Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

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Q3259803 Inglês

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.


Text


Should schools just say no to pupils using phones?


14th July 2024

Natalie Grice – BBC News


“I wouldn’t say it’s a good thing for a child never to have a smartphone. I think it’s part of a balanced life. You’ve got to live in your own time.”


These are not the words you might expect to hear from a teacher at a school that has never in its history allowed pupils under sixth form age to use a mobile phone on the premises.


But Sarah Owen, deputy head at Stanwell School in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, was simply expressing a personal opinion, rather than the school’s view about a young person’s wider life.


It is clear that she and the school have very firm opinions on what is best for children while they are on school grounds.


For Stanwell pupils in years 7 to 11, that has always meant no phones. Not in lessons, not in the corridor, not at breaktimes.


It is such a long-established rule that it presumably comes as no surprise to pupils and parents when they join the school, which is starting to seem as if it may have been ahead of a growing curve.


In the past few years, a number of schools across Wales and further afield have introduced total bans on mobiles. While Stanwell only asks pupils to keep phones switched off in their bags, others require the devices to be handed in at the start of the day.


Llanidloes High School in Powys is one which has implemented this policy in the past few years and Ysgol Penrhyn Dewi in St Davids, Pembrokeshire, followed suit at the start of this year.


Sarah Owen has been at Stanwell School since 2000 and says that there has always been a no phone policy in the school. For Sarah, it is a question not of trying to impinge on their students’ freedom, but of giving them vital time away from mobile life, for welfare as well as educational reasons.


“We genuinely believe this is in their best interests,” she said. “Phone addiction and screen addiction and scrolling, the loss of concentration, the loss of soft skills around listening and interacting with others, that’s something we need to be concerned about as a society generally.”


“We want children to be interacting with each other, having conversations, playing football, having those connections and interactions with other people.”


Sarah also believes it gives pupils relief from the possibility of being “photographed, filmed, mocked in some way – that’s not a nice way for children to live”. She said she wanted her pupils to have “some sanctuary from the anxiety of feeling so scrutinised and looked at”. 


Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles



Sarah Owen said to her students: “Don’t use your mobiles in the classroom.” Choose the option that correctly expresses the sentence above in reported speech:
Alternativas
Q3259799 Inglês

Read the text below and answer the questions that follow.


Text


Should schools just say no to pupils using phones?


14th July 2024

Natalie Grice – BBC News


“I wouldn’t say it’s a good thing for a child never to have a smartphone. I think it’s part of a balanced life. You’ve got to live in your own time.”


These are not the words you might expect to hear from a teacher at a school that has never in its history allowed pupils under sixth form age to use a mobile phone on the premises.


But Sarah Owen, deputy head at Stanwell School in Penarth, Vale of Glamorgan, was simply expressing a personal opinion, rather than the school’s view about a young person’s wider life.


It is clear that she and the school have very firm opinions on what is best for children while they are on school grounds.


For Stanwell pupils in years 7 to 11, that has always meant no phones. Not in lessons, not in the corridor, not at breaktimes.


It is such a long-established rule that it presumably comes as no surprise to pupils and parents when they join the school, which is starting to seem as if it may have been ahead of a growing curve.


In the past few years, a number of schools across Wales and further afield have introduced total bans on mobiles. While Stanwell only asks pupils to keep phones switched off in their bags, others require the devices to be handed in at the start of the day.


Llanidloes High School in Powys is one which has implemented this policy in the past few years and Ysgol Penrhyn Dewi in St Davids, Pembrokeshire, followed suit at the start of this year.


Sarah Owen has been at Stanwell School since 2000 and says that there has always been a no phone policy in the school. For Sarah, it is a question not of trying to impinge on their students’ freedom, but of giving them vital time away from mobile life, for welfare as well as educational reasons.


“We genuinely believe this is in their best interests,” she said. “Phone addiction and screen addiction and scrolling, the loss of concentration, the loss of soft skills around listening and interacting with others, that’s something we need to be concerned about as a society generally.”


“We want children to be interacting with each other, having conversations, playing football, having those connections and interactions with other people.”


Sarah also believes it gives pupils relief from the possibility of being “photographed, filmed, mocked in some way – that’s not a nice way for children to live”. She said she wanted her pupils to have “some sanctuary from the anxiety of feeling so scrutinised and looked at”. 


Adapted from: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles



Consider the following statements about the text.

1. The pupils at Stanwell School are allowed to use their mobiles in the corridor and at breaktimes, but they are not allowed to use the mobiles in the classroom.
2. Few schools in Wales have banned their students from using their mobile phones on their premises.
3. The pupils at Stanwell school are supposed to hand in their mobile phones at the start of the day.
4. Sarah Owen has implemented the no phone policy not only at Stanwell School but also at Llanidloes High School.

Choose the right option:
Alternativas
Q3257228 Inglês
    Innovation is crucial for the food industry to address several critical challenges. Firstly, it is essential to meet the rising demand for food products driven by a growing global population. By implementing new technologies and improving production processes, companies can significantly increase output. Secondly, innovation plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with food production. This allows companies to remain competitive by offering affordable prices while maintaining profitability. Finally, innovation empowers companies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This includes developing new products that cater to specific dietary needs and preferences, such as healthier options or products with unique flavor combinations.
     Innovation in the food industry can be broadly categorized into four key areas: product innovation, process innovation, packaging innovation, and marketing/branding innovation. Product innovation focuses on creating new or improved food products with unique features and benefits for consumers. This may involve developing new flavors, textures, and incorporating healthier ingredients. Process innovation aims to optimize production processes by implementing new technologies and methods to increase output while maintaining or improving quality standards. Packaging innovation explores innovative ways to package and present food products to consumers, such as using eco-friendly materials, implementing unique designs, and incorporating features that extend shelf life. Finally, marketing/branding innovation involves developing creative strategies to promote food products to consumers, leveraging social media, influencer marketing, and engaging campaigns to build brand loyalty. 
Internet: <tastewise.io> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item. 

Process innovation in the food industry primarily focuses on developing new and unique flavors for food products.
Alternativas
Q3257227 Inglês
    Innovation is crucial for the food industry to address several critical challenges. Firstly, it is essential to meet the rising demand for food products driven by a growing global population. By implementing new technologies and improving production processes, companies can significantly increase output. Secondly, innovation plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with food production. This allows companies to remain competitive by offering affordable prices while maintaining profitability. Finally, innovation empowers companies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This includes developing new products that cater to specific dietary needs and preferences, such as healthier options or products with unique flavor combinations.
     Innovation in the food industry can be broadly categorized into four key areas: product innovation, process innovation, packaging innovation, and marketing/branding innovation. Product innovation focuses on creating new or improved food products with unique features and benefits for consumers. This may involve developing new flavors, textures, and incorporating healthier ingredients. Process innovation aims to optimize production processes by implementing new technologies and methods to increase output while maintaining or improving quality standards. Packaging innovation explores innovative ways to package and present food products to consumers, such as using eco-friendly materials, implementing unique designs, and incorporating features that extend shelf life. Finally, marketing/branding innovation involves developing creative strategies to promote food products to consumers, leveraging social media, influencer marketing, and engaging campaigns to build brand loyalty. 
Internet: <tastewise.io> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item. 

The primary motivation behind innovation in the food industry is to cater to the increasing demand for organic food products. 
Alternativas
Q3257226 Inglês
    Innovation is crucial for the food industry to address several critical challenges. Firstly, it is essential to meet the rising demand for food products driven by a growing global population. By implementing new technologies and improving production processes, companies can significantly increase output. Secondly, innovation plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with food production. This allows companies to remain competitive by offering affordable prices while maintaining profitability. Finally, innovation empowers companies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This includes developing new products that cater to specific dietary needs and preferences, such as healthier options or products with unique flavor combinations.
     Innovation in the food industry can be broadly categorized into four key areas: product innovation, process innovation, packaging innovation, and marketing/branding innovation. Product innovation focuses on creating new or improved food products with unique features and benefits for consumers. This may involve developing new flavors, textures, and incorporating healthier ingredients. Process innovation aims to optimize production processes by implementing new technologies and methods to increase output while maintaining or improving quality standards. Packaging innovation explores innovative ways to package and present food products to consumers, such as using eco-friendly materials, implementing unique designs, and incorporating features that extend shelf life. Finally, marketing/branding innovation involves developing creative strategies to promote food products to consumers, leveraging social media, influencer marketing, and engaging campaigns to build brand loyalty. 
Internet: <tastewise.io> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item. 

The word “leveraging” as used in the second paragraph implies the act of taking as much advantage or profit as possible from something. 
Alternativas
Q3252405 Inglês
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


Babies cry with an accent


A study found newborns cry with the melody of their parent’s language.


By ABC News 


Think newborns just eat, sleep and wail the same way across the world? That’s not so, according to a new study which found that babies cry with an accent within the first week of life.

By recording cries of 60 babies born to French or German parents, researchers discovered that babies cry with the same “prosody” or melody used in their native language by the second day of life.

French newborns in the study ended their cries with a lilt at the end typically heard in French. German babies, however, started their cries intensely and dropped off at the end – much like the emphasis their German parents put in a sentence, according to a study published Thursday in Current Biology.

Experts in child development say the most exciting part of this discovery is not that infants recognize the melody of their language, but that the newborns may have the ability to use what they heard in the womb to then control their cries.


Adaptado de: https ://abcnews .go.com/Health/MindMoodNews /newborns -cry -accent-study-finds /story? id=9006266. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2024.
A parte mais interessante da descoberta, segundo especialistas em desenvolvimento infantil, foi que
Alternativas
Q3252404 Inglês
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


Babies cry with an accent


A study found newborns cry with the melody of their parent’s language.


By ABC News 


Think newborns just eat, sleep and wail the same way across the world? That’s not so, according to a new study which found that babies cry with an accent within the first week of life.

By recording cries of 60 babies born to French or German parents, researchers discovered that babies cry with the same “prosody” or melody used in their native language by the second day of life.

French newborns in the study ended their cries with a lilt at the end typically heard in French. German babies, however, started their cries intensely and dropped off at the end – much like the emphasis their German parents put in a sentence, according to a study published Thursday in Current Biology.

Experts in child development say the most exciting part of this discovery is not that infants recognize the melody of their language, but that the newborns may have the ability to use what they heard in the womb to then control their cries.


Adaptado de: https ://abcnews .go.com/Health/MindMoodNews /newborns -cry -accent-study-finds /story? id=9006266. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2024.
A principal descoberta ao gravar os choros de 60 bebês, nascidos de pais franceses ou de pais alemães, foi que
Alternativas
Q3252403 Inglês
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


Babies cry with an accent


A study found newborns cry with the melody of their parent’s language.


By ABC News 


Think newborns just eat, sleep and wail the same way across the world? That’s not so, according to a new study which found that babies cry with an accent within the first week of life.

By recording cries of 60 babies born to French or German parents, researchers discovered that babies cry with the same “prosody” or melody used in their native language by the second day of life.

French newborns in the study ended their cries with a lilt at the end typically heard in French. German babies, however, started their cries intensely and dropped off at the end – much like the emphasis their German parents put in a sentence, according to a study published Thursday in Current Biology.

Experts in child development say the most exciting part of this discovery is not that infants recognize the melody of their language, but that the newborns may have the ability to use what they heard in the womb to then control their cries.


Adaptado de: https ://abcnews .go.com/Health/MindMoodNews /newborns -cry -accent-study-finds /story? id=9006266. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2024.
Segundo o estudo mencionado no texto, os bebês recém-nascidos choram
Alternativas
Q3252400 Inglês
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


AI for language education


This 4-year project explores effective and ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in language education for both learners and teachers. It investigates how AI tools can help teachers plan lessons, design materials, and conduct formative assessment in order to enable learners to utilise AI responsibly for higher-quality, autonomous language learning.


Newly available AI systems and technologies are seen as full of promise by some and a major threat by others. This project proposes to sift through some of the mounting hype and scepticism by exploring practical ways in which emerging AI tools and resources can be effectively implemented by both language learners and teachers, thereby encouraging their responsible and ethical use.

In collaboration with language teachers and teacher educators we aim to deepen our understanding of how AI tools (e.g. ChatGPT) can support language teaching and learning both in formal and informal settings. 

Quality aspects of potentially pedagogically useful applications for learners (e.g. editing and revising written production, comprehension checking, communication training, grammar practice, vocabulary development) will be highlighted. The project also aims to look at ways in which AI can be used to raise ethical awareness of and manage sensitive issues such as plagiarism and cheating.


Adaptado de: https ://www.ecml.at/Aboutus /AboutUs -Overv iew/tabid/172/language/en-GB/Default.aspx . Acesso em: 14 nov. 2024.
Em relação às questões éticas, o projeto pretende
Alternativas
Q3252398 Inglês
Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.


AI for language education


This 4-year project explores effective and ethical use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in language education for both learners and teachers. It investigates how AI tools can help teachers plan lessons, design materials, and conduct formative assessment in order to enable learners to utilise AI responsibly for higher-quality, autonomous language learning.


Newly available AI systems and technologies are seen as full of promise by some and a major threat by others. This project proposes to sift through some of the mounting hype and scepticism by exploring practical ways in which emerging AI tools and resources can be effectively implemented by both language learners and teachers, thereby encouraging their responsible and ethical use.

In collaboration with language teachers and teacher educators we aim to deepen our understanding of how AI tools (e.g. ChatGPT) can support language teaching and learning both in formal and informal settings. 

Quality aspects of potentially pedagogically useful applications for learners (e.g. editing and revising written production, comprehension checking, communication training, grammar practice, vocabulary development) will be highlighted. The project also aims to look at ways in which AI can be used to raise ethical awareness of and manage sensitive issues such as plagiarism and cheating.


Adaptado de: https ://www.ecml.at/Aboutus /AboutUs -Overv iew/tabid/172/language/en-GB/Default.aspx . Acesso em: 14 nov. 2024.
O projeto anunciado pelo Conselho Europeu tem o objetivo de 
Alternativas
Q3243920 Inglês

The mysterious death of Alexander the Great


    When Alexander the Great’s body seemingly remained unchanged for six days after his death in 323 BCE, his contemporaries could offer only one explanation. Alexander must have been a god. So… was he?

    Alexander the Great first fell ill during a days-long series of parties, during one of which he collapsed, complaining of a searing pain in his back. After 10 days of intense fever, Alexander’s soldiers were brought in to see him one final time. As reported by the historian Arrian, at that point the king “could no longer speak… but he struggled to raise his head and gave each man a greeting with his eyes.”

    When Alexander was declared dead on June 13, theories began forming. Had he been poisoned? Sabotaged? Had he been killed by drinking too much wine? Today we have an explanation for Alexander’s death and his period of bodily freshness that relies less on the supernatural and more on science. In 2018 Dr. Katherine Hall, a lecturer in New Zealand, proposed that Alexander the Great had Guillain-Barré syndrome, an acute autoimmune condition that results in muscle paralysis. In other words, Alexander may have been alive when he was declared dead—a mistake that could have been made when physicians mistook the shallow breathing of a coma patient for no breathing at all. If this was the case, Alexander may have been effectively murdered during embalming—a process that would have seen him disemboweled.

    While we can’t travel back in time to confirm Hall’s theory, it is the only one that takes into account all the details of Alexander’s death—and his body’s mysterious life.


Encyclopaedia Britannica. Adaptation 

Regarding the text, mark the INCORRECT item. 
Alternativas
Q3235092 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    If styles are general characteristics that differentiate one individual from another, then strategies are those specific “attacks” that we make on a given problem, and that vary considerably within each individual. They are the momentby-moment techniques that we employ to solve “problems” posed by second language input and output. Chamot (2005, p. 112) defines strategies quite broadly as “procedures that facilitate a learning task. Strategies are most often conscious and goal driven.”

    As our knowledge of second language acquisition increased markedly during the 1970s, teachers and researchers came to realize that no single research finding and no single method of language teaching would usher in an era of universal success in teaching a second language. We saw that certain learners seemed to be successful regardless of methods or techniques of teaching. We began to see the importance of individual variation in language learning. Certain people appeared to be endowed with abilities to succeed; others lacked those abilities. This observation led Rubin (1975) and Stern (1975) to describe “good” language learners in terms of personal traits, styles, and strategies. Rubin (Rubin & Thompson, 1982) later summarized fourteen such characteristics. Among other abilities, good language learners tend to:

1. Find their own way, taking charge of their learning

2. Be creative and develop a “feel” for the language by experimenting with its grammar and words

3. Make their own opportunities for practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom

4. Learn to live with uncertainty by continuing to talk or listen without understanding every word

5. Use linguistic knowledge, including knowledge of their first language, in learning a second language

6. Use contextual cues to help them in comprehension 

7. Learn to make intelligent guesses

8. Learn chunks of language as wholes and formalized routines to help them perform “beyond their competence”

9. Learn different styles of speech and writing and learn to vary their language according to the formality of the situation.


(, H.Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
 Confidencial até o momento da aplicação.
In reading, the ability to “make intelligent guesses” is named
Alternativas
Q3235091 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    If styles are general characteristics that differentiate one individual from another, then strategies are those specific “attacks” that we make on a given problem, and that vary considerably within each individual. They are the momentby-moment techniques that we employ to solve “problems” posed by second language input and output. Chamot (2005, p. 112) defines strategies quite broadly as “procedures that facilitate a learning task. Strategies are most often conscious and goal driven.”

    As our knowledge of second language acquisition increased markedly during the 1970s, teachers and researchers came to realize that no single research finding and no single method of language teaching would usher in an era of universal success in teaching a second language. We saw that certain learners seemed to be successful regardless of methods or techniques of teaching. We began to see the importance of individual variation in language learning. Certain people appeared to be endowed with abilities to succeed; others lacked those abilities. This observation led Rubin (1975) and Stern (1975) to describe “good” language learners in terms of personal traits, styles, and strategies. Rubin (Rubin & Thompson, 1982) later summarized fourteen such characteristics. Among other abilities, good language learners tend to:

1. Find their own way, taking charge of their learning

2. Be creative and develop a “feel” for the language by experimenting with its grammar and words

3. Make their own opportunities for practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom

4. Learn to live with uncertainty by continuing to talk or listen without understanding every word

5. Use linguistic knowledge, including knowledge of their first language, in learning a second language

6. Use contextual cues to help them in comprehension 

7. Learn to make intelligent guesses

8. Learn chunks of language as wholes and formalized routines to help them perform “beyond their competence”

9. Learn different styles of speech and writing and learn to vary their language according to the formality of the situation.


(, H.Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
 Confidencial até o momento da aplicação.
Um professor do Ensino Fundamental preocupado em desenvolver no aluno a habilidade n.7 citada no texto de Brown, “Learn to make intelligent guesses”, deverá
Alternativas
Q3235090 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


    If styles are general characteristics that differentiate one individual from another, then strategies are those specific “attacks” that we make on a given problem, and that vary considerably within each individual. They are the momentby-moment techniques that we employ to solve “problems” posed by second language input and output. Chamot (2005, p. 112) defines strategies quite broadly as “procedures that facilitate a learning task. Strategies are most often conscious and goal driven.”

    As our knowledge of second language acquisition increased markedly during the 1970s, teachers and researchers came to realize that no single research finding and no single method of language teaching would usher in an era of universal success in teaching a second language. We saw that certain learners seemed to be successful regardless of methods or techniques of teaching. We began to see the importance of individual variation in language learning. Certain people appeared to be endowed with abilities to succeed; others lacked those abilities. This observation led Rubin (1975) and Stern (1975) to describe “good” language learners in terms of personal traits, styles, and strategies. Rubin (Rubin & Thompson, 1982) later summarized fourteen such characteristics. Among other abilities, good language learners tend to:

1. Find their own way, taking charge of their learning

2. Be creative and develop a “feel” for the language by experimenting with its grammar and words

3. Make their own opportunities for practice in using the language inside and outside the classroom

4. Learn to live with uncertainty by continuing to talk or listen without understanding every word

5. Use linguistic knowledge, including knowledge of their first language, in learning a second language

6. Use contextual cues to help them in comprehension 

7. Learn to make intelligent guesses

8. Learn chunks of language as wholes and formalized routines to help them perform “beyond their competence”

9. Learn different styles of speech and writing and learn to vary their language according to the formality of the situation.


(, H.Douglas Brown. Principles of language learning and teaching. 5th ed. Longman, 2000. Adaptado)
 Confidencial até o momento da aplicação.
According to Rubin (Rubin & Thompson, 1982), good language learners “learn chunks of language as wholes and formalized routines to help them perform “beyond their competence”. To help their students develop such an ability, the English teacher may, among other classroom proposals,
Alternativas
Q3235085 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


    The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

    Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF. 

    The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

    Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
Depreende-se das visões de Seidlhofer (2004) e Jenkins (2005), no segundo e terceiro parágrafos, e das posições da BNCC sobre a aprendizagem de inglês na escola brasileira, que uma frase como “She wear a blue uniform for school”, se pronunciada por um aprendiz brasileiro do ensino fundamental,
Alternativas
Q3235084 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


    The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

    Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF. 

    The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

    Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
Read the two quotations by two researchers, commenting on some lexico-grammatical features of English as a lingua franca:

    “Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF.” (paragraph 2)
    “Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.” (paragraph 3)

From the two statements it is possible to understand that, in the teaching of English as a língua franca, a central issue concerning learners’ production of the English language is
Alternativas
Q3235082 Inglês
Leia o texto para responder à questão.


ELF: English as a lingua franca


    The Vienna Oxford International Corpus of English (VOICE), a collection of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) currently under construction, defines lingua franca as an additionally acquired language system that serves as a means of communication for speakers from different speech communities, who use it to communicate with each other but for whom it is not their native language.

    Early findings from the VOICE corpus tentatively identify a number of features which point to systematic lexicogrammatical differences between native-speaker English and ELF, for example dropping the third person present tense ‘s’ (e.g. she wear), omitting definite and indefinite articles, insertion of prepositions (e.g. can we discuss about this issue). These features are not a threat to comprehension, as they involve typical errors that most English teachers would correct and remediate. However, Seidlhofer (2004) points out that they appear to be generally unproblematic and do not cause an obstacle to communicative success in ELF. 

    The work of Jenkins (1996, 2000, 2004, 2005) has also been very influential in relation to the teaching of pronunciation for ELF. Her research finds that a number of items common to most native-speaker varieties of English were not necessary in successful ELF interactions; for example, the substitution of voiceless and voiced th with /t/ or /s/ and /d/ or /z/ (e.g. think became sink or tink, and this became dis or zis). Jenkins argues that such features occur regularly in ELF interactions and do not cause intelligibility problems.

    Problems may arise in the (perhaps unfair) equation between a reduced or ‘stripped down’ ELF syllabus and an impoverished experience of the L2. Indeed, it could be argued that learners of any language always end up producing less than the input they are exposed to, and that if that input itself is deliberately restricted, then even less will be the outcome.


(O’KEEFFE, A., MCCARTHY, M. & CARTER, R. From corpus to classroom. Language Use and Language Teaching. Cambridge, CUP. 2007. Adaptado)
English as a lingua franca can be differentiated from other languages or from other varieties of English in that it
Alternativas
Q3235081 Inglês
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    Practice often receives an unfair treatment in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists deliberately avoid the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to entertain students on Friday afternoons.

    Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?


(DEKEYSER, Robert. Practice in a second language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, 2007. Adaptado)
In the context of the second paragraph, the extract “Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt” aims at
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Q3235080 Inglês
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    Practice often receives an unfair treatment in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists deliberately avoid the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to entertain students on Friday afternoons.

    Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?


(DEKEYSER, Robert. Practice in a second language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, 2007. Adaptado)
In communicative language teaching (CLT), practice
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Q3235079 Inglês
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    Practice often receives an unfair treatment in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists deliberately avoid the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to entertain students on Friday afternoons.

    Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?


(DEKEYSER, Robert. Practice in a second language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, 2007. Adaptado)
“Images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning” (paragraph 1) can be most closely associated to
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Respostas
1201: A
1202: C
1203: E
1204: E
1205: C
1206: A
1207: A
1208: A
1209: A
1210: A
1211: D
1212: C
1213: E
1214: E
1215: D
1216: C
1217: A
1218: B
1219: C
1220: E