Consider the excerpt below from two different genres:

(1) News report:

"Authorities confirmed that the bridge will remain closed until structural inspections are completed."

(2) Personal narrative:

"I remember standing by the bridge that morning, watching the workers check every beam as if the whole town depended on it."

Mark the alternative with the logical linguistic difference about these two genres: 

Consider the following pair of sentences:

Active:

“Researchers conducted the experiment carefully.”

Passive:

“The experiment was conducted carefully (by researchers).”

Point the alternative that describes the functional difference between the active and passive constructions:

About the sentence:

“She had been working on the project before the manager arrived.”

Choose the alternative with the right tense–aspect combination used in the verb phrase “had been working”:

Consider the sentence:

“By the time she arrives tomorrow, they will have finished the report.”

Which option BEST explains the temporal relationship expressed by the verb forms?

Consider the following sentence:

“It was John who suggested changing the curriculum.”

Which option BEST explains the function of the cleft construction in terms of word order and focus? 

In the sentence below, identify which option BEST explains the grammatical reason why the comparative structure is considered incorrect and should be rewritten:

‘This book is more preferable than the other.’ 

Consider the direct speech:

“I can’t attend the meeting now because my supervisor is traveling,” said Laura.

When transforming the sentence into reported speech, it is necessary to consider the appropriate changes in verb tense and deictic expressions. About this, choose the correct alternative: 

“Roman aqueducts were advanced hydraulic-engineering systems designed to transport water from distant springs to cities, bath complexes, and public fountains. Built with arches, elevated channels, and underground tunnels, they combined technical precision with topographic knowledge. Their durability and efficiency continue to influence modern water-supply projects.”.

The text about Roman aqueducts presents information organized objectively, explaining structural and functional characteristics of this hydraulic system. Considering principles of text typology and textual genre, choose the correct alternative:

Consider the sentences below:

The committee rejected the proposal after a long discussion.

The proposal, after a long discussion, was rejected.

After a long discussion, the proposal faced rejection.

Analyze the three statements considering voice, syntactic structure, systemic-functional grammar (theme/rheme), and changes in informational focus. Mark the correct alternative:

Nominal sentences present a relatively simple grammatical structure and fulfill their function in a direct way. Verbal sentences, on the other hand, due to the presence of lexical elements and more complex relations, have a more elaborate structure. Analyze the two examples below and mark the correct option:

“The little girl quickly opened the red box in the kitchen.”

“Absolute silence in the library.”

Read the following sentence carefully:

“Despite the heavy rain, Sarah continued her lecture with remarkable clarity and confidence. Her students, however, seemed distracted and tired.”

Sign the best explanation about the grammatical and discourse functions in the excerpt:

Choose the correct word formed from the base word “happy” to complete the sentence:

“Despite the bad weather, she remained ______ and cheerful throughout the trip.