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Q3678493 Português

Asas de borboleta inspiram músculos artificiais e produzem eletricidade



O professor Javier Fernandez, da Universidade de Tecnologia e Design de Cingapura, vem há alguns anos estudando as possibilidades de uso da quitina como um material inteligente, biocompatível, sustentável e com múltiplas funcionalidades. Isso lhe permitiu criar uma nova classe de compósitos e fazer planos para abrigos em Marte feitos com carapaças de insetos.


A quitina é um polímero orgânico que é o principal componente das carapaças dos artrópodes, como crustáceos, alguns insetos e até das asas das borboletas. E o caso das borboletas é interessante como fonte de inspiração porque elas apresentam mudanças estruturais que podem ser copiadas para aplicações práticas. O professor Fernandez descobriu, também, que podem ser usadas para produzir eletricidade.


Assim que uma borboleta emerge do seu casulo, no estágio final da metamorfose, ela abre lentamente as asas, para que elas possam secar. O material quitinoso fica desidratado, enquanto o sangue bombeado pelas veias do inseto produz forças que reorganizam as moléculas da quitina, para que ela adquira a resistência e a rigidez únicas necessárias para o voo. E foi essa combinação natural de forças, movimento da água e organização molecular que mostrou agora a possibilidade de criação de atuadores mecânicos e para gerar energia.


"Nós demonstramos que, mesmo após serem extraídos de fontes naturais, os polímeros quitinosos mantêm sua capacidade natural de vincular diferentes forças, organização molecular e conteúdo de água para gerar movimento mecânico e produzir eletricidade, sem a necessidade de uma fonte de energia externa ou sistema de controle," disse Fernandez.



 Músculos artificiais de quitina



A demonstração foi feita a partir de quitina extraída de cascas de camarão descartadas, que foi transformada em filmes com cerca de 130 micrômetros de espessura.


Ao estudar os efeitos de forças externas nesses filmes quitinosos, com foco nas mudanças na organização molecular, teor de água e propriedades mecânicas, os pesquisadores observaram que, semelhante ao desdobramento das asas das borboletas, esticar os filmes força uma reorganização em sua estrutura cristalina - as moléculas ficaram mais compactadas e o teor de água diminuiu.


Para demonstrar a aplicabilidade dos filmes, a equipe usou-os para criar músculos artificiais, que foram então montados em uma mão robótica. Controlando a concentração de água intermolecular dos filmes, por meio de mudanças ambientais e processos bioquímicos, o material gerou força suficiente para que a mão apresentasse um movimento de preensão impressionante, com uma força equivalente a 18 quilogramas - mais da metade da força de preensão média de um adulto.


Diferente da natureza inerte dos polímeros sintéticos, os filmes de quitina reorganizados podem se distender e contrair autonomamente em resposta a mudanças de umidade no ambiente, imitando a forma como alguns insetos adaptam sua casca a diferentes situações. Essa capacidade nativa permitiu que os filmes quitinosos levantassem verticalmente objetos pesando mais de 4,5 quilos.


A capacidade de produzir essa força por meios bioquímicos indica o potencial de uso dos filmes quitinosos para integração em sistemas biológicos, com aplicações biomédicas, como próteses e implantes médicos.



Filmes de quitina produzem eletricidade



Em outra demonstração, a equipe mostrou que a resposta do material às mudanças de umidade pode ser usada para extrair energia das oscilações ambientais e convertê-la em eletricidade, criando mais uma opção para a colheita de energia, um conceito para alimentação de pequenos aparelhos e sensores que hoje vem sendo dominado pelos nanogeradores triboelétricos.


Ao anexar os filmes a um material piezoelétrico, o movimento mecânico dos filmes em resposta às mudanças de umidade no ambiente foi convertido em correntes elétricas suficientes para alimentar pequenos eletrônicos, como os usados na internet das coisas.


A quitina é o segundo polímero orgânico mais abundante na natureza - depois da celulose - e faz parte de todos os ecossistemas, podendo ser obtido de forma rápida e sustentável de vários organismos ou mesmo de resíduos urbanos.


 "A quitina é usada para muitas funções complexas na natureza, desde a composição das asas dos insetos até a formação das conchas protetoras duras dos moluscos, e tem aplicação direta na engenharia. Nossa capacidade de entender e usar a quitina em sua forma nativa é fundamental para permitir novas aplicações de engenharia e desenvolvê-las dentro de um paradigma de integração ecológica e baixo consumo de energia," concluiu Fernandez.



Retirado e adaptado de: INOVAÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA. Asas de borboleta inspiram músculos artificiais e produzem eletricidade. Inovação tecnológica. Disponível em: inaaviraamusscuooariicaa-produz-eeerciddadee&&d==0100116023080444

o=quitina-vira-musculo-artificial-produz-eletricidade&id=010160230804

Acesso em: 08 ago., 2023.

Sobre as relações coesivas estabelecidas em "Asas de borboleta inspiram músculos artificiais e produzem eletricidade", indique qual o termo retomado por cada um dos anafóricos indicados a seguir:

I. Isso (primeiro parágrafo)
a. quitina como um material inteligente, biocompatível, sustentável e com múltiplas funcionalidades.
b. estudando as possibilidades de uso da quitina como um material inteligente, biocompatível, sustentável e com múltiplas funcionalidades.

II. Os pesquisadores (sexto parágrafo)
a. Equipe de Javier Fernandez.
 b. Nós (quarto parágrafo).

III. Essa capacidade nativa (oitavo parágrafo)
 a. levantassem verticalmente objetos pesando mais de 4,5 quilos.
 b.se distender e contrair autonomamente em resposta a mudanças de umidade no ambiente.

IV .Essa força (nono parágrafo)
a. meios bioquímicos.
b. levantassem verticalmente objetos pesando mais de 4,5 quilos.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta:

Alternativas
Q3678492 Inglês
Qual das seguintes afirmações melhor descreve a abordagem comunicativa no ensino e aprendizagem da língua inglesa?
Alternativas
Q3678491 Inglês

Choose the correct verb tense for the following sentence:



By the time I finish this project, I __________ for over ten hours straight.



Tick the correct alternative:

Alternativas
Q3678490 Inglês
Select the option that contains the appropriate question tag:
Alternativas
Q3678489 Inglês

Consider the excerpt below:



John went to the supermarket in the neighboring town to buy the following items: apple, potato, onion, orange, watermelon and grape.



Of the underlined words, how many are countable nouns?

Alternativas
Q3678488 Inglês

Identify the adjective in the following sentence from the text.



(5º§) "In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she this was normal."



Choose the correct alternative:

Alternativas
Q3678487 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

What did Ellie primarily credit for helping her in her recovery journey from postnatal depression and anxiety?
Alternativas
Q3678486 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

Translate the following phrasal verb from the text: "get on with" (11º§).
Alternativas
Q3678485 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

What made Ellie begin to realize that something wasn't quite right with her feelings towards her baby?
Alternativas
Q3678484 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

According to the text, what percentage of women are affected by postnatal depression within a year after giving birth?
Alternativas
Q3678483 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

Based on the text, which of the following titles would be most suitable for the text?
Alternativas
Q3678482 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

Choose the alternative that correctly fills in the blanks of paragraphs 05, 08 and 11:
Alternativas
Q3678481 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

Consider the excerpt below:


(7º§) "But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: 'The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die.' Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: 'It was intense.'         


Choose the correct option that demonstrates the proper use of pronouns in the text.

Alternativas
Q3678480 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo:

(1º§) POSTNATAL depression is rife among parents, affecting more than one in 10 women within a year after they've given birth. But many mums hesitate before speaking out about their battles with mental health in what supposed to be a blissful period for them.

(2º§) Ellie Polly Killah, a YouTuber and mum of two boys aged six and two, said she'd ummed and ahhed about sharing her own experience for two years. In a video uploaded to her channel, she gave a raw account of her postnatal depression and the severe anxiety and intrusive thoughts it triggered in its aftermath. "I'm not gonna sugarcoat it, I'm just gonna say it how it is because it's not a pretty thing to deal with, to go through so I'm not going to try and make it so," she told viewers. "This is my story from the beginning till now and how I learned to live with it - I say live with it not overcome it because I don't think you ever do," the mum went on. She hoped the video might help anyone at the precipice of this process.

(3º§) Ellie said she had no history of mental health struggles when she gave birth to her first son Leo in 2017 at the age of 27. She was the first of her friends to have a kid she recalled feeling lonely. And Ellie became aware of her 'attachment issues' with Leo immediately after he was born. "People love to tell you that when your baby is born you have this immediate rush of love when you look at them," she explained. But Ellie said that isn't the case for everyone and it wasn't the case for her with her first child. "Obviously I was amazed when I saw him, sort of overwhelmed, couldn't believe he was here, but I don't remember feeling that complete love and awe of him."

(4º§) Ellie struggled to feel bonded to Leo, but thought there was just 'something really wrong' with her. "I would cry every day but a lot of the time in secret," she remembered, and the new mum said she locked herself in her room to do so whenever someone came round to visit. "I think I did it secretly because I was embarrassed or ashamed, or I thought if people knew I was struggling that they would just think I was this awful mother, or he'd get taken away from me." "Your brain sends you an all of these imaginary scenarios."

(5º§) In retrospect, Ellie questioned how she thought this was normal. Her fiance Clint went back to work when Leo was two weeks old and he'd often have to travel, meaning that Ellie was on her own a lot. She remembered ringing Clint and saying __ her son: "I feel like I don't like him." She told viewers it was painful to recall feeling that way, but it made her begin to realise something wasn't quite right. "This was the first baby for both of us, so we didn't really recognise post-partum depression or know what we were really looking for.

(6º§) At eight weeks old, Ellie's bond for her baby 'came on quite suddenly'. "I remember it hitting me like a wave, looking at him one day and being like: there it is," Ellie said.


Intrusive thoughts and OCD

(7º§) But the guilt of not experiencing that early attachment lead to the mum being 'extremely anxious' about her son. She explained: "The intense love and responsibility that I had to this baby lead me to constantly, constantly [think] he was going to die." Ellie would have 'hideous, morbid, intrusive thoughts' multiple times a day, particularly triggered when she was driving or Leo was in the bath: "It was intense."

(8º§) She started to get panic attacks and physical side effects from the anxiety she was experiencing, like like a tight chest, stomach pains, nausea and headaches. "I know now that OCD basically goes hand in had with severe anxiety," Ellie went on. At her worst, Ellie was convinced her home would catch fire in the night and would obsessively plan out an escape route in her head before sleeping. She also became gripped by the fear that she would die __ the night and leave her baby on his own.    

(9º§) Ellie asked her mum or fiance text her every morning in case this happened.The new mum had her wake-up call when she confessed this fear to her friends one evening and saw the horror on their faces. She booked a therapist appointment the next day.


What helped?

(10º§) Ellie said therapy was hugely helpful to her recovery journey, as was medication. The mum saw female therapist who specialised in anxiety, who taught her techniques that Ellie said she used to this day. A method deal with with her intrusive thoughts was to take a deep breath when she was taken over by one, soak it in and then weigh up the evidence it is true vs. the evidence it isn't. "The one or two minutes it takes for you to sum up that evidence for and against, you've completely calmed down," Ellie said.

(11º§) Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. "I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all." She went on: "If you are in a dark place and feel like you need help, just talk to someone." Then it's best you get professional help, as these kinds of feelings are "really hard to master on your own". The mum ended on a happier note. "And if you had a bad experience and you're nervous about your second, let me tell you it was a completely different experience __ me second time round.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/22465978

Consider the excerpt below:



(11º§) "Three years later Ellie said she's realised how common her experience with postnatal depression is. 'I'll worry about my kids forever, I'll probably always get these horrible thoughts and ideas, but I know how to deal with them so I just get on with it. It doesn't control me at all.'       



Choose the correct option that demonstrates the proper use of adjective superlative and comparative forms in the text:

Alternativas
Q3678477 Pedagogia
A partir da concepção de que o planejamento educacional, para qualquer sociedade, tem de responder às marcas e aos valores da sociedade, é correto afirmar que:
Alternativas
Q3678476 Pedagogia
De acordo com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional (Lei n.º 9.394/1996), a educação no Brasil é um direito de todos e um dever do Estado e da família, visando ao pleno desenvolvimento da pessoa, seu preparo para o exercício da cidadania e sua qualificação para o trabalho. Nesse contexto, assinale a alternativa correta acerca da gestão democrática da educação:
Alternativas
Q3678452 Português
A língua, seja ela oral ou escrita, é uma forma essencial de comunicação entre os seres humanos. Ela desempenha um papel central em várias disciplinas acadêmicas e encontra-se intimamente ligada à interdisciplinaridade, ou seja, à integração de diferentes campos de conhecimento na abordagem de um tema ou problema de forma mais abrangente e completa (FIORIN, 2008. Adaptado).

Assinale a opção correta quanto aos campos de conhecimento:
Alternativas
Q3678451 Português
A tipologia textual é uma classificação dos diferentes tipos de textos que existem, com base em suas características estruturais, linguísticas e funcionais. Essa classificação é útil para entendermos os propósitos comunicativos e a maneira como as informações são organizadas em cada tipo de texto (BECHARA, 2019. Adaptado).

Assinale a opção correta em relação aos conceitos mencionados:
Alternativas
Q3678450 Português
Em 2005, San Basilio de Palenque, uma cidade a cinquenta quilômetros de distância conhecida como o primeiro assentamento sem escravidão nas Américas, recebeu o mesmo reconhecimento.

O termo destacado concorda com _________ e trata-se de um caso de _________.
Alternativas
Q3678449 Português

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão abaixo.


O muro que divide Cartagena, a cidade mais turística da Colômbia



O símbolo internacional de Cartagena, uma das cidades mais famosas da Colômbia, é um cordão de muralhas que separa as pessoas desde a sua construção no século 16: primeiro entre espanhóis e piratas, depois entre brancos e negros, e agora entre turistas e moradores da cidade. Há moradores que nunca estiveram na cidade amuralhada, e muitos outros podem ter passado anos, ou décadas, sem pisar no bairro que lhes dá reconhecimento mundial.



 "É como os parisienses que não vão à Torre Eiffel", justificam alguns. Com a diferença que os muros cercam o centro da cidade − sede de várias universidades e de um Estado que muitos aqui veem como estrangeiro.



Em 1984, esses onze quilômetros de muro à beira do Mar do Caribe foram declarados Patrimônio da Humanidade pela Unesco. Em 2005, San Basilio de Palenque, uma cidade a cinquenta quilômetros de distância conhecida como o primeiro assentamento sem escravidão nas Américas, recebeu o mesmo reconhecimento.



Mas Betty Sargado, uma palenquera que vive de posar para fotos com turistas fascinados pelas cores de suas roupas e pelas frutas que carrega na cabeça, não vê grande benefício nesse "chamado patrimônio".



"Somos patrimônio histórico, meu amor, mas não temos seguro para pagar o dentista", diz à BBC News Mundo. "Eu não tenho um cartão que diz que sou patrimônio histórico e que, por isso, devem me oferecer serviço de odontologia. Então, que tipo de patrimônio histórico é esse?"



Empregada doméstica por quatorze anos e depois massagista nas praias, Betty e sua mãe, Angélica Cáceres, foram umas das primeiras palenqueras a chegar ao centro para aproveitar ao máximo o turismo.



Passam os dias a cativar o estrangeiro: agitam as saias, contam piada, enquanto pedem uma "picture, picture (foto em inglês)".



"Fomos nós, negros, que fizemos essas paredes", diz Betty, enquanto observa o amanhecer que tinge a rocha de coral. "Mas não temos muitos direitos sobre elas", reclama. "Ninguém sabe nada das muralhas pra lá."



Das muralhas para lá está "a outra Cartagena", uma cidade de quase dois milhões de habitantes onde duas em cada três pessoas, segundo dados oficiais, não comem três vezes ao dia; onde 70% trabalham na informalidade, têm a pior qualidade educacional do país e vivem sob a ansiedade de uma criminalidade que registrou 360 homicídios em 2022, o maior número da história recente, e entrou pela primeira vez na lista das 50 cidades mais perigosas do mundo − seis delas são colombianas.



A ideia das duas Cartagenas, uma feliz e outra triste, se consolidou. Ela está na mídia, em discursos políticos, em reportagens turísticas.



Em uma Cartagena, você pode ouvir o galope dos cavalos em uma carruagem, os gritos de "feliz casamento". No outro, o ronco dos mototáxis, as buzinas do trânsito caótico e os aviões que pousam ao lado de um bairro de casas assombradas com ruas sem calçamento.



Em uma delas há butiques de luxo, galerias de arte, eletricidade e água encanada. Na outra, vendedores ambulantes lotam semáforos e esquinas, e os serviços básicos são intermitentes.



A história de que existem duas cidades, uma boa e outra ruim, virou um clichê que os próprios moradores repetem e que, como todo clichê, é discutível. Porque uma Cartagena precisa da outra, elas se alimentam. Porque das paredes para fora pode haver caos, mas também vida, folclore, idiossincrasia caribenha.



https://www.bbc.com/portuguese/articles/cmlxmeg1g9mo. Adaptado.



Há moradores que nunca estiveram na cidade amuralhada.



O vocábulo destacado, morfossintaticamente, é:     

Alternativas
Respostas
21: A
22: B
23: C
24: C
25: E
26: B
27: C
28: C
29: A
30: D
31: D
32: D
33: B
34: X
35: X
36: X
37: C
38: E
39: E
40: A