Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre vocabulário | vocabulary em inglês

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Q2006063 Inglês

Education


Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

The underlined word in ”Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education.” has its correct meaning, in which alternative?
Alternativas
Q2006062 Inglês

Education


Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

Read the sentence below.


“The real life integration of language ........................... provides the teacher with a great deal of flexibility in ........................... motivated ............................”


Choose the alternative that correctly completes the blank spaces in the sentence.

Alternativas
Q2006061 Inglês

Education


Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

Choose the correct alternative about the underlined words in the sentence “Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education.”
Alternativas
Q2006059 Inglês

Education


Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

In the sentence “Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education.”, the word in bold has its correct synonym, in which alternative?
Alternativas
Q2006058 Inglês

Education


Education encompasses both the teaching and learning of knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency. It thus focuses on the cultivation of skills, trades or professions, as well as mental, moral & aesthetic development.

Formal education consists of systematic instruction, teaching and training by professional teachers. This consists of the application of pedagogy and the development of curricula

The right to education is a fundamental human right. Since 1952, Article 2 of the first Protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education. At world level, the United Nations’ International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of 1966 guarantees this right under its Article 13. 

Educational systems are established to provide education and training, often for children and the young. A curriculum defines what students should know, understand and be able to do as the result of education. A teaching profession delivers teaching which enables learning, and a system of policies, regulations, examinations, structures and funding enables teachers to teach to the best of their abilities.

Primary (or elementary) education consists of the first years of formal, structured education. In general, primary education consists of six or seven years of schooling starting at the age of 5 or 6, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, around 70% of primary-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this proportion is rising.

In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education consists of the second years of formal education that occur during adolescence. It is characterized by transition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, “post-secondary”, or “higher” education (e.g., university, vocational school) for adults.

Higher education, also called tertiary, third stage, or post secondary education, is the non-compulsory educational level that follows the completion of a school providing a secondary education, such as a high school or secondary school. Tertiary education is normally taken to include undergraduate and postgraduate education, as well as vocational education and training. Colleges and universities are the main institutions that provide tertiary education. Collectively, these are sometimes known as tertiary institutions. Tertiary education generally results in the receipt of certificates, diplomas, or academic degrees. 

The word in bold, in the sentence “…obliges all signatory parties to guarantee the right to education.”, has its correct meaning in which alternative? 
Alternativas
Q2003705 Inglês
The idiomatic expression that refers to something that is difficult to believe is: 
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Q2003702 Inglês
In the sentence "She decide to go to UK for her higher studies", the underlined term means: 
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Q1888934 Inglês
Text for the item.

UNESCO World Heritage Sites

   World Heritage Sites are locations deemed to be of cultural or historical benefit for humanity by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). By including sites on its World Heritage list, UNESCO hopes to ensure their continued preservation.
    The criteria for inclusion in the list cover a range of possible categories: 

 Many World Heritage Sites are locations that have played a major role in the world’s cultures or civilizations. Some of them may in fact be the last remnants of a people who have since disappeared.
 UNESCO also celebrates sites that represent key periods in human history, such as innovations in town planning or technological breakthroughs.
 Places may be included as examples of individual genius. This may be a building of prime architectural importance or a location connected with the creation of a major work of art.
 Not all sites are man-made, however. They could be an area of outstanding natural beauty, or geological significance, for example, as the site of a fossil discovery.
 One further objective is to celebrate biodiversity. A site may play a vital role in the development of an existing ecosystem. Those which provide habitats for endangered species are particularly strong candidates for inclusion in the UNESCO list. 
Based on the text, judge the item.

“deemed” (1st paragraph) means dismissed.
Alternativas
Q1876129 Inglês
The word "engaged" cannot mean: 
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Q1876120 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


BIG CAT ATTACK


(1º§) Farmer Pedro Vaz Ferreira was out hunting on Saturday with his two sons in the rural area of Portel, Brazil when he was savaged by the big cat.

(2º§) The feline's brutal attack left the 67-year-old in a serious state of health - as he reportedly suffered a partially disfigured face, some broken cheek bones and went blind in one eye.

(3º§) His two sons, Davi, 32, and 25-year-old Josue witnessed as the elderly man and animal even tussled for a few minutes. Davi told the news outlet O Liberal: "The three of us were in the forest, but it just attacked him. "The most serious wound is on his face. It broke the bones in his face, his nose, it blinded him. "He lost his vision instantly. It pierced his eye with its nail." Shortly after the attack, one of Mr Ferreira's sons reportedly killed the jaguar with a machete.

(4º§) Mr Ferreira's relatives took him by speedboat to the Hospital Wilson da Mota Silveira in Portel. He remained there in a serious condition until Monday, when he was transferred to a larger hospital in Ananindeua - 200km away.

(5º§) Jaguar attacks are considered rare in Brazil, as experts have cited them as the least likely of all big cats to kill and eat humans.

(6º§) Recently, another Brazilian was attacked by an alligator - but managed to make a lucky escape with only a bite on his arm. The daredevil had decided to go for a swim in a popular tourist destination, the Lago do Amor in Campo Grande - ignoring warning signs that a lake was infested with the predators.

(7º§) In July, another Brazilian's fate was not so fortunate as he was mauled to death by a shark after walking into the sea to pee. The victim had reportedly been drinking with friends before he entered the water and was fatally bitten by the vicious animal.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/16682980/elderly-man-killed-by-jaguar-brazil/
When we say that some animal are mauled (7º§), we are saying that:
Alternativas
Q1860931 Inglês
Atenção: Para responder à questão, baseia-se no texto abaixo.


Mobile Devices and Apps for Health Care Professionals: Uses and Benefits

C. Lee Ventola


     The use of mobile devices by health care professionals (HCPs) has transformed many aspects of clinical practice. Mobile devices have become commonplace in health care settings, leading to rapid growth in the development of medical software applications (apps) for these platforms. Numerous apps are now available to assist HCPs with many important tasks, such as: information and time management; health record maintenance and access; communications and consulting; reference and information gathering; patient management and monitoring; clinical decision-making; and medical education and training.
     Mobile devices and apps provide many benefits for health care professionals (HCPs), perhaps most significantly increased access to point-of-care tools, which has been shown to support better clinical decision-making and improved patient outcomes. However, some HCPs remain reluctant to adopt their use. Despite the benefits they offer, better standards and validation practices regarding mobile medical apps need to be established to ensure the proper use and integration of these increasingly sophisticated tools into medical practice. These measures will raise the barrier for entry into the medical app market, increasing the quality and safety of the apps currently available for use by HCPs.
(Adapted from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)  
No trecho However, some HCPs remain reluctant to adopt their use, a conjunção However pode ser substituída, sem alteração de sentido, por 
Alternativas
Q1855674 Inglês
Taking into account the following text, judge the subsequent item.

Perspectives on modern data analytics

By Eric Knorr - Editor in Chief, CIO | APR 12, 2021 3:00 AM PDT

Some things don't change, even during a pandemic. Consistent with previous years, in CIO’s 2021 State of the CIO survey, a plurality of the 1,062 IT leaders surveyed chose “data/business analytics” as the No.1 tech initiative expected to drive IT investment.
Unfortunately, analytics initiatives seldom do nearly as well when it comes to stakeholder satisfaction.
Last year, CIO contributor Mary K. Pratt offered an excellent analysis of why data analytics initiatives still fail, including poor-quality or siloed data, vague rather than targeted business objectives, and clunky one-size-fits-all feature sets. But a number of fresh approaches and technologies are making these pratfalls less likely.
(...)
New technology invariably incurs new risks. No advancement has had more momentous impact on analytics than machine learning – from automating data prep to detecting meaningful patterns in data – but it also adds an unforeseen hazard. As CSO Senior Writer Lucian Constantin explains in "How data poisoning attacks corrupt machine learning models," deliberately skewed data injected by malicious hackers can tilt models toward some nefarious goal. The result could be, say, manipulated product recommendations, or even the ability for hackers to infer confidential underlying data.
(...)
In the end, the secret to successful analytics is not in choosing and implementing the perfect technology, but in cultivating a broad understanding that pervasive analytics yields better decisions and superior outcomes. Usually, you can iron out technology kinks or requirements misunderstandings. But if you can't change the mindset, few will use the beautiful analytics machine you just built.

Disponível em: https://www.cio.com/article/3614692/5-perspectiveson-modern-data-analytics.html.
Acesso em: 15 out. 2021. 
The adjective “pervasive” in pervasive analytics could be replaced by the adjective “extensive” without a change in meaning in the aforementioned context.
Alternativas
Q1854090 Inglês
    The history of language study illustrates widely divergent attitudes concerning the relationship between writing and speech. Written language was the medium of literature, and, thus, a source of standards of linguistic excellence. It was felt to provide language with permanence and authority. The rules of grammar were, accordingly, illustrated exclusively from written texts.
    The everyday spoken language, by contrast, was ignored or condemned as an object unworthy of study, demonstrating only lack of care and organization. It was said to have no rules, and speakers were left under the illusion that, in order to “speak properly”, it was necessary to follow the “correct” norms, as laid down in the recognized grammar books and manuals of written style.
    There was sporadic criticism of this viewpoint throughout the 19th century, but it was not until the 20th century that an alternative approach became widespread. This approach pointed out that speech is many thousands of years older than writing; that it develops naturally in children (whereas writing has to be artificially taught); and that writing systems are derivative — mostly based on sounds of speech.

D. Crystal. How Language Works. London: Penguin Books, 2006 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.


The word “thus” (first paragraph) could be correctly replaced with hitherto.

Alternativas
Q1854088 Inglês
    Whatever training is given there should always be a permanent concern about the naturalness and spontaneity of everyday speech rather than an artificial sound production for the sake of preserving a “correct” pronunciation.
    This is, in fact, a crucial issue, since if too much care is demanded from the student, this may turn out to be an undesirable blockage to another more important factor, namely, fluency. Perhaps, and even worse, if over-careful pronunciation habits are developed, this will certainly cause difficulties for the oral comprehension, as the students will expect to hear sounds, words and utterances the way they personally produce them.

G.A. Chauvet. Improve Your Pronunciation. Brasília:
Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2005 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item. 


The expression “for the sake of” (first paragraph) means for the purpose of.

Alternativas
Q1854087 Inglês
    Whatever training is given there should always be a permanent concern about the naturalness and spontaneity of everyday speech rather than an artificial sound production for the sake of preserving a “correct” pronunciation.
    This is, in fact, a crucial issue, since if too much care is demanded from the student, this may turn out to be an undesirable blockage to another more important factor, namely, fluency. Perhaps, and even worse, if over-careful pronunciation habits are developed, this will certainly cause difficulties for the oral comprehension, as the students will expect to hear sounds, words and utterances the way they personally produce them.

G.A. Chauvet. Improve Your Pronunciation. Brasília:
Editora Universidade de Brasília, 2005 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.


In the fragment “as the students will expect to hear sounds, words and utterances the way they personally produce them” (second paragraph), the word “as” is a linking particle expressing consequence.

Alternativas
Q1854081 Inglês
    Teachers sometimes assume that more outgoing learners will be able to learn pronunciation better than shyer students, and there may be some truth to this. Confident students might speak more and be more willing to try new sounds, and this extra practice could help them improve their pronunciation. However, this improvement is certainly not guaranteed. Some outgoing students may be producing a lot of language, but they may also be jumping ahead without paying attention to the accuracy of their pronunciation. If listeners are impressed by their fluency and accept their imperfect pronunciation, they have no way to know that they need to improve.
    Some more introverted students might actually be thinking carefully about sounds and practicing “within themselves,” even if they don’t speak much in class. Don’t underestimate the quiet students. Appreciate the strengths and possibilities of all your students and encourage everyone. All students can learn and improve in their own way.
    Another aspect of personality that can affect pronunciation is the degree to which a person is willing or able to change the way they sound. Most of us have been speaking and listening to language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk. Our voice and our pronunciation are a central part of the way we see ourselves. It can be uncomfortable, and possibly even frightening, to try out unfamiliar sounds and melodies of language. For some people this process seems like a small bump on the road, but for others, it’s a serious roadblock. 

M.T. Yoshida. Beyond Repeat After Me: Teaching Pronunciation to
English Learners. Alexandria: TESOL Press, 2016 (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


In the sentence “Most of us have been speaking and listening to language in the same, familiar way since we learned to talk” (third paragraph), the word “since” could be correctly replaced with as long as.

Alternativas
Q1854076 Inglês
    The role of pronunciation in non-native language teaching has been in a state of constant change. In the earlier approaches, foreign language pronunciation was either the result of exposure to the target language or of approaches which used complex sets of drills and repetitions. As suggested, to a large extent, the importance of pronunciation has always been determined by ideology and intuition rather than by research. Teachers have intuitively decided which features have the greatest effect on clarity and which are learnable in a classroom setting. Saito claims that while the morphological and syntactical levels of languages are taught in contextualized meaningful exercises, pronunciation practice is decontextualized due to the use of drills and repetition.
    Pronunciation is one of the aspects of language both native and non-native teachers of English are not keen on teaching, and a lack of adequate teacher training results in an intuitive use of available materials and techniques. Setting pedagogical goals must be based on knowledge of pronunciation issues. Unqualified teachers may have misconceptions about phonological phenomena, cannot evaluate or use teaching materials accurately, and do not set realistic goals when teaching pronunciation. Furthermore, even teaching materials do not reflect the conclusions of current research, and they can be perceived as boring; however, Baker argues that teachers who complete a pronunciation course have, and apply, a wider range of pronunciation activities in their classrooms.

H. Vančová. Current Issues in Pronunciation Teaching to Non-Native Learners of English.
In: Journal of Language and Cultural Education, Vol. 7, Issue 2, 2019 (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge the following item.


The expression “keen on” (first sentence of the second paragraph) means skilled at.

Alternativas
Q1854063 Inglês

Based on the comic strip above, judge the following item.


In “Where would young people be without the sage advice of their elders?”, the word “sage” means meaningful.

Alternativas
Q1854058 Inglês
    As soon as learners step outside the classroom, they act as users of English who communicate with other speakers of English from a wide variety of linguacultural backgrounds. Given the global spread of English and the fact that the majority of users do not speak English as their mother tongue, learners are likely to be involved in interactions with other non-native speakers. These situations then bear the hallmarks of English as a lingua franca (ELF), which is “any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice, and often the only option”, according to Seidlhofer.
    Since ELF speakers represent various cultures and languages, ELF contexts of use are characterized by diversity and the subsequent unpredictability and variability of communication. Therefore, interactions where English functions as a lingua franca require active engagement in the meaning-making process by the participants.

Éva Illés and Sumru Akcan. Bringing real-life language use into EFL
classrooms. In: ELT Journal, Volume 71, Issue 1, 2017, p. 3-12 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.


In “learners are likely to be involved in interactions with other non-native speakers” (first paragraph), the phrase “are likely to be” could be correctly replaced with will probably be.

Alternativas
Q1854056 Inglês
    As soon as learners step outside the classroom, they act as users of English who communicate with other speakers of English from a wide variety of linguacultural backgrounds. Given the global spread of English and the fact that the majority of users do not speak English as their mother tongue, learners are likely to be involved in interactions with other non-native speakers. These situations then bear the hallmarks of English as a lingua franca (ELF), which is “any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice, and often the only option”, according to Seidlhofer.
    Since ELF speakers represent various cultures and languages, ELF contexts of use are characterized by diversity and the subsequent unpredictability and variability of communication. Therefore, interactions where English functions as a lingua franca require active engagement in the meaning-making process by the participants.

Éva Illés and Sumru Akcan. Bringing real-life language use into EFL
classrooms. In: ELT Journal, Volume 71, Issue 1, 2017, p. 3-12 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.


The expression to bear the hallmarks of, as used in “These situations then bear the hallmarks of English as a lingua franca” (first paragraph), means to have the typical features of.

Alternativas
Respostas
1001: E
1002: A
1003: C
1004: D
1005: B
1006: A
1007: D
1008: E
1009: D
1010: A
1011: E
1012: C
1013: E
1014: C
1015: E
1016: E
1017: E
1018: E
1019: C
1020: C