Questões de Concurso Sobre inglês
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During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data. They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example, certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat” hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
Internet:<www.scientificamerican.com>
Judge the following items according to the text above.
The text says that, in order to avoid bad press, companies
should be required by law to report having paid ransom.
During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data. They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.
As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.
Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example, certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat” hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.
Internet:<www.scientificamerican.com>
Judge the following items according to the text above.
It can be inferred from the text that ransomware is a type of
malicious software designed to block access to a computer
system until a sum of money is paid.
Nowadays, it is already possible to extract minerals without generating any waste at all.
Up to a certain extent, mining is present in our everyday lives.
In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the word “Likely” means the same as Probably.
We can infer from the text that the dam which is at serious risk of collapsing is still working and may put its workers at risk too.
It can be concluded from the text that the tailings dams which collapsed and killed many people were both located in the same state in Brazil.
The text informs that the ANM has already checked on the Xingu dam, has requested the miner to improve the structure and has also fulfilled part of the request.
Based on the information provided in the first paragraph, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) The current pandemic has hindered the development of renewable energy.
( ) Solar PV technology will be a financial nuisance to most markets.
( ) Energy economy is an issue that goes beyond national borders.
The statements are, respectively,
Consider on the text, judge the item.
The relative pronoun “which” (line 6 and line 14) can be
substituted by that. The same way that “that” (line 16)
can be substituted by which.
Consider on the text, judge the item.
In the sentence “what lies above and below it, what is
permanently attached to it” (lines 9 and 10) both
occurrences of the pronoun “it” are related to the same
noun.
Consider on the text, judge the item.
The sentence “including the right to possess, sell, lease,
and enjoy the land” (lines 11 and 12) can be correctly
rewritten as including the right of possessing, selling,
leasing, and enjoying the land without changes in the
meaning.
Consider on the text, judge the item.
In terms of meaning, the sentence “Broadly
speaking” (line 8) can be correctly replaced by Generally
speaking.
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