Read the excerpt: “Her magic often involves ancient books o...

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   The archetype of the classic witch is a cornerstone of global folklore and fiction, often depicted as a formidable and sinister antagonist. These figures are deeply embedded in collective storytelling, usually characterized by their malevolent intentions towards protagonists, especially innocent children or virtuous heroes. Their narrative role is fundamentally to embody the forces of darkness, chaos, or forbidden knowledge, creating a clear moral contrast and a formidable obstacle for the main characters to overcome. From European fairy tales to modern pop culture, the classic witch serves as a powerful symbol of fear and the supernatural.


    Physically, the traditional witch is frequently described as an old, haggard woman with exaggeratedly ugly features, which visually symbolizes her inner corruption and alienation from societal norms. Common traits include a long, hooked nose, warts, disheveled gray hair, and crooked fingers. She is typically clothed in dark, ragged robes and a pointed, wide-brimmed hat, an image popularized and solidified by Western media. This distinct and fearsome appearance is designed to evoke immediate unease and signal her dangerous nature to the audience.


   The classic witch's power is intrinsically linked to specific magical tools and practices. The bubbling cauldron is her quintessential instrument, used for brewing potent potions, casting spells, and concocting mysterious elixirs. Her magic often involves ancient books ofspells, enchanted mirrors that show more than mere reflections, and the command over supernatural familiars like black cats, crows, or toads. These elements are not just props; they are extensions of her will and the sources of her power, which she uses to curse, transform, or deceive those who cross her path.


This archetype finds vivid expression in some of the most famous villains of literature and film. The Wicked Witch of the West from The Wizard of Oz menaces Dorothy with her command over flying monkeys and her thirst for revenge. The Evil Queen from Snow White, obsessed with being the "fairest of them all," uses a poisoned apple in her deadly scheme. Similarly, Maleficent from Sleeping Beauty is a figure of pure vengeance, cursing an infant princess to a sleep-like death. Beyond Anglo-American tales, other cultures have their own versions, such as Brazil's Cuca, a child-eating alligator-witch from Sítio do Picapau Amarelo.


   However, the portrayal of the witch is not monolithic and has evolved to include more nuanced or comedic figures. In the Mexican sitcom El Chavo del Ocho, Doña Clotilde, nicknamed "La Bruja del 71," is a neighborhood eccentric whose witch persona is more a source of gossip and lighthearted fear than genuine evil. Furthermore, modern narratives like the film Hocus Pocus present the Sanderson sisters as a blend of the classic tropes—complete with spell books and a thirst for youth—but with a comedic and less terrifying demeanor, showcasing the adaptability and enduring fascination with this iconic character type. 

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“Her magic often involves ancient books of spells, enchanted mirrors that show more than mere reflections, and the command over supernatural familiars like black cats, crows, or toads. These elements are not just props; they are extensions of her will and the sources of her power…”

In this excerpt, the pronoun “they” refers to:
Alternativas

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Gabarito: C

Fundamento decisivo: Trecho literal decisivo: “Her magic often involves ancient books of spells, enchanted mirrors that show more than mere reflections, and the command over supernatural familiars like black cats, crows, or toads. These elements are not just props; they are extensions of her will and the sources of her power…”. Consequência: “they” retoma “These elements”, isto é, a enumeração anterior em conjunto, o que confirma a alternativa C.

Tema central: Referência pronominal
Análise das alternativas
A
Errada
Incorreta. Restringe o referente apenas a “black cats, crows, or toads”, que são apenas exemplos de “supernatural familiars”. O pronome “they” não retoma só esses animais, mas “These elements”, expressão resumitiva que abrange toda a enumeração anterior.
B
Errada
Incorreta. Limita o referente aos feitiços escritos nos livros, mas o texto menciona “ancient books of spells” como um dos elementos da enumeração, não os feitiços isoladamente como antecedente de “they”. O antecedente expresso é mais amplo.
C
Certa
A alternativa C está correta porque reproduz integralmente o antecedente resumido por “These elements”, que é o sintagma retomado por “they”. No excerto, a coesão textual é direta: primeiro o texto enumera “ancient books of spells, enchanted mirrors ... and ... familiars”; em seguida, condensa essa enumeração em “These elements” e afirma que “they are extensions of her will and the sources of her power”. Logo, o referente não é um item isolado da lista, mas o conjunto completo dos elementos mencionados.
D
Errada
Incorreta. “Reflections” aparece apenas como conteúdo mostrado pelos espelhos encantados: “enchanted mirrors that show more than mere reflections”. Trata-se de elemento acessório da descrição dos espelhos, e não do antecedente sintático nem semântico de “they”.
E
Errada
Incorreta. “Forces of darkness and chaos” pertence a outro trecho do texto, em parágrafo anterior, sem vínculo textual imediato com o excerto destacado. O pronome “they” está ligado localmente a “These elements”, e não a ideias remotas do texto.
Pegadinha da questão
A banca explorou a tendência de o candidato escolher um termo chamativo e próximo, como “black cats, crows, or toads”, ignorando que “These elements” resume toda a lista anterior e é o verdadeiro antecedente de “they”.
Dica para questões semelhantes
  • Quando houver pronome anafórico, localize primeiro o antecedente expresso mais imediato no mesmo período.
  • Se o texto usar expressão resumitiva como “these elements”, “such items” ou equivalente, o pronome seguinte normalmente retoma o conjunto inteiro, não apenas um item da enumeração.
  • Elimine alternativas parciais quando o antecedente textual for uma referência global à lista anterior.

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