•Use Text I for question.

TEXT I

HOW TO COPE WITH THE SUNDAY SCARIES

by Chantelle Lee

    ________(1) Sunday night, and you’re feeling sad and anxious about going back to work in the morning.

    Say hello to the Sunday scaries 

   You’re not alone in your workweek dread: “They’re very, very common,” says Susanne Cooperman, a neuropsychologist and psychoanalyst at New York University Langone Huntington Medical Group. “There’s nothing wrong with a person if they feel sad that the weekend is over. It’s when it really interferes in your functioning—when you can’t focus, when you can’t sleep, when you feel yourself medicating with alcohol—then you need help.”

   Here’s why people get the Sunday scaries and the best ways to combat those thoughts of doom and gloom.

   __________(2) are the Sunday scaries? The Sunday scaries typically manifest in two ways: feelings of depression that the weekend is ending, feelings of anxiety about the week to come, or both. These feelings typically start on Sunday afternoon.

   “It could be that you feel sad and irritable and you have difficulty concentrating and fatigue,”

   Cooperman says. That collection of feelings is called anhedonia—basically a loss of enjoyment.

   If you feel more dread for the work week ahead, that’s called “anticipatory anxiety,” she says.

   Why people get them 

   The scaries strike for all kinds of reasons. They could be related to work—maybe you’re afraid of losing your job, or you’re dreading going to the office in person, or you’re simply having a hard time unplugging from work after hours, Cooperman says.

   Or, she adds, it could also be that you overbooked yourself during the week and feel exhausted by the time Sunday comes around.

   How to deal with the Sunday scaries

  One of the best ways to deal with the Sunday scaries is to mentally plant yourself firmly in the present. One way to achieve this is to try a mediation or relaxation app, even if it’s only for 10 or 15 minutes, Cooperman says. “I think that’s probably the best out of all the tips: stay in the moment, really try to curtail that catastrophizing into the future,” she says. There are other paths away from the scaries, too: Unplug from your phone or social media, maintain a good work-life balance, do some exercise, or get some fresh air. Make sure to schedule fun activities for Sunday afternoon and evening and do things that reliably make you feel better or help you “refuel [your] batteries,” Cooperman says. Just as important is allowing yourself downtime to relax and unwind, she adds. She also recommends trying to split up errands throughout the week so you don’t feel like you wasted your entire Sunday doing them.

   While the Sunday scaries are common, people should keep an eye on how they’re coping come the end of the weekend. “Use healthy, adaptive ways to self-soothe when you’re anxious and have the scaries,” Cooperman says. “A glass of wine is fine, but if it’s more than that and you need it every night, then that’s a problem.” If the scaries are so bad that it’s significantly impacting your life, Cooperman suggests talking about these feelings with a therapist or a psychologist. Some warning signs include being so anxious that it’s hard to get out of bed in the morning, having anxiety attacks, needing alcohol to calm down, not being able to focus or sleep, or failing to enjoy the weekend at all. “If you just can’t get out of that loop where you’re constantly unhappy, then I think you’re at a place where you should see a psychologist or a therapist,” Cooperman says. “Sometimes it’s hard to [deal with it] on your own. It’s good to talk to a professional.” 

LEE, Chantelle. How to cope with the Sunday scaries. Time, New York, 6 Apr. 2025. Available at: https://time.com/7275089/what-are-sunday-scaries/. Accessed on: 11 Aug. 2025.

Read the text and answer the following questions

American man stolen as a baby in Chile meets mother at 42

By CNN's Rafael Romo

Published 3:05 AM EDT, Sat September 9, 2023

Jimmy Lippert Thyden says he always knew he was adopted. He also knew that he had been born not in the United States, but in Chile. Raised in Virginia by very loving and committed adoptive parents, he says he never lacked anything. The 42-year-old who served in the US Marines is now an attorney who is married and has two young daughters.

“I was told that I was given up for adoption out of love,” Thyden said. “Given by a mother who loved me and wanted the best for me: a life full of opportunity, education and meaning.”

That all started to change in 2012 when his adoptive mother gave him his adoption paperwork as he was preparing to deploy to Afghanistan. Thyden says that when he started looking closely at the adoption files, he found out that there were many discrepancies and inconsistencies.

There was one document that said he had no known father or mother. Another provided the name of a biological mother and her address. A third document specified the baby had no living relatives, and a fourth stated that he had been given up for adoption days after birth. Yet another document said he had been given up for adoption when he was two years old.

Thyden says it was not until a few months ago, when his wife read about the case of Scott Lieberman, that he became actively engaged in uncovering the truth about his adoption.

As CNN reported in May, Lieberman, the 42-yearold American from San Francisco, had also been adopted from Chile and had recently found out that he had been stolen as a baby. That’s how Thyden learned about “Nos Buscamos” (We Search for Each Other), a Chilean non-profit organization devoted to helping people stolen as babies find their biological parents and families. 

During the dictatorship of General Augusto Pinochet, from 1973 to 1990, many babies were funneled to adoption agencies. Some of the children came from rich families, who in many cases gave up babies born out of wedlock. Other babies from poorer backgrounds were simply stolen.

Chilean officials say the number of stolen babies could be in the thousands, but the country’s investigation into the controversial adoptions has languished. Some who took part in the illegal adoptions have died. Many clinics or hospitals where the babies were allegedly stolen no longer exist.

After reaching out to “Nos Buscamos,” Thyden says he got an email the next day from its director, Constanza del Río, who told him to call her right away. With the help of MyHeritage, an online genealogy company, Thyden got a match within a few weeks. When the match came back, del Río says she knew the next step was making a phone call to María Angélica González, 69, a woman who had believed for decades her son had died shortly after being born.

“She could not believe it. She thought it was a joke in poor taste because she had been told her premature baby boy had died,” del Río said. Del Río says González had been told the baby’s body had been disposed of in the trash. During the Pinochet dictatorship, when several thousand people were killed and disappeared, asking too many questions or protesting in a loud way could be dangerous. (Chile will mark the 50th anniversary of the coup that brought Pinochet to power on September 11.)

Learning the truth has been bittersweet for Thyden. He’s happy to finally know his true origins but sad about what his biological mother went through.

After three agonizing months, he was finally able to travel to Chile to give his biological mother the hug that had to wait for 42 years. When they met in the southern city of Valdivia in mid-August, he was finally able to utter the words he had been rehearsing for weeks. “Hola, mamá!,” he said when they finally embraced.

Thyden says that learning the truth has also been painful because his adoptive parents were also lied to and victimized. He says his adoptive parents first contacted an adoption agency in Virginia and specifically asked to adopt a child the right way, through a reputable agency, something that they put in writing.

“It’s not wasted on me that I recognize that I’m blessed in the fact that I have loving families on both sides of the equator. Are those things that I did because of where I was or are those things that I did because they are at the core of who I am?,” said Thyden, who pointed out that he says “mom” or “mother” when he’s speaking about his American adoptive mother and “mamá” when he refers to his Chilean, biological mother.

In the end, he says, the wisdom about what happened to him came from his five-year-old daughter, who told him if a bad thing hadn’t happened, she wouldn’t be here. And her father, she told him, has not one but two families who love him deeply.

(Adapted from www.cnn.com)

TEXT 1

The Exploration of Duolingo Application for Vocabulary Building and Pronunciation of Pre-Service Teachers

Betri Virga Erizara, Suciana Wijirahayu English Education Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Indonesia DOI: 10.37729/scripta.v11i1.5081

Abstract: Teaching and learning vocabulary and pronunciation is challenging for foreign language learning. Currently, the majority of vocabulary and pronunciation teaching in the classroom employs traditional and uninspiring approaches. Conversely, gamification-based technology in the educational environment is believed to facilitate learners’ progress and skills. This study aims to investigate the potential of gamification-based technology media, specifically Duolingo, to enhance prospective English teachers’ English vocabulary and pronunciation skills. This study employed a quantitative approach. The study was conducted at a private university in Jakarta with 72 students as participants. The results of this study indicate that most participants perceive learning a foreign language, particularly vocabulary and pronunciation, through Duolingo as relatively straightforward due to the numerous conversation exercises with diverse vocabulary. Several findings corroborate this regarding Duolingo’s facilities, which include ease of access, variety of topics and information, and a positive effect on learners’ motivation and enthusiasm for learning English. This research implies that Duolingo is an effective tool to support learners in learning foreign languages, especially vocabulary development and English pronunciation, which is easy and enjoyable.

 Read the following text to answer question

        CLIL is an abbreviation for Content and Language Integrated Learning. It is a way of teaching where subject content — such as history, science or physical education — is taught in another language (often English). We like the following definition of CLIL by Coyle, Hood and Marsh (2010, р. 1):    

         Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is a dual-focused educational approach in which another language is used for the learning and teaching of both content and language. That is, in the teaching and learning process, there is a focus not only on content, and not only on language. Each is interwoven, even if the emphasis is greater on one or the other at a given time.

 (Liz Dale, Rosie Tanner. CLIL activities:
a resource for subjects and language teachers,
 2012. Adaptado)

Text 1

Green shoppers around the world

If you want to be a responsible consumer, think about not just how much you buy, but also about what’s good for the planet. Green Shoppers United is an international non-profit organization for the promotion of responsible consumerism.

Labels

Read the labels. Some...................the ingredients that manufacturers use in products, such as cosmetics or toiletries, can damage the environment. Some ingredients are only used...................make things prettier, or more colorful, but they might also be harmful. Don’t buy things that contain substances that harm you or the world you live................... For example, research shows a potential link...................the preservatives called parabens, often found in beauty products, and some types of cancer. 

Transport

In today’s global economy, it is easier for companies to buy products and materials where they’re cheap, and transport them over enormous distances to get them to customers. If you can, buy things locally. The local food movement has grown steadily in recent years, and it’s often possible to track down locally grown, or produced, products, rather than those that have been transported long distances. If we stop buying goods that have had to fly over continents to get to us, companies may stop transporting them around unnecessarily. A bargain may cost you less personally, but the real price we pay for it in the long run may turn out to be too high, as jet fuel continues to pollute our environment. 

Environment 

Responsible consumers recycle to reduce waste, and its negative impact on our environment. A lot of the plastic packaging we use for food and drink is recyclable, but not all of it. The most common packaging materials are still non-recyclable polyethylene and PVC. Seventy million tons are used every year. Look at the recycling labels carefully. Manufacturers should use recyclable plastics, like PET, wherever possible. Some have also begun using lighter materials, for example, 30% lighter PET plastic for drinks bottles, to reduce the amount of plastic waste. Transporting lighter materials is cheaper, and uses less fuel, too – so the solution may actually benefit everyone. 

Packaging

We’ve all purchased products wrapped in foil, then sealed in a bag, and then put in a box. Why? Write to companies that you think produce wasteful packaging. Ask them to think about what’s really necessary. Make them realize they can save money by using less packaging and, at the same time, help save our planet.

Consumers

A lot of us expect products these days to be more environmentally friendly. However, research has shown that we don’t want to pay more, and we don’t want to compromise on the quality of products, either. For example, one manufacturer recently had to switch back to less environmental packaging of potato chips, just because customers didn’t like the noise their “green” bags made when they were opened! Think about the effects of your shopping choices. Buy less to save the world, and join our effort to make shopping greener!

Read text I to answer the question.

TEXT I

Teachers in the Movement: Pedagogy, Activism, and Freedom 

        In this year's Presidential Address, historian Derrick P. Alridge __________ his current research project, Teachers in the Movement: Pedagogy, Activism, and Freedom. The project builds on recent literature about teachers as activists be tween 1950 and 1980 and explores how and what secondary and postsecondary teachers taught. Focusing on teachers in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, the project investigates teachers' roles as agents of social change through teaching the ideals of freedom during the most significant social movement in the United States in the twentieth century. Drawing on oral history and archival research, the project plans to produce five hundred videotaped interviews that will generate extensive firsthand knowledge and fresh perspectives about teachers in the civil rights move ment. By examining teachers' pedagogical activism during this period of rapid social change, Alridge hopes to inspire and inform educators teaching in the midst of today's freedom and social justice movements. 

(Disponível em: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1255911)