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The Audio-Lingual Method, like the Direct Method is also an oral-based approach. However, it is very different in that rather than emphasizing vocabulary acquisition through exposure to its use in situations, the Audio-Lingual Method drills students in the use of grammatical sentence patterns. It also, unlike the Direct Method, has a strong theoretical base in linguistics and psychology. Charles Fries (1945) of the University of Michigan led the way in applying principles from structural linguistics in developing the method. and for this reason, it has sometimes been referred to as the 'Michigan Method'. Later in its development, principles from behavior al psychology (Skinner 1957) were incorporated. It was thought that the way to acquire the sentence parterns of the target language was through conditioning- helping learners to respond correctly to stimuli through shaping and reinforcement. Learners could over come the habits of their native language and form the new habits required to be target language speakers.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, Diane. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. 3rd ed. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness. Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including: Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, life experiences, such as trauma or abuse and family history of mental health problems.

Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more. However, with early and consistent treatment—often a combination of medication and psychotherapy—it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life. Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:

• Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don’t stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor’s guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.

• Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.

• Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.

• Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.

• Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.

• Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.

Available in:< https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health>