Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre inglês
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Water, Water Everywhere
Approximately 70 percent of our planet is covered in water. In total, that’s approximately 1,260 million trillion liters, which sounds like an enormous amount, but less than one percent of it can easily be used as drinking water. A major amount, 97 percent, is salt water, and two percent is glacier ice. Scientists and politicians are becoming increasingly worried about the amount of water, and predict that there will be wars in the future to control our water supplies.
The world’s population is growing rapidly, and the need for water in industry and agriculture is enormous. Climate change also adds to the problem: droughts restrict access to water even further, and flooding can pollute supplies of drinking water. Furthermore, these threats to our environment are probably only going to get worse. Already 1.2 billion people live in areas with limited access to water, and the UN predicts that, by 2025, this figure will rise to 1.8 billion, or two thirds of the world’s population.
But the problem isn’t only how much water we need, it’s also how we clean and store it. In the US, for example, water facilities are old and inefficient, and it’s hugely expensive to improve them. In China, the government knows it will need to spend $850 billion to improve its water infrastructure. Currently, India can only clean about 30 percent of its wastewater, meaning that people risk disease when they drink from polluted sources. Some countries filter sea water to make their drinking water. But this process is also very expensive, so it isn’t viable in many countries.
We can’t give up on this problem, however, because without water we can’t survive. Thankfully, there are already some excellent water purification products operating on a small scale, which are already helping people whose access to water is limited.
The “Slingshot” is a new water purifier, about the size of a small refrigerator, and is the creation of American inventor Dean Kamen. The purifier works by heating the water, which kills anything harmful. It can purify even the dirtiest water, requires minimal electricity, and can clean up to 1,000 liters a day. The “Slingshot” is already helping communities in several countries, including South Africa and Mexico. It will soon provide a cheap and safe supply of water in many other places where poverty prevents access to clean water.
Dean Kamen believes that every human should
have the right to clean water every day. Hopefully,
with more devices like the “Slingshot”, there will soon
be more water to go around.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
A young girl arriving in New York from a small town in Mississippi will embrace New York with the intense excitement of first love, even though she will now suffer the indignity of being observed by her neighbors.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
The influx of people from other places is eroding New York’s unique character.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
While Native Americans gave New York solidity and continuity, European settlers gave it passion.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
Loneliness and privacy are unambiguously valuable gifts.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
The fragment “sanctuary or fulfillment or some greater or lesser grail” (lines 7 and 8) could be correctly replaced with refuge or satisfaction or some greater or lesser prize.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
The fragment “to dwarf the” (line 36) could be correctly replaced with that contribute to.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
The word “bestow” (line 2) could be correctly replaced with exchange.
White, E.B. (1999) Here is New York. New York:
The Little Book Room, with adaptations.
The word “largess” (line 3) could be correctly replaced with generosity.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, mark the following item as right (C) or wrong (E).
The expression “laid […] the groundwork for”
(line 44) can be correctly replaced with prepared.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text, mark the following item as right (C) or wrong (E).
The phrase “Bound to” (line 36) means “forced to keep
a promise to”.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
“Trade-offs” (line 27) means “bad deals”.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
In the passage “The United Nations should revisit its own calculations.” (line 29), the underlined word can be correctly replaced with reconsider.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
Mistranslation of a verb led Ethiopia and Italy to war.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
The word “latter” (line 7) relates to how slow the establishment of the Italian protectorate was.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
The word “former” (line 5) refers to someone who created the Treaty.
Towards a fairer distribution
Towards a fairer distribution. Available at: <www.economist.com>.
Retrieved on: Aug. 15. 2019, with adaptations.
The passage “the text didn’t read the same” (line 4) considers that the treaty had different meanings in Amharic and in Italian.
Nicolson, H. (1963) (3rd edition) Diplomacy.
Oxford: OUP, with adaptations.
With regard to lexical understanding, check the following item as right (C) or wrong (E).
In “and to render these conclusions effective” (lines 38
and 39), the underlined word means “to make”.
Nicolson, H. (1963) (3rd edition) Diplomacy.
Oxford: OUP, with adaptations.
With regard to lexical understanding, check the following item as right (C) or wrong (E).
In “their prospects of happiness.” (lines 17 and 18) the
underlined word can be correctly replaced with
chances or possibilities.
Nicolson, H. (1963) (3rd edition) Diplomacy.
Oxford: OUP, with adaptations.
With regard to lexical understanding, check the following item as right (C) or wrong (E).
In the fragment “They strain towards this objective”
(lines 15 and 16), the underlined word is synonymous
with “move”.
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