Questões de Concurso Sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

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Q2320143 Inglês
Text 1


Mental Health Conditions


Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness. Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including: Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, life experiences, such as trauma or abuse and family history of mental health problems.


Tips for Living Well with a Mental Health Condition


Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more. However, with early and consistent treatment—often a combination of medication and psychotherapy—it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life. Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:


• Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don’t stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor’s guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.


• Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.


• Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.


• Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.


• Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.


• Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.


• Get enough sleep. Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood and overall health. Consistently poor sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.



Available in:< https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health>
Analyze the following sentences below about the excerpt of the text 1 “Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals”.

I. The structure “there are new tools” is in the Simple Past Tense.

II. The structure “evidence-based treatments”is a nominal group connected to “social support systems that help people feel better” and the headnoun is “systems”.

III. The word “pursue” can be replace by “seek”.

IV. In the expression “that help people feel better” it refers to “social support systems”, “evidence-based treatments” and “new tools”.

Which ones are correct? 
Alternativas
Q2320142 Inglês
Text 1


Mental Health Conditions


Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness. Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including: Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, life experiences, such as trauma or abuse and family history of mental health problems.


Tips for Living Well with a Mental Health Condition


Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more. However, with early and consistent treatment—often a combination of medication and psychotherapy—it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life. Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:


• Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don’t stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor’s guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.


• Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.


• Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.


• Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.


• Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.


• Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.


• Get enough sleep. Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood and overall health. Consistently poor sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.



Available in:< https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health>
According to the text above, the alternative that best describes the comprehensive analysis of the text 1 is: 
Alternativas
Q2316901 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Proficient interpretation of texts necessitates a meticulous analysis of contextual elements. Unraveling the intricacies of the setting, cultural background, and historical context enhances readers' ability to discern implicit meanings, tones, and underlying messages within diverse written materials. 

Alternativas
Q2316876 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


A nuanced understanding of literary devices is paramount in text interpretation. Identifying and comprehending metaphors, similes, and symbolism enriches the reader's experience by revealing layers of meaning beneath the surface of the text. This skillful interpretation unveils the author's artistic choices and contributes to a deeper appreciation of the written work.

Alternativas
Q2316858 Inglês

Julgue o item subsequente. 


Central to effective text interpretation is the discernment of the author's purpose and perspective. Scrutinizing linguistic choices, tonal variations, and structural elements provides valuable insights into the author's intentions, allowing readers to engage meaningfully with the material and appreciate the text's overarching significance.

Alternativas
Q2316206 Inglês

Read Text II and answer the question that follows.



Text II



      June 15, 2023 - Debates over Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) efforts are currently thriving, including debates over the degree to which corporate diversity efforts are valuable, whether chief diversity officers can succeed, and whether corporate diversity commitments can produce lasting change.



      Over the past year, at least a dozen U.S. state legislatures have proposed or passed laws targeting DEI efforts, including laws aimed at limiting DEI roles and efforts in businesses and higher education and laws eliminating DEI spending, trainings, and statements at public institutions. Moreover, with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to address affirmative action in two cases involving the consideration of race in higher education admissions this summer, debates in the U.S. regarding DEI initiatives are likely far from over.



      At the same time, DEI-related legal requirements continue to grow in other jurisdictions, and with global financial institutions facing expanding environmental, social, and governance (ESG)- related trends and regulations in the EU and other jurisdictions, as well as global expectations regarding their role in ESG, including DEI-related corporate developments and initiatives, these matters are likely to continue to work their way into capital allocations and the costs of doing business, as well as into the expectations of certain stakeholders.



      This widening gap between global expectations and regulation regarding DEI-related matters and the concerns of some constituents in the U.S. over the role of DEI in corporate decision-making is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future, putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place.



      What these developments make clear is that corporate DEI efforts are, and likely have been for some time, riskier than many companies may initially appreciate. And the risks associated with DEI initiatives are only positioned to grow and expand as companies look to thread the DEI needle and make a broader and potentially more divergent set of stakeholders happy, or at least less annoyed, with their DEI-related commitments and initiatives. In this article, we discuss the top four legal risks that companies often fail to address in their DEI efforts.



[…]



(From https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/diversity-matters-four-scarylegal-risks-hiding-your-dei-program-2023-06-15/)

The sentence “Putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place” (4th paragraph) indicates that the companies may be in a
Alternativas
Q2316205 Inglês

Read Text II and answer the question that follows.



Text II



      June 15, 2023 - Debates over Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) efforts are currently thriving, including debates over the degree to which corporate diversity efforts are valuable, whether chief diversity officers can succeed, and whether corporate diversity commitments can produce lasting change.



      Over the past year, at least a dozen U.S. state legislatures have proposed or passed laws targeting DEI efforts, including laws aimed at limiting DEI roles and efforts in businesses and higher education and laws eliminating DEI spending, trainings, and statements at public institutions. Moreover, with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to address affirmative action in two cases involving the consideration of race in higher education admissions this summer, debates in the U.S. regarding DEI initiatives are likely far from over.



      At the same time, DEI-related legal requirements continue to grow in other jurisdictions, and with global financial institutions facing expanding environmental, social, and governance (ESG)- related trends and regulations in the EU and other jurisdictions, as well as global expectations regarding their role in ESG, including DEI-related corporate developments and initiatives, these matters are likely to continue to work their way into capital allocations and the costs of doing business, as well as into the expectations of certain stakeholders.



      This widening gap between global expectations and regulation regarding DEI-related matters and the concerns of some constituents in the U.S. over the role of DEI in corporate decision-making is likely to continue growing for the foreseeable future, putting companies between the proverbial rock and hard place.



      What these developments make clear is that corporate DEI efforts are, and likely have been for some time, riskier than many companies may initially appreciate. And the risks associated with DEI initiatives are only positioned to grow and expand as companies look to thread the DEI needle and make a broader and potentially more divergent set of stakeholders happy, or at least less annoyed, with their DEI-related commitments and initiatives. In this article, we discuss the top four legal risks that companies often fail to address in their DEI efforts.



[…]



(From https://www.reuters.com/legal/legalindustry/diversity-matters-four-scarylegal-risks-hiding-your-dei-program-2023-06-15/)

The word “poised” in “with the U.S. Supreme Court poised to address affirmative action” (2nd paragraph) is equivalent to
Alternativas
Q2316203 Inglês
Read Text I and answer the question that follows.


Text I


‘It’s dangerous work’: new generation of Indigenous

activists battle to save the Amazon


      The medicine man flashed a mischievous grin as he dabbed his warriors’ eyeballs with a feather soaked in malagueta pepper and watched them grimace in pain. “They’re going into battle and this will protect them,” José Delfonso Pereira said as he advanced on his next target with a jam jar of his chilli potion.


      “It hurts and it burns,” the Macuxi shaman admitted. “But it will help them see more clearly and stop them falling ill.”


      It was a crisp August morning and a dozen members of an Indigenous self-defence team had assembled in the hillside village of Tabatinga to receive Pereira’s blessing before launching their latest mission into one of the Amazon’s most secluded corners, near Brazil’s border with Guyana and Venezuela.


      Some of the men clutched bloodwood truncheons as they prepared to journey down the Maú River in search of illegal miners; others held bows and arrows adorned with the black feathers of curassow birds. Marco Antônio Silva Batista carried a drone.


      “If I die, it will be for a good cause – ensuring our territory is preserved for future generations,” said the 20-year-old activistjournalist, whose ability to spy on environmental criminals from above has made him a key member of GPVTI, an Indigenous patrol group in the Brazilian state of Roraima.


      Batista, who belongs to South America’s Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon’s most inaccessible and under-reported corners.


      “It’s dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we’re out in the field,” said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil’s second most populous Indigenous territory. “But it really gives me strength because I’m showing the reality of our lives to the world.” (…)


(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/03/its-

dangerous-work-new-generation-of-indigenous-activists-battle-to-save-the-amazon)

When the men “clutched bloodwood truncheons” (4th paragraph), they
Alternativas
Q2316202 Inglês
Read Text I and answer the question that follows.


Text I


‘It’s dangerous work’: new generation of Indigenous

activists battle to save the Amazon


      The medicine man flashed a mischievous grin as he dabbed his warriors’ eyeballs with a feather soaked in malagueta pepper and watched them grimace in pain. “They’re going into battle and this will protect them,” José Delfonso Pereira said as he advanced on his next target with a jam jar of his chilli potion.


      “It hurts and it burns,” the Macuxi shaman admitted. “But it will help them see more clearly and stop them falling ill.”


      It was a crisp August morning and a dozen members of an Indigenous self-defence team had assembled in the hillside village of Tabatinga to receive Pereira’s blessing before launching their latest mission into one of the Amazon’s most secluded corners, near Brazil’s border with Guyana and Venezuela.


      Some of the men clutched bloodwood truncheons as they prepared to journey down the Maú River in search of illegal miners; others held bows and arrows adorned with the black feathers of curassow birds. Marco Antônio Silva Batista carried a drone.


      “If I die, it will be for a good cause – ensuring our territory is preserved for future generations,” said the 20-year-old activistjournalist, whose ability to spy on environmental criminals from above has made him a key member of GPVTI, an Indigenous patrol group in the Brazilian state of Roraima.


      Batista, who belongs to South America’s Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon’s most inaccessible and under-reported corners.


      “It’s dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we’re out in the field,” said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil’s second most populous Indigenous territory. “But it really gives me strength because I’m showing the reality of our lives to the world.” (…)


(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/03/its-

dangerous-work-new-generation-of-indigenous-activists-battle-to-save-the-amazon)

The two first sentences in the 4th paragraph indicate the men anticipate a(n)
Alternativas
Q2316201 Inglês
Read Text I and answer the question that follows.


Text I


‘It’s dangerous work’: new generation of Indigenous

activists battle to save the Amazon


      The medicine man flashed a mischievous grin as he dabbed his warriors’ eyeballs with a feather soaked in malagueta pepper and watched them grimace in pain. “They’re going into battle and this will protect them,” José Delfonso Pereira said as he advanced on his next target with a jam jar of his chilli potion.


      “It hurts and it burns,” the Macuxi shaman admitted. “But it will help them see more clearly and stop them falling ill.”


      It was a crisp August morning and a dozen members of an Indigenous self-defence team had assembled in the hillside village of Tabatinga to receive Pereira’s blessing before launching their latest mission into one of the Amazon’s most secluded corners, near Brazil’s border with Guyana and Venezuela.


      Some of the men clutched bloodwood truncheons as they prepared to journey down the Maú River in search of illegal miners; others held bows and arrows adorned with the black feathers of curassow birds. Marco Antônio Silva Batista carried a drone.


      “If I die, it will be for a good cause – ensuring our territory is preserved for future generations,” said the 20-year-old activistjournalist, whose ability to spy on environmental criminals from above has made him a key member of GPVTI, an Indigenous patrol group in the Brazilian state of Roraima.


      Batista, who belongs to South America’s Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon’s most inaccessible and under-reported corners.


      “It’s dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we’re out in the field,” said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil’s second most populous Indigenous territory. “But it really gives me strength because I’m showing the reality of our lives to the world.” (…)


(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/03/its-

dangerous-work-new-generation-of-indigenous-activists-battle-to-save-the-amazon)

In the 3rd paragraph, the August morning is described as being
Alternativas
Q2316197 Inglês
Read Text I and answer the question that follows.


Text I


‘It’s dangerous work’: new generation of Indigenous

activists battle to save the Amazon


      The medicine man flashed a mischievous grin as he dabbed his warriors’ eyeballs with a feather soaked in malagueta pepper and watched them grimace in pain. “They’re going into battle and this will protect them,” José Delfonso Pereira said as he advanced on his next target with a jam jar of his chilli potion.


      “It hurts and it burns,” the Macuxi shaman admitted. “But it will help them see more clearly and stop them falling ill.”


      It was a crisp August morning and a dozen members of an Indigenous self-defence team had assembled in the hillside village of Tabatinga to receive Pereira’s blessing before launching their latest mission into one of the Amazon’s most secluded corners, near Brazil’s border with Guyana and Venezuela.


      Some of the men clutched bloodwood truncheons as they prepared to journey down the Maú River in search of illegal miners; others held bows and arrows adorned with the black feathers of curassow birds. Marco Antônio Silva Batista carried a drone.


      “If I die, it will be for a good cause – ensuring our territory is preserved for future generations,” said the 20-year-old activistjournalist, whose ability to spy on environmental criminals from above has made him a key member of GPVTI, an Indigenous patrol group in the Brazilian state of Roraima.


      Batista, who belongs to South America’s Macuxi people, is part of a new generation of Indigenous journalists helping chronicle an age-old battle against outside aggression. For centuries, non-Indigenous writers and reporters have flocked to the rainforest region to tell their version of that ancestral fight for survival. Now, a growing cohort of Indigenous communicators are telling their own stories, providing first-hand dispatches from some of the Amazon’s most inaccessible and under-reported corners.


      “It’s dangerous work and we suffer a lot when we’re out in the field,” said Batista, one of about 26,000 inhabitants of Raposa Serra do Sol, Brazil’s second most populous Indigenous territory. “But it really gives me strength because I’m showing the reality of our lives to the world.” (…)


(Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/sep/03/its-

dangerous-work-new-generation-of-indigenous-activists-battle-to-save-the-amazon)

Based on Text I, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Indigenous reporters have been currently keen on providing their eye-witness accounts.
( ) The patrollers put themselves in jeopardy when they undertake their fact-finding missions.
( ) The activist journalist mentioned is incognizant of modern surveillance technology.
The statements are, respectively
Alternativas
Q2315660 Inglês

Read the text to answer question


The Use of Emerging Technologies in Teaching English as an Applied Language


       Today’s digital age and its emerging technologies, with the latest achievements of artificial intelligence and big data processing, have unprecedently affected education processes and pedagogy, including the strategies and approaches related to foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. Present day graduates belong to Generation Z, who are known for being digitally literate, technologically savvy, and having grown up with digital tools. In addition, they are going to be soon followed by Generation Alpha, whose members are characterized as permanently connected and who are able to make their own decisions based on the use of technologies and also being able to manage their digital identities or visuals. Thus, the present day foreign language education should be technology-based since technology has become an integral part of the life of the current generation, and also, today’s language learning environment which is no longer solely constricted to the traditional or formal school learning environment. In this respect, foreign language teachers face a serious challenge in integrating different kinds of technologies into their teaching realities as they have to satisfy the learning needs of the two generations. However, in order to keep up with their digitally informed students and engage them in learning a foreign language, they must use recent technologies, such as chatbots or virtual reality. They also have to evaluate which of these technologies could generate some impact in their classes, analyze their potential, and utilize all of the benefits they bring. Moreover, they ought to assess the potential risks these technologies could pose.

          In addition, the teachers must always consider the added value of the selected tools for the students’ learning and their learning outcomes, which is not an easy task as the research into the practical utilizations of digital technologies with clear pedagogical outcomes is, surprisingly, scarce. It must not be forgotten that FL teachers should also promote not only the students’ knowledge acquisition in various learning contexts, but they should also enhance the skills that appear to be crucial for the 21st century, such as critical thinking, creativity, communication, or collaboration skills. Moreover, to be able to motivate their students to use these technologies in FL learning, they themselves must have a positive attitude to their use in FL classrooms, as well as possess the relevant subject, technological, and pedagogical knowledge.


(Available on: https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/11/1/42. Adapted.)

Having text clues as references, analyse the assertives to mark the chosen item.
I. Teachers should have total command of technological tools in order to turn their employment reliable and worthwhile.
II. Current teaching of English as an applied language is always technology grounded.
III. Generations Z and Alpha partake the feature of being digitally literate.
Alternativas
Q2315658 Inglês

Read the text to answer question


We real cool

(Gwendolyn Brooks.)

The Pool Players.

Seven at the Golden Shovel.


We real cool. We

Left school. We


Lurk late. We

Strike straight. We


Sing sin. We

Thin gin. We


Jazz June. We

Die soon.

(Available on: https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poetrymagazine/poems/28112/we-real-cool.)



“We real cool” was issued in 1960, but it reveals very contemporary aspects though, EXCEPT:

Alternativas
Q2315657 Inglês
In order to make students aware of some specific linguistic and grammar aspects, and increase lexical knowledge, a teacher presented them two groups of words to be examined and discussed.

Group 1: coal – festival – meal – litoral – petal – seal – vial – goal
Group 2: arrival – denial – refusal – burial – betrayal – approval – survival – referral

The teacher’s word choice had a didactic intention as he/she planned to ask questions aiming at guiding students’ observations and insights. Choose the item displaying the criterion that justifiesthe teacher’s word choice in both groups.
Alternativas
Q2315656 Inglês

Read the text carefully to answer question.


It is the chosen shared language spoken between individuals with different first languages, sometimes referred to as “common languages” or “link languages”, usually pre-existing languages with a colonial history, which are learned by non-native speakers as a foreign language and then used as a way to communicate with other non-native speakers. It is typically considered a functional language used as a tool for communication, meaning it is usually independent of linguistic history and culture. For the past 20 or so years, linguists have been examining the norms and features of this language, and although there is much variety in communication, some shared characteristics, particularly in terms of word choice, grammar, and pronunciation, often appear.


(Avalaible on: https://www.studysmarter)



The above explanation matches:

Alternativas
Q2315655 Inglês

Read the text to answer question.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão


There are three classes of e-bikes:


Class I – assistance when you pedal which stops when you reach 20 mph.


Class II – equipped with a throttle for a boost without pedaling, which stops assisting at 20 mph. Class I and Class II e-bikes can go anywhere you’d take a traditional bike, specifically, a flat surface like a bike path.


Class III – equipped with a speedometer and assists up to 28 mph. They are a popular choice for commuters.


There are also a few common e-bike styles, any of which may be within those three classes. Common styles include:


• Cruiser.

• Commuter.

• Mountain.

• Road.


Cruisers are great for a casual cruise around town. Commuter e-bikes are made with narrow tires and an upright design so you can comfortably get to work fast. Mountain e-bikes are for off-road adventurers. Road bikes are similar to cruisers and intended for pleasure riding on paved surfaces, but they have narrow tires and drop handlebars for fast riding. An e-bike can be used for anything you would use a regular bike for, whether you’re riding to work or having a good time. Most of the time, we see riders purchase e-bikes for one of three reasons: commuting, exercise, or recreation. From regular exercise to sensory stimulation to that feel-good factor you get from a great bike ride, there’s a lot to love about commuting to work on your bike. Studies have shown that cyclists are the happiest commuters. Small wonder, given that riding your bike to work each day lowers your risk of cardiovascular disease and certain cancers while giving you a significant cognitive function boost. E-bikes add that little extra oomph, allowing you to manage even the worst hills without batting an eye.


(Available on: https://flyridesusa.com/pages/ebike-guide-for-beginners.)




Texts types, also known as genres or text forms, refer to categories of texts with different purposes, each having a different convention of style and structure. Being so, the purpose of the featured text is to:

Alternativas
Q2315654 Inglês

Analyse the image to answer question.


Imagem associada para resolução da questão


(Available on: https://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=17405.)



Humor is the ability or situation seen, heard, or thought about causing amusement or even intended to criticize. The humor in the highlighted comic strip is built on the basis of:
Alternativas
Q2315653 Inglês

Analyse the image to answer question.



Imagem associada para resolução da questão

(Available on: https://br.pinterest.com/pin/english-teacher.)



Choose the option that answers the question: “Why is the teacher outraged?” 

Alternativas
Q2315588 Inglês

Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.


Text II 

Global plastic treaty should address chemicals 

    In March, the global community agreed to establish a legally binding treaty to end plastic pollution. To deliver on this goal, the treaty needs to cover all issues of plastics chemicals as an inseparable part of the problem.

    Plastics are complex materials consisting of chemical mixtures, including polymers, additives, residual monomers and processing aids, and non-intentionally added substances. Such mixtures release across the plastics life cycle, from feedstock extraction, production, and use, to reuse, recycling, and disposal; they also recombine along complex, unplanned pathways. As a result, humans and environments are ubiquitously exposed to plastics chemicals, often with serious consequences.

    Out of more than 10,000 known plastics chemicals, at least 2,400 are classified as toxic, such as many phthalates and brominated flame retardants. Documented health effects span generations and include premature births, low birth weight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometriosis, infertility, and cancers. In the United States alone, associated costs of endocrine-disrupting chemicals amount to USD$300 billion/year. The total burden on community, ecosystem health, and biodiversity is far greater.

    Even with material recycling, plastics chemicals ultimately proliferate in the ecosystem, whether as emissions or by entering new products, exposing waste-laborers, consumers, and frontline communities to new chemical cocktails. An effective, fair, and safe circular economy can only be achieved by phasing out toxic chemicals from plastic production. 

    As negotiations for a global treaty begin, plastics chemicals need to be front and center. However, preparatory meeting documents focus on downstream plastic waste and work from a narrow definition of chemicals as hazardous additives. To enable the treaty to fully address plastics’ ecological, health, and environmental justice problems, it is essential to redefine plastics as complex chemical mixtures and to integrate chemical issues across the life cycle within the scope and core obligations of the legal instrument.

Adapted from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf5410.

From the excerpt “humans and environments are ubiquitously exposed to plastics chemicals” (2nd paragraph), one can infer that this situation is
Alternativas
Q2315587 Inglês

Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.


Text II 

Global plastic treaty should address chemicals 

    In March, the global community agreed to establish a legally binding treaty to end plastic pollution. To deliver on this goal, the treaty needs to cover all issues of plastics chemicals as an inseparable part of the problem.

    Plastics are complex materials consisting of chemical mixtures, including polymers, additives, residual monomers and processing aids, and non-intentionally added substances. Such mixtures release across the plastics life cycle, from feedstock extraction, production, and use, to reuse, recycling, and disposal; they also recombine along complex, unplanned pathways. As a result, humans and environments are ubiquitously exposed to plastics chemicals, often with serious consequences.

    Out of more than 10,000 known plastics chemicals, at least 2,400 are classified as toxic, such as many phthalates and brominated flame retardants. Documented health effects span generations and include premature births, low birth weight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometriosis, infertility, and cancers. In the United States alone, associated costs of endocrine-disrupting chemicals amount to USD$300 billion/year. The total burden on community, ecosystem health, and biodiversity is far greater.

    Even with material recycling, plastics chemicals ultimately proliferate in the ecosystem, whether as emissions or by entering new products, exposing waste-laborers, consumers, and frontline communities to new chemical cocktails. An effective, fair, and safe circular economy can only be achieved by phasing out toxic chemicals from plastic production. 

    As negotiations for a global treaty begin, plastics chemicals need to be front and center. However, preparatory meeting documents focus on downstream plastic waste and work from a narrow definition of chemicals as hazardous additives. To enable the treaty to fully address plastics’ ecological, health, and environmental justice problems, it is essential to redefine plastics as complex chemical mixtures and to integrate chemical issues across the life cycle within the scope and core obligations of the legal instrument.

Adapted from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf5410.

Based on Text II, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Evidence that plastics chemicals and different illnesses are closely related is scanty.
( ) Chemical mixtures in plastics may take unforeseen directions.
( ) Forthcoming documents ought to revamp earlier definitions of plastics.
The statements are, respectively,
Alternativas
Respostas
4421: C
4422: E
4423: C
4424: C
4425: C
4426: D
4427: E
4428: B
4429: D
4430: A
4431: A
4432: B
4433: D
4434: A
4435: B
4436: B
4437: A
4438: B
4439: E
4440: A