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Q3592289 Inglês
Will Vladimir Putin ever face a war crimes trial?

Published by Robert Plummer

BBC News


Although the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague has issued a warrant for President Vladimir Putin's arrest, it is no more than the first step in a very long process.

The United Nations clearly believes there is sufficient evidence to accuse the Russian leader of war crimes in Ukraine.

However the practical and logistical problems in pursuing such a case are immense.

This is what the process of bringing Mr Putin to justice could look like.

Can President Putin be arrested?

At present, the Russian leader enjoys unchallenged power in his native land, so there is no prospect of the Kremlin handing him over to the ICC.

As long as he stays put in Russia, he faces no risk of being arrested.

Mr Putin could be detained if he leaves the country. But, given the fact that his freedom of movement is already severely limited by international sanctions against him, he is unlikely to show up in a country that would want to put him on trial.

Since Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022, he has visited just eight countries. Seven of those would be considered by him to be part of Russia's "near abroad" - that is, they were constituent parts of the Soviet Union before it collapsed at the end of 1991.

His only recent destination that does not fall into this category is Iran, which he visited in July last year to meet the theocracy's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.

Since Iran has helped the Russian war effort by supplying drones and other military hardware, any repeat visit to Tehran would be unlikely to place Mr Putin in any jeopardy.

What war crimes is Russia accused of?

Will Putin actually face trial?

There are at least two big obstacles to that. Firstly, Russia does not recognise the jurisdiction of the ICC.

The court was established in 2002 by a treaty known as the Rome Statute.

This statute lays down that it is the duty of every state to exercise its own criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. The ICC can only intervene where a state is unable or unwilling to carry out the investigation and prosecute perpetrators.

In all, 123 states have agreed to abide by it, but there are some significant exceptions, including Russia. 

Some countries, including Ukraine, have signed the treaty, but not ratified it. You can see a full list of countries that are party to the Rome Statute here.

So you can see that the legal position is already getting shaky.

And secondly, although it's not unknown for trials to be held without the defendant in the dock, that's not an option here. The ICC does not conduct trials in absentia, so that avenue is closed off too.

Who else has faced this kind of trial?

The idea of trying people for crimes against humanity pre-dates the existence of the ICC.

It began in 1945 after World War Two with the Nuremberg Trials, which were held to punish key members of the hierarchy in Nazi Germany for the Holocaust and other atrocities.

Those included Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, who was sentenced to life imprisonment and died by his own hand in 1987.

Of course, Mr Putin has not actually been charged with crimes against humanity, even though US Vice-President Kamala Harris has argued that he should be.

And if he were, that would pose another legal dilemma as the UN itself says, "crimes against humanity have not yet been codified in a dedicated treaty of international law, unlike genocide and war crimes, although there are efforts to do so."

Other bespoke bodies have sought to convict those accused of war crimes. That includes the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a UN organisation that existed from 1993 to 2017.

During that time, it convicted and sentenced 90 people. But arguably the most notorious of those indicted, former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, died of a heart attack in 2006 while in detention.

As for the ICC itself, it has so far indicted 40 individuals apart from Mr Putin, all from African countries. Of those, 17 people have been detained at The Hague, 10 have been convicted of crimes and four have been acquitted.

What does this mean for the war in Ukraine?

The arrest warrant is being seen as a signal from the international community that what is taking place in Ukraine is against international law.

The court says the reason it is going public with these warrants is that these crimes are continuing. In doing so, it is trying to deter further crimes taking place.

But, the main reaction from Russia so far has been to dismiss the warrants as meaningless.

In fact, the Kremlin denies its forces have committed any atrocities in Ukraine, and Mr Putin's spokesman called the ICC's decision "outrageous and unacceptable".

Faced with such defiance, it seems unlikely that the ICC's actions will have any impact on Russia's war in Ukraine - and Mr Putin's "special military operation" will continue to grind mercilessly on.


https://www.bbc.com/news/world-64994992
A oração "Some countries, including Ukraine, have signed the treaty" encontra-se no:
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Q3592288 Inglês
Will Vladimir Putin ever face a war crimes trial?

Published by Robert Plummer

BBC News


Although the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague has issued a warrant for President Vladimir Putin's arrest, it is no more than the first step in a very long process.

The United Nations clearly believes there is sufficient evidence to accuse the Russian leader of war crimes in Ukraine.

However the practical and logistical problems in pursuing such a case are immense.

This is what the process of bringing Mr Putin to justice could look like.

Can President Putin be arrested?

At present, the Russian leader enjoys unchallenged power in his native land, so there is no prospect of the Kremlin handing him over to the ICC.

As long as he stays put in Russia, he faces no risk of being arrested.

Mr Putin could be detained if he leaves the country. But, given the fact that his freedom of movement is already severely limited by international sanctions against him, he is unlikely to show up in a country that would want to put him on trial.

Since Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022, he has visited just eight countries. Seven of those would be considered by him to be part of Russia's "near abroad" - that is, they were constituent parts of the Soviet Union before it collapsed at the end of 1991.

His only recent destination that does not fall into this category is Iran, which he visited in July last year to meet the theocracy's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.

Since Iran has helped the Russian war effort by supplying drones and other military hardware, any repeat visit to Tehran would be unlikely to place Mr Putin in any jeopardy.

What war crimes is Russia accused of?

Will Putin actually face trial?

There are at least two big obstacles to that. Firstly, Russia does not recognise the jurisdiction of the ICC.

The court was established in 2002 by a treaty known as the Rome Statute.

This statute lays down that it is the duty of every state to exercise its own criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. The ICC can only intervene where a state is unable or unwilling to carry out the investigation and prosecute perpetrators.

In all, 123 states have agreed to abide by it, but there are some significant exceptions, including Russia. 

Some countries, including Ukraine, have signed the treaty, but not ratified it. You can see a full list of countries that are party to the Rome Statute here.

So you can see that the legal position is already getting shaky.

And secondly, although it's not unknown for trials to be held without the defendant in the dock, that's not an option here. The ICC does not conduct trials in absentia, so that avenue is closed off too.

Who else has faced this kind of trial?

The idea of trying people for crimes against humanity pre-dates the existence of the ICC.

It began in 1945 after World War Two with the Nuremberg Trials, which were held to punish key members of the hierarchy in Nazi Germany for the Holocaust and other atrocities.

Those included Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, who was sentenced to life imprisonment and died by his own hand in 1987.

Of course, Mr Putin has not actually been charged with crimes against humanity, even though US Vice-President Kamala Harris has argued that he should be.

And if he were, that would pose another legal dilemma as the UN itself says, "crimes against humanity have not yet been codified in a dedicated treaty of international law, unlike genocide and war crimes, although there are efforts to do so."

Other bespoke bodies have sought to convict those accused of war crimes. That includes the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a UN organisation that existed from 1993 to 2017.

During that time, it convicted and sentenced 90 people. But arguably the most notorious of those indicted, former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, died of a heart attack in 2006 while in detention.

As for the ICC itself, it has so far indicted 40 individuals apart from Mr Putin, all from African countries. Of those, 17 people have been detained at The Hague, 10 have been convicted of crimes and four have been acquitted.

What does this mean for the war in Ukraine?

The arrest warrant is being seen as a signal from the international community that what is taking place in Ukraine is against international law.

The court says the reason it is going public with these warrants is that these crimes are continuing. In doing so, it is trying to deter further crimes taking place.

But, the main reaction from Russia so far has been to dismiss the warrants as meaningless.

In fact, the Kremlin denies its forces have committed any atrocities in Ukraine, and Mr Putin's spokesman called the ICC's decision "outrageous and unacceptable".

Faced with such defiance, it seems unlikely that the ICC's actions will have any impact on Russia's war in Ukraine - and Mr Putin's "special military operation" will continue to grind mercilessly on.


https://www.bbc.com/news/world-64994992
Após a leitura do texto, pode-se afirmar que:
Alternativas
Q3592287 Inglês
Will Vladimir Putin ever face a war crimes trial?

Published by Robert Plummer

BBC News


Although the International Criminal Court (ICC) in The Hague has issued a warrant for President Vladimir Putin's arrest, it is no more than the first step in a very long process.

The United Nations clearly believes there is sufficient evidence to accuse the Russian leader of war crimes in Ukraine.

However the practical and logistical problems in pursuing such a case are immense.

This is what the process of bringing Mr Putin to justice could look like.

Can President Putin be arrested?

At present, the Russian leader enjoys unchallenged power in his native land, so there is no prospect of the Kremlin handing him over to the ICC.

As long as he stays put in Russia, he faces no risk of being arrested.

Mr Putin could be detained if he leaves the country. But, given the fact that his freedom of movement is already severely limited by international sanctions against him, he is unlikely to show up in a country that would want to put him on trial.

Since Russian troops invaded Ukraine in February 2022, he has visited just eight countries. Seven of those would be considered by him to be part of Russia's "near abroad" - that is, they were constituent parts of the Soviet Union before it collapsed at the end of 1991.

His only recent destination that does not fall into this category is Iran, which he visited in July last year to meet the theocracy's Supreme Leader, Ali Khamenei.

Since Iran has helped the Russian war effort by supplying drones and other military hardware, any repeat visit to Tehran would be unlikely to place Mr Putin in any jeopardy.

What war crimes is Russia accused of?

Will Putin actually face trial?

There are at least two big obstacles to that. Firstly, Russia does not recognise the jurisdiction of the ICC.

The court was established in 2002 by a treaty known as the Rome Statute.

This statute lays down that it is the duty of every state to exercise its own criminal jurisdiction over those responsible for international crimes. The ICC can only intervene where a state is unable or unwilling to carry out the investigation and prosecute perpetrators.

In all, 123 states have agreed to abide by it, but there are some significant exceptions, including Russia. 

Some countries, including Ukraine, have signed the treaty, but not ratified it. You can see a full list of countries that are party to the Rome Statute here.

So you can see that the legal position is already getting shaky.

And secondly, although it's not unknown for trials to be held without the defendant in the dock, that's not an option here. The ICC does not conduct trials in absentia, so that avenue is closed off too.

Who else has faced this kind of trial?

The idea of trying people for crimes against humanity pre-dates the existence of the ICC.

It began in 1945 after World War Two with the Nuremberg Trials, which were held to punish key members of the hierarchy in Nazi Germany for the Holocaust and other atrocities.

Those included Nazi leader Adolf Hitler's deputy Rudolf Hess, who was sentenced to life imprisonment and died by his own hand in 1987.

Of course, Mr Putin has not actually been charged with crimes against humanity, even though US Vice-President Kamala Harris has argued that he should be.

And if he were, that would pose another legal dilemma as the UN itself says, "crimes against humanity have not yet been codified in a dedicated treaty of international law, unlike genocide and war crimes, although there are efforts to do so."

Other bespoke bodies have sought to convict those accused of war crimes. That includes the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a UN organisation that existed from 1993 to 2017.

During that time, it convicted and sentenced 90 people. But arguably the most notorious of those indicted, former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic, died of a heart attack in 2006 while in detention.

As for the ICC itself, it has so far indicted 40 individuals apart from Mr Putin, all from African countries. Of those, 17 people have been detained at The Hague, 10 have been convicted of crimes and four have been acquitted.

What does this mean for the war in Ukraine?

The arrest warrant is being seen as a signal from the international community that what is taking place in Ukraine is against international law.

The court says the reason it is going public with these warrants is that these crimes are continuing. In doing so, it is trying to deter further crimes taking place.

But, the main reaction from Russia so far has been to dismiss the warrants as meaningless.

In fact, the Kremlin denies its forces have committed any atrocities in Ukraine, and Mr Putin's spokesman called the ICC's decision "outrageous and unacceptable".

Faced with such defiance, it seems unlikely that the ICC's actions will have any impact on Russia's war in Ukraine - and Mr Putin's "special military operation" will continue to grind mercilessly on.


https://www.bbc.com/news/world-64994992
A partir da leitura do texto, pode-se afirmar que:
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Q3591636 Arquitetura
Assinale a alternativa correta para a ferramenta do software SketchUp que possibilita a criação de elementos tridimensionais a partir de figuras planas.
Alternativas
Q3591635 Arquitetura
De acordo com a NBR 9050, marque a alternativa correta quanto ao desenho de calçadas:
Alternativas
Q3591634 Arquitetura
As regras para documentação escrita e gráfica de projetos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos foram desenvolvidas para que todos os agentes envolvidos na construção de uma obra pudessem fazer a correta leitura dos projetos, evitando-se desperdícios e retrabalhos na fase de execução. Sobre esse aspecto, a NBR 6492:2021 apresenta orientações para representação gráfica de linhas e a aplicação geral dos seus diferentes tipos. Marque a alternativa correta para o uso da linha tracejada estreita.
Alternativas
Q3591633 Arquitetura
De acordo com a Resolução CAU/BR nº 91/2014 e suas alterações, existem cinco modalidades diferentes para o Registro de Responsabilidade Técnica - RRT, conforme se constitua de uma ou mais atividades técnicas. Assinale a alternativa correta para a nomenclatura do RRT destinado às atividades técnicas pertencentes aos grupos de atividades dos itens 1-Projeto, 2-Execução e 5-Atividades Especiais do art. 3° da Resolução CAU/BR n° 21, de 5 de abril de 2012, referente à edificação com área útil ou área total de intervenção de até 70m2 (setenta metros quadrados).
Alternativas
Q3591632 Arquitetura
A iluminação tem o poder de transformar um ambiente conforme a sua utilização, criando cenas e efeitos distintos, por isso é considerada como um dos principais elementos dentro da Arquitetura. Em um projeto de arquitetura de interiores recorre-se a inúmeras soluções para produzir diferentes efeitos de luz. Assinale a alternativa correta para a solução que produz um efeito de luz indireta.
Alternativas
Q3591631 Arquitetura
A NBR 9050 estabelece critérios e parâmetros técnicos a serem observados quanto ao projeto, construção, instalação e adaptação do meio urbano e rural, e de edificações às condições de acessibilidade. Quanto às correções e atualizações realizadas na sua quarta versão, de 03 de agosto de 2020, marque a alternativa errada.
Alternativas
Q3591630 Arquitetura
A NBR 13532:1995 - Elaboração de projetos de edificações foi substituída pela NBR 16636:2017 - Elaboração e desenvolvimento de serviços técnicos especializados de projetos arquitetônicos e urbanísticos, sendo dividida em três: parte 1 - Diretrizes e terminologia; parte 2 - Projeto arquitetônico e parte 3 - Projeto urbanístico. De acordo com os termos e definições preconizados na parte 1, marque a alternativa que apresenta a definição correta de projeto de arquitetura de interiores.
Alternativas
Q3591629 Arquitetura
Na construção civil, as normas técnicas estabelecem parâmetros de qualidade e segurança para as edificações, tornando-se indispensáveis para os arquitetos e urbanistas. Considerando as instruções descritas na NBR 16280:2020, os serviços de reforma em edificações devem atender a um plano formal de diretrizes. Analise as afirmativas a seguir e marque a alternativa correta.
I. O plano de diretrizes deve contemplar a preservação dos sistemas de segurança existentes na edificação;
II. O plano de diretrizes deve apresentar toda e qualquer modificação que altere ou comprometa a segurança da edificação ou do seu entorno e sistemas comuns da edificação à análise da incorporadora/ construtora e do projetista dentro do prazo decadencial (legal), não sendo necessário o acompanhamento de documentação de responsabilidade técnica.
III. O síndico deve nomear um responsável técnico para efetuar a análise do plano de diretrizes, acompanhada da emissão dos devidos documentos de responsabilidade técnica, observadas as competências profissionais regulamentares; 
IV. O plano de diretrizes deve garantir que a reforma não prejudique a continuidade dos diferentes tipos de manutenção das edificações, após a obra.
Alternativas
Q3591628 Arquitetura
No que tange aos sistemas prediais de esgotamento sanitário descritos na NBR 8160:1999, marque a alternativa correta para a nomenclatura da caixa onde se reúnem os efluentes líquidos, cuja disposição exija elevação mecânica. 
Alternativas
Q3591627 Arquitetura
De acordo com a NBR 9050, marque a alternativa correta quanto ao desenho de travessia de pedestres em vias públicas e espaços de uso coletivo: 
Alternativas
Q3591626 Arquitetura
A Lei Federal n.11.888/2008, conhecida como Lei de Assistência Técnica para Habitação de Interesse Social, assegura o direito das famílias de baixa renda à assistência técnica pública e gratuita como parte integrante do direito social à moradia previsto no art. 6o da Constituição Federal. A respeito dessa lei, marque a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q3591625 Arquitetura
A Lei Federal n.12.378/2010 regulamenta o exercício profissional de Arquitetura e Urbanismo e cria os Conselhos de Arquitetura e Urbanismo do Brasil, estados e Distrito Federal. A respeito dessa lei, marque a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q3591624 Arquitetura
Acerca das práticas de fiscalização de obras de edificações, marque a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q3591623 Arquitetura
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades
"Quando o poder público decide tentar resolver os problemas, vários obstáculos aparecem. Tem as disputas políticas, que fazem projetos pararem quando sai um prefeito e entra outro; tem o costume de chegar com um projeto pronto, sem ouvir as necessidades da comunidade; e tem a falta de um olhar integrado, que consiga reunir, por exemplo, educação, cultura, esportes e emprego.
Isso abriu espaço para um caminho diferente. Nele, não é só o poder público que manda. No urbanismo social, a busca de soluções também passa pela comunidade e por organizações da sociedade. Um conceito que nasceu em Medellín, na Colômbia, que deixou para trás o título de cidade mais violenta do mundo nos anos 1990."
(Fonte: Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades | Jornal Nacional | G1, abril, 2023).
Fonte: Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades | Jornal Nacional | G1, abril, 2023
Sobre projetos de Urbanismo Social, marque a alternativa incorreta.
Alternativas
Q3591622 Arquitetura
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades
"Quando o poder público decide tentar resolver os problemas, vários obstáculos aparecem. Tem as disputas políticas, que fazem projetos pararem quando sai um prefeito e entra outro; tem o costume de chegar com um projeto pronto, sem ouvir as necessidades da comunidade; e tem a falta de um olhar integrado, que consiga reunir, por exemplo, educação, cultura, esportes e emprego.
Isso abriu espaço para um caminho diferente. Nele, não é só o poder público que manda. No urbanismo social, a busca de soluções também passa pela comunidade e por organizações da sociedade. Um conceito que nasceu em Medellín, na Colômbia, que deixou para trás o título de cidade mais violenta do mundo nos anos 1990."
(Fonte: Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades | Jornal Nacional | G1, abril, 2023).
Fonte: Urbanismo social transforma periferias de grandes cidades | Jornal Nacional | G1, abril, 2023
Sobre projetos de Urbanismo Social, marque a alternativa correta.
Alternativas
Q3591621 Arquitetura

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


"O modelo centrado no carro e a ideia de que mobilidade e acessibilidade são objetivos conflitantes - ou seja, de que vias estruturais para o tráfego não são compatíveis com calçadas amplas e travessias seguras, por exemplo - configuram uma visão da função das ruas ainda predominante no Brasil. Existe o paradigma de que as ruas servem para possibilitar o tráfego de veículos motorizados e devem ser projetadas para facilitar esse tipo de deslocamento. Muitos casos nacionais e internacionais, porém, mostram que as ruas podem acomodar o tráfego fluido de veículos e, ao mesmo tempo, oferecer espaços agradáveis e seguros para pedestres e ciclistas, melhorando a convivência entre as pessoas e criando um ambiente mais próspero. As ruas completas podem promover a mudança do paradigma da função das ruas no Brasil. Esse modelo de planejamento propõe equilibrar as necessidades dos diferentes modos de transporte, beneficiando pessoas de todas as idades e habilidades, em conformidade com o uso do solo, a economia e o ambiente natural locais. A mudança vai além da implantação de infraestrutura dedicada para bicicletas e ônibus: abrange a vizinhança, o contexto da rua e a convivência social. Essa abordagem vem sendo trabalhada desde os anos 1970, em conceitos como "planejamento sensível ao contexto", "humanização do tráfego", "ruas de pedestres", "moderação de tráfego" e, mais recentemente, "ruas completas"." (RUAS COMPLETAS NO BRASIL: Promovendo uma mudança de paradigma, WRI BRASIL).


RUAS COMPLETAS NO BRASIL: Promovendo uma mudança de paradigma, WRI BRASIL

Sobre ruas completas, marque a alternativa errada.

Alternativas
Q3591620 Arquitetura
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
"Todos os anos, cerca de 1,35 milhão de pessoas perdem a vida em decorrência de sinistros de trânsito, e a velocidade dos veículos desempenha um papel fundamental em muitas dessas ocorrências. Assim, a gestão das velocidades assumiu grande importância nas cidades de todo o mundo. Um método eficiente para reduzir a velocidade e melhorar a segurança viária, especialmente em áreas de alto risco, é o estabelecimento de áreas de trânsito calmo." (GUIA PARA ÁREAS DE TRÂNSITO CALMO, WRI).
"O principal objetivo das áreas de trânsito calmo é reduzir a velocidade dos veículos motorizados em uma área definida, a fim de melhorar a segurança das pessoas que caminham, pedalam ou usam veículos de micromobilidade, transporte público, motocicleta ou carro." (GUIA PARA ÁREAS DE TRÂNSITO CALMO, WRI).
(GUIA PARA ÁREAS DE TRÂNSITO CALMO, WRI). 
Marque a alternativa correta sobre áreas de trânsito calmo.
Alternativas
Respostas
321: C
322: B
323: C
324: C
325: A
326: B
327: B
328: D
329: D
330: A
331: D
332: B
333: D
334: B
335: C
336: D
337: D
338: D
339: B
340: D