlled trial to determine
whether comprehensive lifestyle changes affect coronary
atherosclerosis after 1 year, 28 patients were assigned to an
experimental group (low-fat vegetarian diet, stopping
smoking, stress management training, and moderate
exercise) and 20 to a usual-care control group. 195
coronary artery lesions were analysed by quantitative
coronary angiography. The average percentage diameter
stenosis regressed from 40.0 (SD 16.9)% to 37.8 (16.5)% in
the experimental group yet progressed from 42.7 (15.5)% to
46.1 (18.5)% in the control group. When only lesions greater
than 50% stenosed were analysed, the average percentage
diameter stenosis regressed from 61.1 (8.8)% to 55.8
(11.0)% in the experimental group and progressed from
61.7 (9.5)% to 64.4 (16.3)% in the control group. Overall,
82% of experimental-group patients had an average change
towards regression. Comprehensive lifestyle changes may
be able to bring about regression of even severe coronary
atherosclerosis after only 1 year, without use of lipidlowering drugs
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it.
Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary
heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial.
Abstract
Adaptado de:
<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1973470> Acessado
em 27 de outubro de 2017.
The research conducted showed that
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391674
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it
Disponível em: < https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Prescription> Acessado em 11 de outubro de 2017
Jane Michelle Smith has been instructed to
Ano: 2019
Banca:
Cepros
Órgão:
CESMAC
Prova:
Cepros - 2019 - CESMAC - Prova de Medicina-2020.1- 1° DIA |
Q1391673
Inglês
Texto associado
Read the text below and answer the following question based on it
Disponível em: < https://www.wikihow.com/Write-a-Prescription> Acessado em 11 de outubro de 2017
Jane has been told to
Q1391458
Inglês
Observe o infográfico a seguir para responder à questão .
According to the information expressed in the image and the data, The Global Goals, we verify that the
Q1391456
Inglês
Texto associado
This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism
Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists
appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global
economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift
to less efficient energy sources .
Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising
inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the
way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil
fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer
explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.
Energy shift
Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who
were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development
Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources
that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic
human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our
energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they
can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it
becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is
decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation
than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of
their impact on the climate.
Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It
depends on how you define capitalism.
Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering
emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the
best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable
reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.
Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).
Considerando os aspectos semânticos presentes no texto, verifica-se que a construção
Q1391455
Inglês
Texto associado
This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalism
Capitalism as we know it is over. So suggests a new report commissioned by a group of scientists
appointed by the UN secretary general. The main reason? We’re transitioning rapidly to a radically different global
economy, due to our increasingly unsustainable exploitation of the planet’s environmental resources and the shift
to less efficient energy sources .
Climate change and species extinctions are accelerating even as societies are experiencing rising
inequality, unemployment, slow economic growth, rising debt levels, and impotent governments. Contrary to the
way policymakers usually think about these problems these are not really separate crises at all.
These crises are part of the same fundamental transition. The new era is characterized by inefficient fossil
fuel production and escalating costs of climate change. Conventional capitalist economic thinking can no longer
explain, predict or solve the workings of the global economy in this new age.
Energy shift
Those are the implications of a new background paper prepared by a team of Finnish biophysicists who
were asked to provide research that would feed into the drafting of the UN Global Sustainable Development
Report (GSDR), which will be released in 2019.
For the “first time in human history”, the paper says, capitalist economies are “shifting to energy sources
that are less energy efficient.” Producing usable energy (“exergy”) to keep powering “both basic and non-basic
human activities” in industrial civilisation “will require more, not less, effort”.
At the same time, our hunger for energy is driving what the paper refers to as “sink costs.” The greater our
energy and material use, the more waste we generate, and so the greater the environmental costs. Though they
can be ignored for a while, eventually those environmental costs translate directly into economic costs as it
becomes more and more difficult to ignore their impacts on our societies.
Overall, the amount of energy we can extract, compared to the energy we are using to extract it, is
decreasing across the spectrum – unconventional oils, nuclear and renewables return less energy in generation
than conventional oils, whose production has peaked – and societies need to abandon fossil fuels because of
their impact on the climate.
Whether or not this system still comprises a form of capitalism is ultimately a semantic question. It
depends on how you define capitalism.
Economic activity is driven by meaning – maintaining equal possibilities for the good life while lowering
emissions dramatically – rather than profit, and the meaning is politically, collectively constructed. Well, this is the
best conceivable case in terms of modern state and market institutions. It can’t happen without considerable
reframing of economic-political thinking, in short words: rethinking capitalism as it is nowadays.
Disponível em: <https://www.independent.co.uk/news/long_reads/capitalism-un-scientists-preparing-end-fossil-fuels-warning-demise-a8523856.html>. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2019. (Adaptado).
Considerando as ideias apresentadas no texto, constata-se que
Q1387242
Inglês
Considere o cartum a seguir para responder à questão.
(https://www.gocomics.com/nickanderson/2019/01/11 - Acessado em: 10/03/2019.
De acordo com o cartum, Trump
Q1387241
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto a seguir para a questão.
Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
By Jean Seaton - 7 May 2018
The book, with its disorientating first sentence, “It was a bright cold
day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen”, defines the peculiar
characteristics of modern tyranny. In 1984 television screens watch you,
and everyone spies on everyone else. Today it is social media that collects
every gesture, purchase, comment we make online, and feeds an omniscient
presence in our lives that can predict our every preference. Modelled on
consumer choices, where the user is the commodity that is being marketed,
the harvesting of those preferences for political campaigns is now distorting
democracy.
But the greatest horror in Orwell’s dystopia is the systematic stripping
of meaning out of language. The regime aims to eradicate words and the
ideas and feelings they embody. Its real enemy is reality. Tyrannies attempt
to make understanding the real world impossible: seeking to replace it with
phantoms and lies.
(Adaptado de: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/
20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now - Acessado em: 11/03/2019.
. A partir da leitura do segundo parágrafo do texto, pode-se concluir
que
Q1387240
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto a seguir para a questão.
Why Orwell’s 1984 could be about now
By Jean Seaton - 7 May 2018
The book, with its disorientating first sentence, “It was a bright cold
day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen”, defines the peculiar
characteristics of modern tyranny. In 1984 television screens watch you,
and everyone spies on everyone else. Today it is social media that collects
every gesture, purchase, comment we make online, and feeds an omniscient
presence in our lives that can predict our every preference. Modelled on
consumer choices, where the user is the commodity that is being marketed,
the harvesting of those preferences for political campaigns is now distorting
democracy.
But the greatest horror in Orwell’s dystopia is the systematic stripping
of meaning out of language. The regime aims to eradicate words and the
ideas and feelings they embody. Its real enemy is reality. Tyrannies attempt
to make understanding the real world impossible: seeking to replace it with
phantoms and lies.
(Adaptado de: http://www.bbc.com/culture/story/
20180507-why-orwells-1984-could-be-about-now - Acessado em: 11/03/2019.
De acordo com o texto, os mecanismos por trás das mídias sociais
Q1387239
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere a notícia a seguir para responder à questão.
Poetry for a surveillance society
Joseph McAllister combines technologies with media to produce unique art
Thu, Jun 14, 2018, 06:35 - Marie Boran
I think that I shall never see a poem as lovely as a …webcam? Joseph
McAllister describes himself as “a computational artist and privacy
advocate”. He combines technologies like machine learning and programming with media including sculpture and interactive theatre to
produce unique art for the increasingly technocratic age we live in.
His latest work is Webcam Poetry, which uses a machine learning
method known as “dense captioning”, a method that detects objects in
video footage and produces descriptions in natural language. Combined
with his own programming (he calls it his poetry engine), it takes live
streaming webcam footage and “writes” poems based on what it sees.
(Adaptado de: https://www.irishtimes.com/business/technology/ poetry-for-a-surveillance-society-1.3528084 - Acessado em 07/03/2019.)
Segundo o texto, o trabalho “Webcam Poetry”
Q1387238
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o cartum a seguir para responder à questão.
(https://www.gocomics.com/working-daze/2019/03/09 - Acessado em: 10/03/2109.)
A personagem do meio baseia seu pedido à Dana
Q1387237
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o cartum a seguir para responder à questão.
(https://www.gocomics.com/working-daze/2019/03/09 - Acessado em: 10/03/2109.)
O que provoca a indignação de Dana?
Q1387236
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
How INTERPOL supports Brazil to tackle international crime
Brazil is the largest South American country, with 16,000 km of land
border and 8,000 km of coastline to protect against incoming crime. Its
geographic location at the heart of the Americas, and its numerous
maritime ports sitting on transshipment routes to global markets, make it
attractive to organized crime.
The capacity to take investigations beyond this vast expanse of territory
to work with police forces the world over is crucial to safeguarding Brazilian
national security.
The INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) in Brasilia plays a
fundamental role in protecting the country’s economy, institutions and
businesses against global crime.
(Adaptado de: https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/
Member-countries/Americas/BRAZIL - Acessado em: 05/03/2019.)
O texto afirma que o Brasil é “atraente para o crime organizado”. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a melhor justificativa para essa afirmação, segundo as informações do texto.
Q1387235
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
How INTERPOL supports Brazil to tackle international crime
Brazil is the largest South American country, with 16,000 km of land
border and 8,000 km of coastline to protect against incoming crime. Its
geographic location at the heart of the Americas, and its numerous
maritime ports sitting on transshipment routes to global markets, make it
attractive to organized crime.
The capacity to take investigations beyond this vast expanse of territory
to work with police forces the world over is crucial to safeguarding Brazilian
national security.
The INTERPOL National Central Bureau (NCB) in Brasilia plays a
fundamental role in protecting the country’s economy, institutions and
businesses against global crime.
(Adaptado de: https://www.interpol.int/Who-we-are/
Member-countries/Americas/BRAZIL - Acessado em: 05/03/2019.)
As medidas de 16 mil quilômetros e 8 mil quilômetros, no texto, referem-se
Q1387234
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o trecho do resumo de um artigo relacionado ao uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira para responder à questão.
The intensive use of pesticides in Brazilian agriculture is a public
health issue due to contamination of the environment, food and human
health poisoning. The study aimed to show the spatial distribution of the
planted area of agricultural crops, the use of pesticides and related health
problems, as a Health Surveillance strategy. We obtained data from the
planted area of 21 predominant crops, indicators of the consumption of
pesticides per hectare for each crop and health problems. The amount of
pesticides used in the Brazilian municipalities was spatially distributed and
correlated with the incidence of pesticides poisoning: acute, sub-acute
and chronic. The health problems showed positive and significant correlations with pesticide use.
(Adaptado de: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=
S1413-81232017021003281&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en - Acessado em: 07/03/2019.)
O objetivo do estudo apresentado era
Q1387233
Inglês
Texto associado
Considere o trecho do resumo de um artigo relacionado ao uso de agrotóxicos na agricultura brasileira para responder à questão.
The intensive use of pesticides in Brazilian agriculture is a public
health issue due to contamination of the environment, food and human
health poisoning. The study aimed to show the spatial distribution of the
planted area of agricultural crops, the use of pesticides and related health
problems, as a Health Surveillance strategy. We obtained data from the
planted area of 21 predominant crops, indicators of the consumption of
pesticides per hectare for each crop and health problems. The amount of
pesticides used in the Brazilian municipalities was spatially distributed and
correlated with the incidence of pesticides poisoning: acute, sub-acute
and chronic. The health problems showed positive and significant correlations with pesticide use.
(Adaptado de: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=
S1413-81232017021003281&script=sci_abstract&tlng=en - Acessado em: 07/03/2019.)
De acordo com o texto, o uso intensivo de agrotóxicos
Conheça nossos planos