Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês

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Q3694495 Inglês
Read the text 2 and answer question


Text 2


The concept of World Englishes highlights the diversification of English into different and locally grounded varieties. Rather than being seen as mere deviations from a single “standard,” forms such as Indian English or Nigerian English show how English adapts to sociolinguistic contexts shaped by multilingualism and postcolonial histories. These localized varieties differ in vocabulary, pronunciation, pragmatics, and even grammar, yet remain systematic and rule-governed. Recognizing this reality questions the idea of a single, uniform English and reframes the language as having multiple centers of influence. For teaching, this means that instead of promoting only one model, English education should engage critically with linguistic diversity and with the social and cultural values attached to different varieties.


Source: Kachru, Braj B., Kachru, Yamuna, Nelson, Cecil L. The Handbook of World Englishes. Australia: Blackwell Publishin. 2006. (Adapted)
In line with the text, the notion of World Englishes primarily challenges:
Alternativas
Q3694494 Inglês
Read the text 1 to answer question.


Text 1


How Scammers Exploit Variations of Your Logins


The first you know about it is when a scammer accesses one of your accounts. You've been careful with your details, but you've made a mistake: recycling part of your password. Reusing the same word, even if altered with numbers or symbols, gives criminals an open door.


An ethical “white hat” hacker named Brandyn Murtagh says information obtained through data breaches on sites such as DropBox and Tumblr and through cyber-attacks has been circulating on the internet for some time. Using this info, criminals try to log into other websites using the exact hacked passwords—a practice called credential stuffing. But in some cases they do not just try the exact passwords from the hacked data: as well as credential stuffing, the fraudsters also attempt to access accounts with derivations of the hacked password. For example, if your password was “Guardian,” they might automatically try “Guardian1” or “Guardian!”. According to Virgin Media O2, four out of five people use the same or similar passwords, making this a major vulnerability.


What the scam looks like. The criminals use scripts – automated sets of instructions for the computer – to go through variations of the passwords in an attempt to access other accounts. This can happen on an industrial scale, says Murtagh. “It's very rare that you are targeted as an individual – you are [usually] in a group of thousands of people that are getting targeted. These processes scale just like they would in business,” he says. You might be alerted by messages saying that you have been trying to change your email address or other details connected to an account.


To protect yourself, Murtagh recommends three key steps:


1. Change variations: Immediately change any passwords that use the same root word, starting with your most important accounts: banking, email, work, and mobile.

2. Use password managers: These tools, often built into web browsers, can suggest and save complex, unique passwords.

3. Enable 2FA/MFA: Two- or multi-factor authentication adds a second login step, making it much harder for a scammer to get in.


Source: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/sep/14/password1-scammers-logins-two-step-verification-hackers Accessed on: 09.17.2025 (Adapted)
Based on the provided text, which of the following practices is considered a proactive measure for enhancing digital security?
Alternativas
Q3694493 Inglês
Read the text 1 to answer question.


Text 1


How Scammers Exploit Variations of Your Logins


The first you know about it is when a scammer accesses one of your accounts. You've been careful with your details, but you've made a mistake: recycling part of your password. Reusing the same word, even if altered with numbers or symbols, gives criminals an open door.


An ethical “white hat” hacker named Brandyn Murtagh says information obtained through data breaches on sites such as DropBox and Tumblr and through cyber-attacks has been circulating on the internet for some time. Using this info, criminals try to log into other websites using the exact hacked passwords—a practice called credential stuffing. But in some cases they do not just try the exact passwords from the hacked data: as well as credential stuffing, the fraudsters also attempt to access accounts with derivations of the hacked password. For example, if your password was “Guardian,” they might automatically try “Guardian1” or “Guardian!”. According to Virgin Media O2, four out of five people use the same or similar passwords, making this a major vulnerability.


What the scam looks like. The criminals use scripts – automated sets of instructions for the computer – to go through variations of the passwords in an attempt to access other accounts. This can happen on an industrial scale, says Murtagh. “It's very rare that you are targeted as an individual – you are [usually] in a group of thousands of people that are getting targeted. These processes scale just like they would in business,” he says. You might be alerted by messages saying that you have been trying to change your email address or other details connected to an account.


To protect yourself, Murtagh recommends three key steps:


1. Change variations: Immediately change any passwords that use the same root word, starting with your most important accounts: banking, email, work, and mobile.

2. Use password managers: These tools, often built into web browsers, can suggest and save complex, unique passwords.

3. Enable 2FA/MFA: Two- or multi-factor authentication adds a second login step, making it much harder for a scammer to get in.


Source: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/sep/14/password1-scammers-logins-two-step-verification-hackers Accessed on: 09.17.2025 (Adapted)
What is the difference between “credential stuffing” and how fraudsters exploit “derivations” to gain access?
Alternativas
Q3694492 Inglês
Read the text 1 to answer question.


Text 1


How Scammers Exploit Variations of Your Logins


The first you know about it is when a scammer accesses one of your accounts. You've been careful with your details, but you've made a mistake: recycling part of your password. Reusing the same word, even if altered with numbers or symbols, gives criminals an open door.


An ethical “white hat” hacker named Brandyn Murtagh says information obtained through data breaches on sites such as DropBox and Tumblr and through cyber-attacks has been circulating on the internet for some time. Using this info, criminals try to log into other websites using the exact hacked passwords—a practice called credential stuffing. But in some cases they do not just try the exact passwords from the hacked data: as well as credential stuffing, the fraudsters also attempt to access accounts with derivations of the hacked password. For example, if your password was “Guardian,” they might automatically try “Guardian1” or “Guardian!”. According to Virgin Media O2, four out of five people use the same or similar passwords, making this a major vulnerability.


What the scam looks like. The criminals use scripts – automated sets of instructions for the computer – to go through variations of the passwords in an attempt to access other accounts. This can happen on an industrial scale, says Murtagh. “It's very rare that you are targeted as an individual – you are [usually] in a group of thousands of people that are getting targeted. These processes scale just like they would in business,” he says. You might be alerted by messages saying that you have been trying to change your email address or other details connected to an account.


To protect yourself, Murtagh recommends three key steps:


1. Change variations: Immediately change any passwords that use the same root word, starting with your most important accounts: banking, email, work, and mobile.

2. Use password managers: These tools, often built into web browsers, can suggest and save complex, unique passwords.

3. Enable 2FA/MFA: Two- or multi-factor authentication adds a second login step, making it much harder for a scammer to get in.


Source: https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/sep/14/password1-scammers-logins-two-step-verification-hackers Accessed on: 09.17.2025 (Adapted)
According to the text, what is the CORRECT definition to “ derivation” of a password in the context of a scam?
Alternativas
Q3693819 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

Which of the alternatives below presents a superlative structure like in “one of the most astonishing in the history of aviation”?
Alternativas
Q3693818 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

The sentence “Co-pilot Alistair Atcheson probably would have been sucked out of the plane too if he hadn’t been still wearing his safety harness from take-off.” is an example of the third conditional. Which of the alternatives below best describes the use of the third conditional?
Alternativas
Q3693817 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

The use of the highlighted expression “against all odds” (l. 32) means the pilot’s survival after the accident was:
Alternativas
Q3693816 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

Which of the questions below is NOT answered by the article? 
Alternativas
Q3693815 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

Analyze the statements below about the pilot:

I. He has few memories of being outside the airplane.
II. Tim Lancaster sustained nearly fatal injuries.
III. He retired immediately after the accident.

Which ones are correct?
Alternativas
Q3693814 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

According to the text, analyze the statements below and mark T, if true, or F, if false.

( ) Tim Lancaster was wearing a seatbelt.
( ) They had been flying for 20 minutes when the accident happened.
( ) The pilot was forced out of the aircraft because of the sudden decompression of the cockpit.
( ) The flight attendant who held the pilot said the pilot felt much heavier due to the pressure.

The correct order of filling in the parentheses, from top to bottom, is: 
Alternativas
Q3693813 Inglês

A British Airways Pilot Was Sucked Out of An Airplane


Natalie Musumenci



(Available at: https://www.businessinsider.com/british-airways-pilot-sucked-out-plane-mid-flight-survived2024-1 – text specially adapted for this test).

*Windscreen panel: it is the glass window at the front of the plane through which the pilots look.

*Cockpit: the front part of the plane where the pilot sits.

(Available at: www.collinsdictionary.com).

What happened to pilot Tim Lancaster during British Airways Flight 5390? 
Alternativas
Q3693652 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

In the sentence “the find is ‘gobsmacking—a dinosaur ribcage sticking out of somebody’s garden…’” (l. 28-29), the word in bold “gobsmacking” is closest in meaning to: 
Alternativas
Q3693651 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

The word in bold “record” in “has an important fossil record of Late Jurassic vertebrates” (l. 15-16) can be translated into Portuguese as:
Alternativas
Q3693650 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

The underlined words in the first paragraph refer to, respectively:
Alternativas
Q3693649 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

The use of the present perfect in the excerpt “So far, an ‘important set of elements of the axial skeleton’ has been collected” (l. 06) indicates that the excavation is:
Alternativas
Q3693648 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

Analyze the statements below about the fossil excavations:

I. The region in Portugal where the bones were found is famous for other important discoveries of Jurassic vertebrates.
II. The researchers were surprised by the position and the preservation of the fossil.
III. Scientists expect to encounter more bones and plan to continue the excavations.

Which ones are correct?
Alternativas
Q3693647 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

According to the text, analyze the statements below and mark T, if true, or F, if false.

( ) The entire fossil is 10 feet long.
( ) The fossil probably belongs to a herbivore type of dinosaur.
( ) The Brachiosauridae family is part of the group of dinosaurs that includes the largest land creatures on Earth.

The correct order of filling in the parentheses, from top to bottom, is: 
Alternativas
Q3693646 Inglês

Portuguese Man Accidentally Finds 82-Foot-Long Dinosaur in His Backyard


By Margaret Osborne



 (Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/portuguese-man-accidentally-finds-82-foot-longdinosaur-in-his-backyard-180980672/ – text specially adapted for this test).

Mark the correct statement about the article.
Alternativas
Q3691484 Inglês

Text II: 


The Future of the Planet 



    Our planet is facing serious environmental problems. Climate change is causing extreme weather, ice is melting in the polar regions, and many species are disappearing. Governments and individuals must work together to reduce pollution and protect natural resources. Renewable energy, recycling, and education are key to building a sustainable future. The choices we make today will determine the world we live in tomorrow.


(Fonte: Linguapress – texto autêntico adaptado para uso educacional) 

The word sustainable is closest in meaning to: 
Alternativas
Q3691483 Inglês

Text II: 


The Future of the Planet 



    Our planet is facing serious environmental problems. Climate change is causing extreme weather, ice is melting in the polar regions, and many species are disappearing. Governments and individuals must work together to reduce pollution and protect natural resources. Renewable energy, recycling, and education are key to building a sustainable future. The choices we make today will determine the world we live in tomorrow.


(Fonte: Linguapress – texto autêntico adaptado para uso educacional) 

According to the text, what are “key to building a sustainable future”?
Alternativas
Respostas
3121: C
3122: C
3123: D
3124: A
3125: E
3126: B
3127: D
3128: E
3129: A
3130: A
3131: C
3132: D
3133: C
3134: A
3135: B
3136: E
3137: C
3138: A
3139: C
3140: C