Questões de Vestibular
Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês
Foram encontradas 2.261 questões
Ano: 2022
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Q2032736
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The last sentence of the text would still be correct and maintain its original meaning if a comma were placed before “who”, and another after “politics”.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
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CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032735
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The author suggests that preservation, re-creation and reorganization are complementary ideas which explain the history of Brazilian independence and its consequences.
The author suggests that preservation, re-creation and reorganization are complementary ideas which explain the history of Brazilian independence and its consequences.
Ano: 2022
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Q2032734
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
Not only does the text oppose the ideas of continuity and innovation in the context of Brazilian independence, but it also indicates that historians do not have a unanimous view on the topic.
Not only does the text oppose the ideas of continuity and innovation in the context of Brazilian independence, but it also indicates that historians do not have a unanimous view on the topic.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032733
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
From the excerpt “The process that started in 1807” (in the third sentence of the first paragraph)”, it can be correctly concluded that the author is referring to the transfer of the Portuguese royal family to Brazil.
From the excerpt “The process that started in 1807” (in the third sentence of the first paragraph)”, it can be correctly concluded that the author is referring to the transfer of the Portuguese royal family to Brazil.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032732
Inglês
Texto associado
The crisis in the Portuguese Empire was already underway
in 1807, with some underlying causes found further back in time.
It created the conditions for the political split between Brazil and
Portugal, a development that virtually nobody imagined at the
start of the 19th century. The process that started in 1807
prompted the separation and defined its most lasting results: the
emergence of a Brazilian state and nation that would consolidate
itself over the next century preserving its distinctive features. The
independence process was strongly marked by progressive
distancing between the past and the future. In this sense, the
self-proclaimed revolutionary nature of the independence process
fits neatly into the broader political and intellectual context of the
time, full of conceptual innovations.
The continuity of Brazilian independence is, however, still
the most common aspect highlighted by most historians and nonhistorians. It is true that the creation of the Empire of Brazil
neither abolished slavery, nor upended social hierarchies for the
vast majority of the population, nor modified the highly
concentrated nature of land distribution and its overwhelming
focus on sustaining an export economy built during centuries of
Portuguese colonization. Yet, given the innovations involved in
the creation of the Empire of Brazil and their significance in the
first decades of the 19th century, the understanding of this history
gains depth, complexity, and consistency if one replaces the
simple and banal idea of preservation of slavery, social
hierarchies, territoriality or monarchy with that of re-creation
and reorganization of these elements. If not seen in this light, the
history of Brazilian independence silences an array of diverse
voices and actors who had been growing increasingly
accustomed to participating in politics since the end of the
previous century.
João Paulo Pimenta. Independence: Change and
Continuity. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin
American History. Internet:<www.oxfordre.com> (adapted).
Based on the text presented, judge the follow item.
The author claims that the Brazilian independence process stemmed partly from events prior to 1807, which were not mentioned in the text.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032729
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
The statement that, in general, women were to be concerned solely with their homes and families is explained by the gender-based division of social tasks and roles in effect at that time in Brazil.
The statement that, in general, women were to be concerned solely with their homes and families is explained by the gender-based division of social tasks and roles in effect at that time in Brazil.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032727
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
Even though the press supported women who were in favor of Brazilian independence, it did not help them in their struggle for their rights.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032726
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
In the title of the letter alluded to in the first paragraph, the word “her” is used four times with the same meaning and could correctly be replaced by his in all four cases, had the letter been written to the Prince.
In the title of the letter alluded to in the first paragraph, the word “her” is used four times with the same meaning and could correctly be replaced by his in all four cases, had the letter been written to the Prince.
Ano: 2022
Banca:
CESPE / CEBRASPE
Órgão:
UNB
Prova:
CESPE / CEBRASPE - 2022 - UNB - Vestibular - Inglês |
Q2032725
Inglês
Texto associado
On May 13th, 1822, a group of 186 women sent Maria
Leopoldina the Letter from the Bahian Women to Her Royal
Highness Dona Leopoldina, congratulating her on her role in the
patriotic rulings of her husband, Prince Regent Dom Pedro. The
document acknowledged the contribution made by the then
princess and empress-to-be to ensuring her husband’s
permanence in Brazil, which they believed was a key factor in
gaining independence from Portugal. “Far more than just a letter,
it is a political manifesto,” notes historian Maria de Lourdes
Viana Lyra. “At that time, in Brazil, women were given a
subordinate role restricted to private household and family
affairs. Outside the domestic sphere, women were made invisible,
but that did not stop them from mobilizing politically to fight for
independence in a variety of ways,” she states.
In addition to isolated actions led by famous figures, there
were other many significant actions that are still largely unknown
to the general public, more specifically, those related to instances
of collective mobilization of women active in the public arena
during the fight for Brazilian independence. Historian Andréa
Slemian expands on the matter. “Throughout this process, many
women expressed themselves through letters, manifestos, and
other texts. Thus, the nascent press in Brazil played an important
role, not only by publishing these women’s ideas regarding
independence on editorial pages, for example, but also by serving
as a mouthpiece for views supporting women’s rights,” notes
Slemian.
Ana Paula Orlandi. Unafraid to fight.
Internet: :<www.revistapesquisa.fapesp.br> (adapted).
Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the text above, judge the follow item.
It can be correctly inferred from the text that the general public is unaware of many different facts which led to Brazilian independence.
Q1994359
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
Segundo o texto, quando a geração de energia por células
solares ou turbinas eólicas é insuficiente para atender à
demanda, uma fonte de energia alternativa envolveria a
conversão de
Q1994357
Inglês
Texto associado
The expression “dark doldrums” chills the hearts of
renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls
when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds,
night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can
generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar
cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless.
The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on
renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for
individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that
can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong “wind drought,” and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of
consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that
want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious
solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile
phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to
make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their
stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum
output, and—as every smartphone owner knows—their
capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is
expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer
discharges.
We already have one kind of renewable energy storage:
more than ninety per cent of the world’s energy-storage
capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called
pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp
increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill
from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the
water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating
power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent
battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted
as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of
pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find,
permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and
expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy
storage.
The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado.
No texto, a expressão “dark doldrums” descreve
Q1994321
Inglês
Texto associado
From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and
Spanish jazz, it’s common for people to listen to songs they
don’t necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of
the lyrics, it seems, doesn’t stop people from liking—and
sometimes even singing along to—a song. Unless the listener
is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the
dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesn’t make or break their
appreciation of a song. But why?
“It’s a complicated answer,” said musicologist Lisa
Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with what’s called “sound
symbolism.” Sound symbolism refers to the study of the
relationships between utterances and their meaning. This
doesn’t have to do only with music. Marketers, for example,
can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in
coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in
branding, Decenteceo explained, there’s something about the
appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a
language. While things like culture and personal experiences
affect people’s responses to different kinds of music, she
explained there are certain musical techniques that are
generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale.
“Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds,
while minor scales usually have the slightly darker,
melancholic feel,” explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher.
The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added.
In a process called entrainment, the brain “synchronizes our
breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the
sounds we hear.” This is why fast-paced music is so popular
for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play
rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are
also the things that accompany the words. “Elements of sound
and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude
have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and
even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much
meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these
avenues,” said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she
added, is liberate the words. “Song frees the voice from any
burden of saying anything meaningful”. It’s important, then,
to understand music as a discourse between musical
elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said there’s value in
whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they
listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music,
after all, is the universal language.
Disponível em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado.
De acordo com o texto, os estudos sobre as propriedades do
som
Q3250637
Inglês
ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE - British author
By Philip K. Wilson
Arthur Conan Doyle, in full Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, (born May 22, 1859, Edinburgh, Scotland—died July 7, 1930, Crowborough, Sussex, England), Scottish writer best known for his creation of the detective Sherlock Holmes — one of the most vivid and enduring characters in English fiction.
Conan Doyle began seven years of Jesuit education in Lancashire, England, in 1868. After an additional year of schooling in Feldkirch, Austria, Conan Doyle returned to Edinburgh. Through the influence of Dr. Bryan Charles Waller, his mother’s lodger, he prepared for entry into the University of Edinburgh’s Medical School. He received Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery qualifications from Edinburgh in 1881 and an M.D. in 1885 upon completing his thesis, “An Essay upon the Vasomotor Changes in Tabes Dorsalis.” While a medical student, Conan Doyle was deeply impressed by the skill of his professor, Dr. Joseph Bell, in observing the most minute detail regarding a patient’s condition. (01)___. Other aspects of Conan Doyle’s medical education and experiences appear in his semiautobiographical novels, The Firm of Girdlestone (1890) and The Stark Munro Letters (1895), and in the collection of medical short stories Round the Red Lamp (1894). (See also Sherlock Holmes: Pioneer in Forensic Science.)
WILSON, Philip K. Arthur Conan Doyle - British author. Published in July 3, 2020. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Available in: Access in: July, 23 2020 (Adapted).
One sentence is missing in the text. According to the context, choose the alternative which correctly completes the idea of the text in the gap [showed in bold and numbered as 01 in the text].
By Philip K. Wilson
Arthur Conan Doyle, in full Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, (born May 22, 1859, Edinburgh, Scotland—died July 7, 1930, Crowborough, Sussex, England), Scottish writer best known for his creation of the detective Sherlock Holmes — one of the most vivid and enduring characters in English fiction.
Conan Doyle began seven years of Jesuit education in Lancashire, England, in 1868. After an additional year of schooling in Feldkirch, Austria, Conan Doyle returned to Edinburgh. Through the influence of Dr. Bryan Charles Waller, his mother’s lodger, he prepared for entry into the University of Edinburgh’s Medical School. He received Bachelor of Medicine and Master of Surgery qualifications from Edinburgh in 1881 and an M.D. in 1885 upon completing his thesis, “An Essay upon the Vasomotor Changes in Tabes Dorsalis.” While a medical student, Conan Doyle was deeply impressed by the skill of his professor, Dr. Joseph Bell, in observing the most minute detail regarding a patient’s condition. (01)___. Other aspects of Conan Doyle’s medical education and experiences appear in his semiautobiographical novels, The Firm of Girdlestone (1890) and The Stark Munro Letters (1895), and in the collection of medical short stories Round the Red Lamp (1894). (See also Sherlock Holmes: Pioneer in Forensic Science.)
WILSON, Philip K. Arthur Conan Doyle - British author. Published in July 3, 2020. Encyclopaedia Britannica. Available in: Access in: July, 23 2020 (Adapted).
One sentence is missing in the text. According to the context, choose the alternative which correctly completes the idea of the text in the gap [showed in bold and numbered as 01 in the text].
Q3250636
Inglês
3 OF THE BEST ETHICAL ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS
By Sipur Joseph
In recent years, ethical issues regarding our energy use and systems have (1)___ been at the forefront of the global conscious. Growing awareness of climate change has led us to question how we’re producing and using energy, and how sustainable these practices are.
These ethical (2)___ are more important now than ever. The IPCC has predicted that global temperatures will rise by up to 10 degrees over the next century, and this is largely due to emissions from energy production. In fact, 90% of all carbon emissions caused by human activity come from fossil fuels.
(3)___, this shows no signs of reducing, with the International Energy Agency predicting that Chinese emissions will double by 2035.
To keep global temperature increases within manageable levels, we need to leave 80% of our current fossil fuel reserves underground. As such, the need for ethical alternatives to fossil fuels is greater now than ever. Here are 3 of the most promising alternative fuel sources that could (4)___ us to turn things around: solar power, wave energy and wind energy.
JOSEPH, Sipur. 3 of the Best Ethical Alternatives to Fossil Fuels. Energy Central Pulse. The Energy Collective Group. Published in: 01 August 2019. Available in: https://energycentral.com/c/ee/3-best-ethical-alternatives-fossil- fuels Access in: July, 20 2020 (Adapted).
Quatro termos foram omitidos no texto. Escolha a alternativa que apresenta as palavras que completam, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas no texto.
By Sipur Joseph
In recent years, ethical issues regarding our energy use and systems have (1)___ been at the forefront of the global conscious. Growing awareness of climate change has led us to question how we’re producing and using energy, and how sustainable these practices are.
These ethical (2)___ are more important now than ever. The IPCC has predicted that global temperatures will rise by up to 10 degrees over the next century, and this is largely due to emissions from energy production. In fact, 90% of all carbon emissions caused by human activity come from fossil fuels.
(3)___, this shows no signs of reducing, with the International Energy Agency predicting that Chinese emissions will double by 2035.
To keep global temperature increases within manageable levels, we need to leave 80% of our current fossil fuel reserves underground. As such, the need for ethical alternatives to fossil fuels is greater now than ever. Here are 3 of the most promising alternative fuel sources that could (4)___ us to turn things around: solar power, wave energy and wind energy.
JOSEPH, Sipur. 3 of the Best Ethical Alternatives to Fossil Fuels. Energy Central Pulse. The Energy Collective Group. Published in: 01 August 2019. Available in: https://energycentral.com/c/ee/3-best-ethical-alternatives-fossil- fuels Access in: July, 20 2020 (Adapted).
Quatro termos foram omitidos no texto. Escolha a alternativa que apresenta as palavras que completam, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas no texto.
Q3250635
Inglês
WHY IT’S IMPORTANT THAT WE STUDY HISTORY
When most of us think back to our childhood school days, we can also remember at least a handful of kids who thought history class was a drag. To (1) them, history just seemed like a jumble of names and dates attached to events long over with and people long dead. What was the point of learning (2) it at all?
They didn’t know then that history was one of the most important subjects they’d ever study. Here we’ll take a closer look at why history is important and explore why everyone should make it a point to study it in depth.
History helps us understand ourselves.
To understand who you are, you need to develop a sense of self. A large part of that is learning where you fit into the story of your country or the global community in the grand scheme of things. History tells you the story of how your nation, city, or community came to be everything that it is. It tells you where your ancestors came from and tells you who (3) they were. Most importantly of all, it gives you the ability to spot (and appreciate) the legacies you may have inherited from (4) them.
Arcadia Publishing. Why it's important that we study History. Available in:https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Navigation/Community/Arcadia-andTHP-Blog/June-2016/Why-It%E2%80%99s-Important-That-We-Study-History. Access in: July, 22 2020 (Adapted).
Escolha a alternativa cujas expressões se referem, correta e respectivamente, às quatro palavras destacadas e numeradas no texto.
When most of us think back to our childhood school days, we can also remember at least a handful of kids who thought history class was a drag. To (1) them, history just seemed like a jumble of names and dates attached to events long over with and people long dead. What was the point of learning (2) it at all?
They didn’t know then that history was one of the most important subjects they’d ever study. Here we’ll take a closer look at why history is important and explore why everyone should make it a point to study it in depth.
History helps us understand ourselves.
To understand who you are, you need to develop a sense of self. A large part of that is learning where you fit into the story of your country or the global community in the grand scheme of things. History tells you the story of how your nation, city, or community came to be everything that it is. It tells you where your ancestors came from and tells you who (3) they were. Most importantly of all, it gives you the ability to spot (and appreciate) the legacies you may have inherited from (4) them.
Arcadia Publishing. Why it's important that we study History. Available in:https://www.arcadiapublishing.com/Navigation/Community/Arcadia-andTHP-Blog/June-2016/Why-It%E2%80%99s-Important-That-We-Study-History. Access in: July, 22 2020 (Adapted).
Escolha a alternativa cujas expressões se referem, correta e respectivamente, às quatro palavras destacadas e numeradas no texto.
Q3250634
Inglês
MUSIC AND HEALTH
Music is a fundamental attribute of the human species. Virtually all cultures, from the most primitive to the most advanced, make music. It's been true through history, and it's true throughout an individual's lifespan. In tune or not, we humans sing and hum; in time or not, we clap and sway; in step or not, we dance and bounce.
The human brain and nervous system are hard-wired to distinguish music from noise and to respond to rhythm and repetition, tones and tunes. Is this a biologic accident, or does it serve a purpose? It's not possible to say. Still, a varied group of studies suggests that music may enhance human health and performance.
Music and the mind
The most highly publicized mental influence of music is the "Mozart effect." Struck by the observation that many musicians have unusual mathematical ability, researchers at the University of California, Irvine, investigated how listening to music affects cognitive function in general, and spatialtemporal reasoning in particular. In their first study, they administered standard IQ test questions to three groups of college students, comparing those who had spent 10 minutes listening to a Mozart piano sonata with a group that had been listening to a relaxation tape and one that had been waiting in silence. Mozart was the winner, consistently boosting test scores. Next, the investigators checked to see if the effect was specific to classical music or if any form of music would enhance mental performance. They compared Mozart's music with repetitive music by Philip Glass; again, Mozart seemed to help, improving spatial reasoning as measured by complex paper cutting and folding tasks and short-term memory as measured by a 16-item test.
Harvard Health Publishing/Harvard Medical School. Music and health. Published: July 2011. Available in: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying- healthy/music-and-health Access: july, 18, 2020 (Adapted).
The article discusses the relation between music and health. For that, it shows an example on the effects of music to our minds. What is the best statement about the example given in the text?
Q2082121
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT II
Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots
Patrick Phillips
When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s
actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food
waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
Green Onion
Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover
up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it
growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
Romaine Lettuce
You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to
continue growing the thriving plant.
Cabbage
You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
Leeks
Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway
up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing
out the water every 2 or 3 days.
Carrot Tops
Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be
used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
Celery
Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to
become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can
replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.
https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
Taking into consideration the specific parts (1 to 6) of text II: Green onion, Romaine lettuce, Cabbage,
leeks, Carrot tops, and Celery, choose the correct option in which one can find a comparative of superiority.
Q2082120
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT II
Veggies You Can Regrow From Discarded Roots
Patrick Phillips
When it comes to cooking with healthy, fresh ingredients, we always end up facing the same issue: what to do with all of the roots we chop off of our veggies? Instead of tossing them in the trash, there’s
actually something quite useful you can do with them, and it’ll save you a good chunk of change.
Regrowing green onions has become quite popular, and it’s easy to understand why: it’s very simple and fun to check on its growth progress on a daily basis. It’s also a great way to help avoid food
waste. However, there are plenty of vegetables you can regrow for yourself at home using scraps.
Green Onion
Let’s start with the basics: green onions. These are the fastest plants to regrow and also the easiest. To do so, put the root and 1 inch of the white part in a bowl or jar, then fill it with enough water to cover
up to halfway up the white part of the onion. Change out the water every 2 to 3 days. You’ll notice it
growing within a day and after a week, you’ll have greens that you can use!
Romaine Lettuce
You can regrow romaine lettuce and also other lettuces by placing the roots of it in a jar filled with at least 1 inch of water. Leave for a few days until it begins to grow, then transfer the roots into soil to
continue growing the thriving plant.
Cabbage
You can regrow cabbage in the same way that you regrow lettuce. Simply save a stump of the cabbage with its roots and place it in 1 inch of water. Then transfer the sprouting leaves into soil.
Leeks
Since leeks are actually directly related to green onions, they can be regrown using the same method. Place the root and about 2 inches of the white part in a jar with water that reaches about halfway
up the white part. These will take a bit longer to regrow, but don’t give up! Make sure to keep changing
out the water every 2 or 3 days.
Carrot Tops
Cut a carrot at the top (the root) and place the piece, cut side-down, in a bowl of water. The leaves of the carrots will grow as opposed to the carrot itself, however, these leaves can be used in salads, be
used as a garnish, or can even be put into a pesto. Simply change the water every few days.
Celery
Celery can be regrown in the same way as the cabbage and romaine. Place the root end of the stalk in 1 inch of water. When the leaves will begin to sprout, wait about a week in order for the celery to
become stronger. Make sure you change the water every few days. Once this process is done, you can
replant the celery in soil. Celery leaves can also be used in salads.
https://www.sizzlfy.com/healthy/veggies-regrow. Slighted modified. Accessed on September the 30th
The veggies which have the same way of regrowing are
Q2082119
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
What Is Organic Anyway?
When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the
classification of organic food is a tricky business.
Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic.
Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists
were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led
to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in
Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly
growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of
the new technologies.
Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management
in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical
fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to
farm productively but naturally.
Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne
who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of
farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in
the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most
farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in
the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on
soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles
of farming.
At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming.
In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of
new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s
work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural
wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to
hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods,
growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists
continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to
try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The
1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic
produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it
extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many
natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often
comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term
organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on
how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.
SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
The most important argument Mr. Borlaug had to fight his critics was the fact that they had never
Q2082118
Inglês
Texto associado
TEXT I
What Is Organic Anyway?
When you think of organic food, what words come to mind? Natural, local, ethical? In fact, the
classification of organic food is a tricky business.
Until the 19th century, nobody would have considered farming as anything other than organic.
Crops were fertilized using animal manure and compost. In the 18th and 19th centuries, however, chemists
were discovering more about chemicals. The work of German chemist Justus von Liebig, in particular, led
to the development of cheap nitrogen fertilizers. The agricultural revolution that followed, especially in
Great Britain, brought about a huge increase in crop production. This helped feed the country’s rapidly
growing urban population and reduce famine. However, not everybody was convinced of the benefits of
the new technologies.
Sir Albert Howard’s experiences in India convinced him that correct animal and crop management
in a local area produced strong pest-resistant plants that were superior to those grown with chemical
fertilizers. He saw chemical fertilizers as expensive, unnecessary, and unsustainable and studied ways to
farm productively but naturally.
Howard himself never used the word organic. It was British agriculturalist Lord Northbourne
who first referred to a farm as a single “organic whole,” describing a more balanced, sustainable style of
farming. Northbourne’s ideas, however, were not widely accepted. The following years saw an increase in
the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which allowed farmers to plant large quantities of single crops. Most
farms became industrialized single-crop producers that depended on pesticides and fertilizers. Then in
the 1970s, some people began to express their concerns about the negative effects of these methods on
soil quality and the environment. These green activists began to call for a return to more traditional styles
of farming.
At the same time, in other parts of the world modern methods were replacing traditional farming.
In Mexico, Pakistan, and India, Nobel Prize-winning agriculturalist Norman Borlaug pioneered the use of
new crops and technologies and greatly increased food production. Environmentalists criticized Borlaug’s
work, which they claimed led to reliance on a single crop, inequality, malnutrition, and the loss of natural
wildlife. While Borlaug recognized some of these claims, he argued that his principle aim was an end to
hunger, something, he pointed out, that most of his critics had never experienced.
Meanwhile in the USA and the UK, many smaller farms were trying to return to natural methods,
growing many different crops and keeping animals to fertilize the soil. Throughout the 1970s, activists
continued to promote a return to more traditional ways of living, and some people were encouraged to
try to provide their own food, both out in the countryside and using smaller urban gardens.
However, as the idea of organic food became more popular, big business began to move in. The
1980s and 1990s saw the growth of large organic farms and supermarkets, and the importation of organic
produce from abroad. At the same time, new legislation in places such as the USA and Europe has made it
extremely expensive and complicated for small producers to obtain organic certification. Ironically, many
natural local farms are not classed as organic, while much of the organic food supermarkets sell often
comes from foreign countries. This has led to criticism from environmentalists who feel that the term
organic no longer represents the ideals of organic farming.
As we move into the 21st century with a world population of seven billion people, the debate on
how we should feed ourselves shows no sign of coming to an end.
SHACKLETON, Caroline & TURNER, Nathan Paul. Money Tree: the business of organics. Cambridge University Press, 2014.
Many animal and crop management procedures took place across the centuries. The option which highlights
the one taken as an organic procedure is
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