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O efeito estufa, de grande preocupação atual, decorre da emissão exagerada de certos gases. São consequências do efeito estufa, EXCETO:
A Revolução Industrial do século XVIII trouxe vários avanços tecnológicos e mais rapidez na forma de produzir, por outro lado originou uma significativa alteração na qualidade do ar atmosférico. No mundo e, em particular no Brasil, um dos principais problemas ambientais decorrentes da industrialização é a poluição atmosférica. Dessa forma, podem ocorrer precipitações ácidas em regiões distantes, causando vários danos ao meio ambiente. Com relação aos efeitos sobre o ecossistema, pode-se afirmar que:
I. São lançados no ar, entre outros materiais, o dióxido de enxofre (SO2), dióxido de nitrogênio (NO2) e monóxido de carbono (CO) que podem ser transportados por muitos quilômetros;
II. As chuvas ácidas poderiam causar a diminuição do pH da água de um lago, o que acarretaria a morte de algumas espécies, rompendo a cadeia alimentar;
III. As chuvas ácidas poderiam provocar acidificação do solo, o que prejudicaria o crescimento de certos vegetais;
IV. As chuvas ácidas causam danos se apresentarem valor de pH maior que o da água destilada.
Dessas afirmativas, está(ão) correta(s):
As atividades vinculadas à Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental devem ser desenvolvidas na educação em geral e na educação escolar, por meio das seguintes linhas de atuação inter-relacionadas. Avalie as informações abaixo.
I - Informação, sensibilização, conscientização e comunicação;
II - Capacitação de recursos humanos;
III - Desenvolvimento de estudos, pesquisas e experimentações;
IV - Produção e divulgação de material educativo;
V - Acompanhamento e avaliação.
Estão corretas as informações, EXCETO:
A Lei nº 9.795/99, de 27 de abril de 1999, estabelece que a educação ambiental seja um componente essencial e permanente da educação nacional, devendo estar presente, de forma articulada, em todos os níveis e modalidades do processo educativo. Avalie as informações abaixo.
I - A educação ambiental será desenvolvida como uma prática educativa integrada, contínua e permanente em todos os níveis e modalidades do ensino formal;
II - A educação ambiental deve ser implantada como disciplina alternativa no currículo de ensino;
III - A educação ambiental não deve ser implantada como disciplina específica no currículo de ensino;
IV - As atividades vinculadas à Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental devem ser restritas à educação formal;
V - Os Estados, o Distrito Federal e os Municípios, na esfera de sua competência e nas áreas de sua jurisdição, definirão diretrizes, normas e critérios para a educação ambiental, respeitados os princípios e objetivos da Política Nacional de Educação Ambiental.
Assinale a assertiva correta.
Na Resolução nº 237, de 19 de dezembro de 1997, o CONAMA estabeleceu o sistema de licenciamento de atividades poluidoras. Uma dessas licenças é a licença prévia que tem prazo máximo de validade de
No artigo 20 do Decreto 88.351/83, o licenciamento aparece como um dos instrumentos da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Dentre seus instrumentos, estão as Licenças Prévia (LP), licença de instalação (LI) e de Operação (LO). Avalie as informações abaixo:
I – A licença prévia, na fase preliminar do planejamento da atividade, deve conter os requisitos básicos a serem atendidos nas fases de localização, instalação e operação, observados os planos municipais, estaduais ou federais de uso do solo;
II – A licença de instalação, autoriza o início da implantação, de acordo com as especificações constantes do Projeto Executivo aprovado;
III – A licença de operação autoriza, após as verificações necessárias, o início da atividade licenciada e o funcionamento de seus equipamentos de controle de poluição, de acordo com o previsto nas licenças Prévia e de Instalação;
IV – A licença prévia autoriza o início da implantação, de acordo com as especificações constantes do Projeto Executivo aprovado;
V – A licença de instalação contém os requisitos básicos a serem atendidos nas fases de localização, instalação e operação de um empreendimento ou atividade, observados os planos municipais, estaduais ou federais de uso do solo.
Estão corretas somente as afirmações
No âmbito do licenciamento ambiental, a distinção entre os conceitos de licença e autorização é fundamental. Avalie as informações abaixo:
I - licenciamento ambiental é um procedimento administrativo pelo qual o órgão ambiental competente licencia a localização, instalação, ampliação e operação de empreendimentos e atividades utilizadoras de recursos ambientais consideradas efetiva ou potencialmente poluidoras ou daquelas que, sob qualquer forma, possam causar degradação ambiental, considerando as disposições legais e regulamentares e as normas técnicas aplicáveis ao caso;
II - licenciamento ambiental pressupõe um julgamento de valor por parte do agente público na análise do projeto e aplica-se aos casos em que não existe um direito preexistente por parte do administrativo para o exercício daquela atividade;
III - Autorização pressupõe um julgamento de valor por parte do agente público na análise do projeto e aplica-se aos casos em que não existe um direito preexistente por parte do administrativo para o exercício daquela atividade;
IV - Autorização designa o ato unilateral e discricionário pelo qual a Administração possibilita ao particular o desempenho de atividade material ou a prática de ato que, sem esse consentimento, seriam legalmente proibidos;
V - Autorização é a regra ou conjunto de regras para avaliar a importância de uma atividade ou impacto.
Indique a alternativa que apresenta, de maneira correta, esses dois conceitos.
A resolução do CONANA nº 01/1986 dispõe sobre os critérios básicos e diretrizes gerais para a avaliação de impacto ambiental. Segundo esta resolução, o relatório de impacto ambiental (RIMA) refletirá as conclusões do estudo de impacto ambiental e conterá, no mínimo, EXCETO:
Na realização do relatório do estudo de impacto ambiental (EIA) deve–se seguir um roteiro que contenha:
I - O diagnóstico ambiental da área de influência do projeto abrangendo os meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico em qualquer hipótese de realização de obra ou atividade que cause risco de dano ambiental;
II - O estudo de impacto ambiental é obrigatório em qualquer hipótese de realização de obra ou atividade que cause risco de dano ambiental, independentemente de sua magnitude;
III - O órgão ambiental licenciador não está obrigado a aceitar as conclusões do estudo de impacto ambiental e poderá solicitar esclarecimentos e complementações;
IV - Avaliação de impacto ambiental (AIA) da área de influência do projeto e a definição de medidas mitigadoras dos eventuais impactos negativos.
NÃO ESTÁ CORRETO o que se afirma em
Na elaboração dos Estudos de Impactos Ambientais (EIA) deve haver propostas com o objetivo de tentar evitar o impacto negativo, sendo impossível evitá-lo, procurar corrigi-lo, recuperando o ambiente. Essas ações são denominadas
O Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente (CONAMA) é órgão encarregado de:
I - Estudar e propor diretrizes e políticas governamentais para o meio ambiente e deliberar, no âmbito de sua competência, sobre normas, padrões e critérios de controle ambiental;
II - Estabelece normas e critérios para o licenciamento de atividades efetivas ou potencialmente poluidoras;
III - Apurar denúncias de atividades efetivas ou potencialmente poluidoras;
IV - Ser responsável pela manutenção atualizada da legislação ambiental brasileira;
V - Estabelecer, privativamente, normas e padrões nacionais de controle da poluição causada por veículos automotores, aeronaves e embarcações.
Estão ERRADAS:
O estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) pode ser definido como uma série de procedimentos legais, institucionais e técnicocientíficos, com o objetivo de caracterizar e identificar impactos potenciais na instalação futura de um empreendimento. O EIA na Legislação Federal segue os seguintes termos:
I - É referente a um projeto específico a ser implantado em determinada área ou meio;
II - É interdisciplinar;
III - Trata-se de um estudo prévio, ou seja, serve de instrumento de planejamento e subsídio à tomada de decisões políticas na implantação da obra;
IV - Deve levar em conta os segmentos básicos do meio ambiente (meios físico, biológico e socioeconômico);
V - O EIA apresenta uma abrangência maior, englobando o RIMA em seu conteúdo.
Estão corretas as afirmativas
TEXT IV
Garfield
Disponível em: <http://fredisrich.blogspot.com.br/2009_02_01_archive.html>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2016.
The idea expressed by the modal verb can in the last picture is
TEXT IV
Garfield
Disponível em: <http://fredisrich.blogspot.com.br/2009_02_01_archive.html>. Acesso em: 15 out. 2016.
In the cartoon above, beware is synonymous with
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is unlikely to take place.(l. 60-61)
The phrasal verb take place means
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
It´s widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person´s level of happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the cardiovascular system […](l. 25-28)
The pronoun it refers to
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
The idea expressed by can in Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it(l. 11) is
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics[…](l. 68).
The sentence which has the same meaning of the previous one is It's become quite clear that modern education
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen, grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness. (l. 58-59)
In this sentence as is
TEXT III
Important reasons for teaching kindness in schools
Most people have heard the phrase random acts of kindness, which refers to a selfless act of giving
resulting in the happiness of another person. Terms like this are increasing in popularity around the
world, as more people identify a deficiency in their lives that can only be fulfilled by altruism.
It seems we just can't get enough of those addictive feel good emotions and with good reason.
5 Scientific studies have shown that kindness has a great number of physical and emotional benefits,
and that children require a healthy dose of the warm and fuzzies in order to flourish as health, happy,
well-rounded individuals.
Patty O'Grady, PhD, is an expert in the area of neuroscience, emotional learning, and positive
psychology with special attention to the educational arena. She believes that kindness changes the brain
10 by the experience of kindness. Children and adolescents do not learn kindness by only thinking about it and
talking about it. Kindness is best learned by feeling it so that they can reproduce it. Kindness is an emotion that
students feel and empathy is a strength that they share.
A great number of benefits have been reported to support the theory of teaching kindness in schools:
1. Happy Children
15 Science explains that the good feelings we experience when being kind are produced by endorphins
that activate areas of the brain that are associated with pleasure, social connection and trust, and it's
proven that these feelings of joyfulness are contagious, encouraging more kind behaviour by the giver
and recipient.
2. Increased Peer Acceptance
20 Research on the subject has determined that kindness increases our ability to form meaningful
connections with others. Studies show that kind, happy children enjoy greater peer acceptance
because they are well-liked and that better than average mental health is reported in classrooms that
practice more inclusive behaviour due to an even distribution of popularity.
3. Improved Health and Less Stress
25 It's widely documented that being kind can trigger a release of the hormone oxytocin which has a
number of physical and mental health benefits as it can significantly increase a person's level of
happiness and reduce stress. More recently though, it's been found it plays a significant role in the
cardiovascular system, helping protect the heart by lowering blood pressure and reducing free
radicals and inflammation, which incidentally speed up the aging process.
30 4. Greater Sense of Belonging and Improved Self Esteem
Studies show that people experience a 'helpers high' when they do a good deed, a rush of endorphins
that creates a lasting sense of pride, wellbeing and an enriched sense of belonging. Even small acts of
kindness are reported to heighten our sense of wellbeing, increase energy and give a wonderful
feeling of optimism and self worth.
35 5. Increased Feelings of Gratitude
When children are part of projects that help others less fortunate than themselves, it provides them
with a real sense of perspective and helps them appreciate the good things in their own lives.
6. Better Concentration and Improved Results
As it increases serotonin, which plays an important part in learning, memory, mood, sleep, health and
40 digestion, kindness is a key ingredient that helps children feel good. Having a positive outlook allows
them greater attentions spans and enables more creative thinking to produce better results at school.
7. Less Bullying
Two Penn State Harrisburg faculty researchers, Shanetia Clark and Barbara Marinak say, unlike
previous generations, today's adolescents are victimizing each other at alarming rates. They argue adolescent
45 bullying and youth violence can be confronted through in-school programs that integrate kindness the
antithesis of victimization.
Many traditional anti-bullying programs focus on the negative actions that cause children anxiety and
often with little impact. Teaching kindness and compassion in schools, not only fosters the positive
behaviour that creates warm and inclusive school environments, but helps children feel that they
50 belong. It's documented that the effects of bullying can be significantly reduced by integrating
kindness based programs in schools.
8. Reduced Depression
Dr. Wayne Dyer, internationally renowned author and speaker, says research has discovered that an
act of kindness increases levels of serotonin (a natural chemical responsible for improving mood) in
55 the brain. It's also found that serotonin levels are increased in both the giver and receiver of an act of
kindness, as well as anyone who witnesses that kindness, making it a wonderful natural
antidepressant.
Maurice Elias, a professor at Rutgers University Psychology Department says that as a citizen,
grandparent, father, and professional, it is clear to me that the mission of schools must include teaching kindness.
60 Without it, communities, families, schools, and classrooms become places of incivility where lasting learning is
unlikely to take place.
We need to be prepared to teach kindness, because it can be delayed due to maltreatment early in life. It can be
smothered under the weight of poverty, and it can be derailed by victimization later in life. Yet despite these and
other travails, the receipt of kindness and the ability to show kindness through service are both growth enhancing
65 and soul cleansing.
Kindness can be taught, and it is a defining aspect of civilized human life. It belongs in every home, school,
neighborhood, and society.
It's become quite clear that modern education must encompass more than just academics, that in order
for children to develop into happy, confident, well-rounded individuals, matters of the heart must be
70 taken seriously and nurtured as a matter of priority.
Disponível em: <http://edarticle.com/8-important-reasons-for-teaching-kindness-in-schools/>. Acesso em: 15 set. 2016.
Which word is a noun according to the context?
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