Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre interpretação de texto | reading comprehension em inglês

Foram encontradas 8.692 questões

Q3818251 Inglês
Read the sentences carefully and select the one that is correct. 
Alternativas
Q3818244 Inglês

Read the text below carefully, and then answer question.


“Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-tutors.


In work and play, AI is rewiring childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalised syllabuses and bespoke entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed about them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have an entourage of chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal.


It is a future filled with opportunities—and hidden traps. As real kings often discover, a bespoke upbringing can also be a lonely and atomised one. What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up.


Being reared by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Literacy and language-learning have been boosted in early trials. The dream is that, with an AI tutor, children can be saved from classes pitched to the median, in which bright pupils are bored and dim ones are lost. If you want a version of this leader for an eight-year-old Hindi-speaker, AI can rewrite it; if they would prefer it as a cartoon strip or a song, no problem.


Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as “slop”, but young people are devouring them and making their own. Old toys are being upgraded: an AI-powered edition of “Trivial Pursuit” can pose questions on any topic. Video games are creating novel experiences, such as chatting to Darth Vader in “Fortnite”. Any child can meet their heroes (and shoot them).


There are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. AI tutors may hallucinate wrong answers. Toys can go off the rails: parents should check stockings for the AI teddy that was recently found to have spiced up its chat with talk of kinky sex. Children can easily misuse AI, to cheat at homework or harass each other with “deepfake” videos. Chatbots can coax vulnerable adolescents into harming themselves. Tech firms insist these stumbling blocks can be fixed; ChatGPT is only three years old.


Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes—and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers where people see only views they agree with (or love to hate). AI threatens to strengthen these echo chambers and lock children into them at an early age. The child who likes football may be told football stories by his teddy and given footballing examples by his AI tutor. Not only does this stamp out serendipity. A favourites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar.


One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. A third of American teenagers say they find chatting to an AI companion at least as satisfying as talking to a friend, and easier than talking to their parents. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and take required in a relationship.


Other trends are pushing in the same direction. As birth rates crash, fewer children are growing up with siblings to smooth their sharp edges. Rising numbers of young adults are deciding that long-term romantic relationships are not worth the hassle. Remote work means that people who grow up in a personalised, asocial world can slip into jobs where they interact with colleagues only through screens—a chore they may soon delegate to an AI agent.


Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a word-regurgitation machine, whether it is sewn into a bear or not. Chatbots should have age restrictions that are properly enforced; governments should not give AI firms the leeway they gave social networks, which are only now being cajoled into age-gating. Teachers are kidding themselves if they think essays written at home can any longer be trusted. In the age of AI, more in-school assessment is essential.


Happy princes, hollow kingdoms 


Schools should also enhance their role as centres of discovery. If AI is giving children more of what they want, it is more important that schools provide chances to meet people and encounter ideas that lie outside their experience. Algorithmic personalisation threatens to be a powerful barrier to social mobility if it nudges people to stay in the lane in which they start out. Inequality could widen if poor schools merely embrace chatbots as cheap substitutes for human teachers.


AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But the truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off.


Fonte: https://www.biznews.com/tech/economist-ai-rewiring-childhood. Acesso em

14/12/2025.  

 

Why does the text argue that relationships with chatbots may harm social development? 
Alternativas
Q3818243 Inglês

Read the text below carefully, and then answer question.


“Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-tutors.


In work and play, AI is rewiring childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalised syllabuses and bespoke entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed about them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have an entourage of chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal.


It is a future filled with opportunities—and hidden traps. As real kings often discover, a bespoke upbringing can also be a lonely and atomised one. What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up.


Being reared by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Literacy and language-learning have been boosted in early trials. The dream is that, with an AI tutor, children can be saved from classes pitched to the median, in which bright pupils are bored and dim ones are lost. If you want a version of this leader for an eight-year-old Hindi-speaker, AI can rewrite it; if they would prefer it as a cartoon strip or a song, no problem.


Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as “slop”, but young people are devouring them and making their own. Old toys are being upgraded: an AI-powered edition of “Trivial Pursuit” can pose questions on any topic. Video games are creating novel experiences, such as chatting to Darth Vader in “Fortnite”. Any child can meet their heroes (and shoot them).


There are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. AI tutors may hallucinate wrong answers. Toys can go off the rails: parents should check stockings for the AI teddy that was recently found to have spiced up its chat with talk of kinky sex. Children can easily misuse AI, to cheat at homework or harass each other with “deepfake” videos. Chatbots can coax vulnerable adolescents into harming themselves. Tech firms insist these stumbling blocks can be fixed; ChatGPT is only three years old.


Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes—and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers where people see only views they agree with (or love to hate). AI threatens to strengthen these echo chambers and lock children into them at an early age. The child who likes football may be told football stories by his teddy and given footballing examples by his AI tutor. Not only does this stamp out serendipity. A favourites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar.


One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. A third of American teenagers say they find chatting to an AI companion at least as satisfying as talking to a friend, and easier than talking to their parents. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and take required in a relationship.


Other trends are pushing in the same direction. As birth rates crash, fewer children are growing up with siblings to smooth their sharp edges. Rising numbers of young adults are deciding that long-term romantic relationships are not worth the hassle. Remote work means that people who grow up in a personalised, asocial world can slip into jobs where they interact with colleagues only through screens—a chore they may soon delegate to an AI agent.


Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a word-regurgitation machine, whether it is sewn into a bear or not. Chatbots should have age restrictions that are properly enforced; governments should not give AI firms the leeway they gave social networks, which are only now being cajoled into age-gating. Teachers are kidding themselves if they think essays written at home can any longer be trusted. In the age of AI, more in-school assessment is essential.


Happy princes, hollow kingdoms 


Schools should also enhance their role as centres of discovery. If AI is giving children more of what they want, it is more important that schools provide chances to meet people and encounter ideas that lie outside their experience. Algorithmic personalisation threatens to be a powerful barrier to social mobility if it nudges people to stay in the lane in which they start out. Inequality could widen if poor schools merely embrace chatbots as cheap substitutes for human teachers.


AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But the truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off.


Fonte: https://www.biznews.com/tech/economist-ai-rewiring-childhood. Acesso em

14/12/2025.  

 

Which risk mentioned in the text comes from AI functioning as intended, not from errors or misuse? 
Alternativas
Q3818242 Inglês

Read the text below carefully, and then answer question.


“Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-tutors.


In work and play, AI is rewiring childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalised syllabuses and bespoke entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed about them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have an entourage of chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal.


It is a future filled with opportunities—and hidden traps. As real kings often discover, a bespoke upbringing can also be a lonely and atomised one. What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up.


Being reared by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Literacy and language-learning have been boosted in early trials. The dream is that, with an AI tutor, children can be saved from classes pitched to the median, in which bright pupils are bored and dim ones are lost. If you want a version of this leader for an eight-year-old Hindi-speaker, AI can rewrite it; if they would prefer it as a cartoon strip or a song, no problem.


Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as “slop”, but young people are devouring them and making their own. Old toys are being upgraded: an AI-powered edition of “Trivial Pursuit” can pose questions on any topic. Video games are creating novel experiences, such as chatting to Darth Vader in “Fortnite”. Any child can meet their heroes (and shoot them).


There are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. AI tutors may hallucinate wrong answers. Toys can go off the rails: parents should check stockings for the AI teddy that was recently found to have spiced up its chat with talk of kinky sex. Children can easily misuse AI, to cheat at homework or harass each other with “deepfake” videos. Chatbots can coax vulnerable adolescents into harming themselves. Tech firms insist these stumbling blocks can be fixed; ChatGPT is only three years old.


Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes—and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers where people see only views they agree with (or love to hate). AI threatens to strengthen these echo chambers and lock children into them at an early age. The child who likes football may be told football stories by his teddy and given footballing examples by his AI tutor. Not only does this stamp out serendipity. A favourites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar.


One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. A third of American teenagers say they find chatting to an AI companion at least as satisfying as talking to a friend, and easier than talking to their parents. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and take required in a relationship.


Other trends are pushing in the same direction. As birth rates crash, fewer children are growing up with siblings to smooth their sharp edges. Rising numbers of young adults are deciding that long-term romantic relationships are not worth the hassle. Remote work means that people who grow up in a personalised, asocial world can slip into jobs where they interact with colleagues only through screens—a chore they may soon delegate to an AI agent.


Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a word-regurgitation machine, whether it is sewn into a bear or not. Chatbots should have age restrictions that are properly enforced; governments should not give AI firms the leeway they gave social networks, which are only now being cajoled into age-gating. Teachers are kidding themselves if they think essays written at home can any longer be trusted. In the age of AI, more in-school assessment is essential.


Happy princes, hollow kingdoms 


Schools should also enhance their role as centres of discovery. If AI is giving children more of what they want, it is more important that schools provide chances to meet people and encounter ideas that lie outside their experience. Algorithmic personalisation threatens to be a powerful barrier to social mobility if it nudges people to stay in the lane in which they start out. Inequality could widen if poor schools merely embrace chatbots as cheap substitutes for human teachers.


AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But the truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off.


Fonte: https://www.biznews.com/tech/economist-ai-rewiring-childhood. Acesso em

14/12/2025.  

 

When the text says AI could make childhood “fit for a king,” what does it imply? 
Alternativas
Q3818241 Inglês

Read the text below carefully, and then answer question.


“Christmas stockings may contain more surprises than usual this year, as children open presents that can talk back. Toymakers in China have declared 2025 the year of artificial intelligence (AI) and are producing robots and teddies that can teach, play and tell stories. Older children, meanwhile, are glued to viral AI videos and AI-enhanced games. At school, many are being taught with materials created with tools like ChatGPT. Some are even learning alongside chatbot-tutors.


In work and play, AI is rewiring childhood. It promises every child the kind of upbringing previously available only to the rich, with private tutors, personalised syllabuses and bespoke entertainment. Children can listen to songs composed about them, read stories in which they star, play video games that adapt to their skill level and have an entourage of chatbot friends cheering them on. A childhood fit for a king could become universal.


It is a future filled with opportunities—and hidden traps. As real kings often discover, a bespoke upbringing can also be a lonely and atomised one. What’s more, as their subjects often find out, it can create adults who are ill-equipped for real life. As AI changes childhood for better and for worse, society must rethink the business of growing up.


Being reared by robots has advantages. Tech firms are already showing how AI can enhance learning, especially where teachers and materials are scarce. Literacy and language-learning have been boosted in early trials. The dream is that, with an AI tutor, children can be saved from classes pitched to the median, in which bright pupils are bored and dim ones are lost. If you want a version of this leader for an eight-year-old Hindi-speaker, AI can rewrite it; if they would prefer it as a cartoon strip or a song, no problem.


Technology is creating new forms of fun, too. Hollywood may dismiss AI videos as “slop”, but young people are devouring them and making their own. Old toys are being upgraded: an AI-powered edition of “Trivial Pursuit” can pose questions on any topic. Video games are creating novel experiences, such as chatting to Darth Vader in “Fortnite”. Any child can meet their heroes (and shoot them).


There are well-publicised risks in letting children loose on an evolving technology. AI tutors may hallucinate wrong answers. Toys can go off the rails: parents should check stockings for the AI teddy that was recently found to have spiced up its chat with talk of kinky sex. Children can easily misuse AI, to cheat at homework or harass each other with “deepfake” videos. Chatbots can coax vulnerable adolescents into harming themselves. Tech firms insist these stumbling blocks can be fixed; ChatGPT is only three years old.


Yet childhood may be disrupted most radically by things that AI does when it is behaving as intended. The technology quickly learns what its master likes—and shows more of it. Social-media feeds have already created echo chambers where people see only views they agree with (or love to hate). AI threatens to strengthen these echo chambers and lock children into them at an early age. The child who likes football may be told football stories by his teddy and given footballing examples by his AI tutor. Not only does this stamp out serendipity. A favourites-only diet means a child need never learn to tolerate something unfamiliar.


One-sided relationships with chatbots present a similar risk. AI companions that never criticise, nor share feelings of their own, are a poor preparation for dealing with imperfect humans. A third of American teenagers say they find chatting to an AI companion at least as satisfying as talking to a friend, and easier than talking to their parents. Yes-bots threaten to create children not used to taking turns, who grow up into colleagues unable to compromise and partners unfamiliar with the give-and take required in a relationship.


Other trends are pushing in the same direction. As birth rates crash, fewer children are growing up with siblings to smooth their sharp edges. Rising numbers of young adults are deciding that long-term romantic relationships are not worth the hassle. Remote work means that people who grow up in a personalised, asocial world can slip into jobs where they interact with colleagues only through screens—a chore they may soon delegate to an AI agent.


Some basic counter-measures are urgent. Parents should think twice before entrusting their child to a word-regurgitation machine, whether it is sewn into a bear or not. Chatbots should have age restrictions that are properly enforced; governments should not give AI firms the leeway they gave social networks, which are only now being cajoled into age-gating. Teachers are kidding themselves if they think essays written at home can any longer be trusted. In the age of AI, more in-school assessment is essential.


Happy princes, hollow kingdoms 


Schools should also enhance their role as centres of discovery. If AI is giving children more of what they want, it is more important that schools provide chances to meet people and encounter ideas that lie outside their experience. Algorithmic personalisation threatens to be a powerful barrier to social mobility if it nudges people to stay in the lane in which they start out. Inequality could widen if poor schools merely embrace chatbots as cheap substitutes for human teachers.


AI shows undeniable potential to improve education and enrich entertainment. It may one day let every child live like royalty. But the truly privileged may be those whose parents and teachers know when to turn it off.


Fonte: https://www.biznews.com/tech/economist-ai-rewiring-childhood. Acesso em

14/12/2025.  

 

According to the text, how is AI influencing childhood today? 
Alternativas
Q3816236 Inglês

Para responder à questão, leia o texto a seguir:



How Long Does It Take to Get Fit Again?



    When it comes to cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, the adage is true: Use it or lose it. While regular exercise can improve heart health and increase strength and mobility, taking weeks or months off can reverse many of those benefits.

    That’s not to say that rest days are not important. In general, short breaks can help you physically and mentally recharge, but whenever possible, you should avoid extending your time off for too long so that hopping back on the wagon doesn’t feel too daunting or miserable.

    “Your body adapts to the stimulus you provide,” said Dr. Kevin Stone, an orthopedic surgeon and the author of the book “Play Forever: How to Recover From Injury and Thrive.” “Your muscles become used to the stress and the testosterone, the adrenaline and endorphins — all the wonderful things that circulate from exercise. When you take that away, the body initiates a muscle loss program.”



Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/30/well/move/fitness-loss

exercise.html

In the sentence “Your body adapts to the stimulus you provide”, the word stimulus is used to express a specific meaning in the context of physical exercise. Considering the text, the word stimulus refers to:
Alternativas
Q3816235 Inglês

Para responder à questão, leia o texto a seguir:



How Long Does It Take to Get Fit Again?



    When it comes to cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, the adage is true: Use it or lose it. While regular exercise can improve heart health and increase strength and mobility, taking weeks or months off can reverse many of those benefits.

    That’s not to say that rest days are not important. In general, short breaks can help you physically and mentally recharge, but whenever possible, you should avoid extending your time off for too long so that hopping back on the wagon doesn’t feel too daunting or miserable.

    “Your body adapts to the stimulus you provide,” said Dr. Kevin Stone, an orthopedic surgeon and the author of the book “Play Forever: How to Recover From Injury and Thrive.” “Your muscles become used to the stress and the testosterone, the adrenaline and endorphins — all the wonderful things that circulate from exercise. When you take that away, the body initiates a muscle loss program.”



Source: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/01/30/well/move/fitness-loss

exercise.html

Based on the ideas developed throughout the text, the author discusses the effects of interrupting physical activity on the human body. Considering the main argument presented, identify the correct statement.
Alternativas
Q3802308 Inglês
Read the following excerpt:

“I wanted to be his life preserver, the thing that would keep him afloat. Instead, he became my anchor. And I’m tired of drowning.”

― Amanda Grace, But I Love Him

The semantic relationship between the metaphors "life preserver," "anchor," and "drowning" primarily serves to illustrate
Alternativas
Q3802297 Inglês
        SpaceX has pulled off a successful test flight of its newest generation rocket Starship, reversing a trend of disappointing failures. The world's largest and most powerful rocket blasted off from Texas just after 18:30 local time, for a 60-minute flight. Parts of the engine appeared to explode at one stage, and flaps on the side of the rocket caught fire and swung from side to side. The US space agency Nasa plans to use Starship to send humans to the Moon for its Artemis programme in 2027.

       "Great work by the SpaceX team!!", posted SpaceX CEO Elon Musk on X, who is spending billions on developing Starship, with each launch costing an estimated $100m. He will be welcoming the success after three Starship launches ended in failure this year, and one rocket exploded on its test stand in June. Starship is the largest and most powerful rocket built to date, made up of a booster called Super Heavy and the spacecraft Starship.

        The signs were positive from the start of Tuesday's test flight. All of the booster's 33 engines fired up, and after about seven minutes, the booster separated from the spacecraft and fell into the Gulf of Mexico. Starship continued to ascend, reaching a maximum height of almost 200 km above Earth before coasting around the planet. SpaceX said it intended to put the rocket under stress to test its limits, and parts of the rocket's flaps appeared to burn and swing wildly during the descent. The company has designed Starship to one day be a fully reusable transport system capable of carrying people to the Moon and Mars.


BBC News. “SpaceX pulls off Starship rocket launch in muchneeded comeback.” 27 August 2025.
According to the text, what does NASA plan to do with Starship? 
Alternativas
Q4037210 Inglês
Read the passage from A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916, p. 296):

"The past is consumed in the present and the present is living only because it brings forth the future."

This statement reflects a central feature of Modernist narrative technique by illustrating:
Alternativas
Q4037209 Inglês
In Hard Times (1854), Charles Dickens contrasts two educational philosophies through the characters of Mr. Gradgrind and Sissy Jupe. This contrast primarily serves to:
Alternativas
Q4037207 Inglês
Read the excerpt from William Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802, p.148):

"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin from emotion recollected in tranquility: the emotion is contemplated till, by a species of reaction, the tranquility gradually disappears, and an emotion, kindred to that which was before the subject of contemplation, is gradually produced, and does itself actually exist in the mind."

Based on this statement, Wordsworth's conception of poetry emphasizes:
Alternativas
Q4037203 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Read the following passage:

"Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove."

The expression "treasure trove" in this sentence most likely refers to:
Alternativas
Q4037202 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

We can learn a lot from Troy's trash

Beneath the epic tales of heroes and gods, Troy's true story is written in something far less glamorous − its rubbish.

When we think of Troy, we imagine epic battles, valiant deeds, cunning tricks and the wrath of gods. Thanks to Homer's Iliad, the city is remembered as a stage for romance and heroism.

But long before Paris stole Helen and Achilles raged on the battlefield, the people of bronze age Troy lived ordinary lives − with extraordinary consequences. They built, cooked, stored, traded and, crucially, threw things away. And they did it right where they lived.

Today, waste is whisked away quickly − out of sight, out of mind. But in bronze age Troy (3000−1000BC), trash stayed close, often accumulating in domestic dumping grounds for generations.

Having spent more than 16 summers excavating and analysing the bronze age layers of Troy, I've learned to read the city's history this waste.

Hundreds of thousands of animal bones from cattle, sheep, fish − even turtles − were found alongside vast quantities of pottery shards, ash, food scraps, and human waste. Sometimes, these layers were reused to level floors or build walls, showing how closely intertwined daily life and refuse management were.

This wasn't laziness or neglect, it was pure pragmatism. In a world without rubbish trucks or sanitation systems, managing refuse was neither chaotic nor careless, but a collective, spatially negotiated − and surprisingly strategic − effort.

The excavations I have worked on as part of the University of Tübingen's Troy Project, which has been going on since 1988, have revealed just how deliberate these routines were. Where people chose to dump, or not to dump, speaks volumes about status, social roles, and community boundaries. Waste is the diary no one meant to write, yet it records the intimate rhythms of daily life with unfiltered clarity.

Far from a nuisance, Troy's waste is an archaeologist's treasure trove.

Over nearly 2,000 years, Troy ended up with 15 meters of built-up debris. Archaeologists can see nine major building phases in it, each made up of hundreds of thin layers, which formed as people lived their everyday lives. These layers act like snapshots, quietly recording how the city changed over time. Some capture hearth cleanings, others record the rebuilding of entire city quarters.

By analysing the layers and their ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration, presence of storage jars, grinding stones, or production debris, specific spaces of activity become visible: kitchens, workshops, storage areas, rubbish pits. What appears chaotic turns out to be a carefully structured map of everyday routines − showing where meals were prepared, tools made, and discarded objects left behind.

The story these remains tell is one of profound transformation. Troy began as a modest agrarian settlement, shaped by the steady rhythms of farming, herding, and small-scale craft. Over time, it grew into a thriving regional centre.

The archaeological record, rich in refuse, traces this long arc of change. Exotic imports fashioned from stones such as carnelian and lapis lazuli begin to appear, revealing distant trade connections. Specialised metalworking tools emerge alongside monumental architecture. some buildings stretched nearly 30 metres, signalling growing ambitions and expanding capabilities.

This rise unfolded gradually, reflected not just in grander buildings, but in shifting tools, trade, and how people dealt with what they left behind. Waste management became more organised, with designated areas for different types of waste. This reflects broader shifts in how the community structured space and managed its economy. 

Yet this ascent was interrupted. By the mid-third millennium BC, signs that things were becoming smaller appear. Architecture simplifies, household inventories shrink, production debris declines suggesting economic slowdown or political instability.

Still, Troy endured. By the mid-second millennium BC, the city revived. Refined ceramics, luxury imports and evidence of social complexity marked a new chapter of recovery and reinvention. This splendid settlement later became the stage for Homer's Trojan War where Greek warriors faced the daunting task of climbing towering mounds of debris built up over centuries just to reach the palaces.

These insights allow us to see Troy not just as a city of walls and towers, but as a living organism shaped by daily routines, unspoken norms and social negotiation. The waste left behind is a remarkably honest archive of bronze age society − beneath myths, stones, and poetry.

Troy's trash heaps are the bronze age's search history. To know what mattered 4,500 years ago, don't ask poets − ask the garbage. From broken tools to shared meals, from imported luxuries to scraps, this waste reveals the pulse of everyday life and society's evolving structure.

Ironically, these mundane refuse layers preserved the bronze age world for us. Without them, we'd know far less about early Troy's people. Their depth and composition trace changes in economy, technology, and social structure. From scraps to towers of pottery shards, waste archaeology is key to understanding early urban complexity.

So next time you picture Achilles storming Troy's gates, remember: the heroes might have been divine, but their city smelled very human.


https://theconversation.com/we-can-learn-a-lot-from-troys-trash-260613 
Regarding the text, judge the statements below.

I. The author employs a multidisciplinary analytical approach to waste archaeology, examining quantitative ratios of bones to pottery, ash concentration levels, and the spatial distribution of artifacts such as storage jars and grinding stones to identify functional areas within the ancient city, thereby transforming seemingly chaotic refuse deposits into structured maps of daily activities including food preparation, craft production, and storage practices.

II. The text demonstrates that exotic imported materials such as carnelian and lapis lazuli found within Troy's refuse layers serve exclusively as indicators of aesthetic preferences and artistic tastes of Bronze Age inhabitants, having no significant implications for understanding trade networks, economic development, or the city's integration into broader regional exchange systems during its transformation from agrarian settlement to regional centre.

III. The archaeological evidence presented suggests that Troy's mid-second millennium BC revival, characterized by refined ceramics, luxury imports, and increased social complexity, represents the same settlement phase that Homer later immortalized in the Iliad, where Greek warriors confronted massive accumulated debris mounds while attempting to reach the palaces during the legendary Trojan War.

The following statement(s) is/are CORRECT:
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Q4037192 Inglês
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

New research unveils the "dark side" of social media influencers and their impact on marketing and consumer behaviour

Social media influencers (SMIs) pose psychological, health and security risks and need tighter regulation, a new study finds.

SMIs have revolutionised marketing, shaping consumer behaviour, brand strategies, and even societal norms. However, new research exposes a lesser-known side of influencer culture, one that raises ethical, psychological, and regulatory concerns.

A recent study by the University of Portsmouth systematically examines the negative impacts of SMIs, highlighting issues such as misinformation, endorsement of dangerous products, unrealistic beauty standards, the fostering of a comparison culture, deceptive consumption, and privacy risks.

With influencer marketing projected to reach an estimated $480 billion by 2027, companies increasingly rely on SMIs to promote products and foster consumer trust.

A Digital Marketing Institute (2024) survey found that 60 per cent of consumers trust influencer recommendations, with nearly half of all purchasing decisions being influenced by these endorsements. However, as influencer culture grows, so do concerns about its unintended consequences. 

Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas, frequently reviewing products and leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be carefully regulated.

Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the University of Portsmouth

The paper, published in Psychology and Marketing, warns power of SMIs is creating a worrying consumer landscape. Unlike traditional celebrities, whose fame is typically rooted in institutional settings - such as acting, music, or sports - SMIs gain recognition through social media platforms, often relying on personal branding and consistent engagement with their audiences.

Yuksel Ekinci, Professor of Marketing and Sales at the University of Portsmouth, said: "Many SMIs act as opinion leaders or experts within their respective areas, frequently reviewing products and leveraging their authority, expertise, or relationships with followers to influence purchasing decisions. Some inspire and entertain; others deceive and upset. The deception and damage, and their impact on consumption, need to be carefully regulated."

This study organises the negative aspects of influencer marketing into six key themes:

1. Promotion of harmful products − SMIs often endorse unhealthy or dangerous products such as diet pills, detox teas, and alcohol without full disclosure, influencing consumption habits, particularly among younger audiences.

2. Dissemination of misinformation − many influencers, despite lacking expertise, spread false information about health, politics, and social issues, leading to widespread disinformation.

3. Reinforcement of unrealistic beauty standards − by presenting filtered and curated images, influencers contribute to body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem, and harmful beauty practices.

4. Fostering of comparison culture − influencer-driven content fuels lifestyle envy and social anxiety, leading to negative self-comparison and diminished wellbeing.

5. Deceptive consumption practices − some influencers engage in unethical behaviours such as undisclosed sponsorships, promotion of counterfeit goods, and misleading advertisements, undermining consumer trust.

6. Privacy concerns − the extensive data collection and sharing by influencers raise significant security and regulatory issues, posing risks for both influencers and followers.

Social media influencers hold immense power over consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and industry stakeholders to address these challenges proactively.

Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of Portsmouth

The study calls for more stringent oversight, increased transparency, and ethical marketing strategies to mitigate these risks. Researchers suggest the following strategies for policymakers and marketeers:

Transparency and ethical compliance: brands must enforce clear disclosure policies to ensure responsible influencer partnerships. 

• Regulation and consumer protection: governments should strengthen policies on influencer marketing to prevent deceptive practices and misinformation. 

• Mental health awareness: companies and influencers must prioritize authentic content that promotes well-being rather than unattainable ideals. 

• Data privacy protections: stronger safeguards and awareness campaigns are needed to protect users from privacy breaches and data exploitation.

Dr Georgia Buckle, Research Fellow in the School of Accounting, Economics and Finance at the University of Portsmouth, said: "Social media influencers hold immense power over consumer decisions and cultural norms. While they provide entertainment, inspiration, and brand engagement, the unchecked influence of some SMIs can lead to serious ethical and psychological consequences. Our study highlights the urgency for both academic and industry stakeholders to address these challenges proactively."

This research offers a critical framework for analysing influencer culture beyond its commercial benefits, emphasising the need for ethical marketing practices and a healthier digital ecosystem.


https://www.port.ac.uk/news-events-and-blogs/news/new-research-unv eils-the-dark-side-of-social-media-influencers-and-their-impact-on-mark eting-and-consumer-behaviour
An English teacher implementing Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) methodology is designing a unit on media literacy using the text "New research unveils the 'dark side' of social media influencers" as anchor material. The lesson objectives include developing critical reading skills, expanding academic vocabulary related to marketing and psychology, and fostering critical thinking about digital culture. Aligning with Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) competências gerais emphasizing critical digital literacy and the disciplina Língua Inglesa's focus on expanding students' critical repertoires regarding English-language cultural products and practices, the teacher plans to scaffold student engagement with this complex authentic text. Considering second language reading theory, particularly Krashen's Input Hypothesis requiring comprehensible input (i+1), schema theory's emphasis on activating background knowledge, and BNCC's vision of English education as tool for critical citizenship, which instructional sequence demonstrates the most theoretically sound and pedagogically effective approach?
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Q4035340 Inglês
Reading, from a contemporary perspective, is not a passive decoding activity. What is the role of the reader in the construction of the text?
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Q4035338 Inglês
Read the following sentence: "Although it was raining heavily, they decided to go for a walk." What is the correct interpretation of the relationship between the two clauses?
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Q4034372 Inglês
Digital archeology

The City Gallery presents Filip Popov with his exhibition "Digital Archeology"

With a large exhibition, including works from his most famous cycles, the visual artist Filip Popov will exhibit in the Hall "2019" at 32 Gladstone Street from March 2 to 31.

For the first time the artist makes such a large-scale performance in the city where he was born.

The opening will be on March 2 from 17:00 to 19:30.

The topics that excite the author of the exhibition "Digital Archeology" can be deciphered in the titles of the series of works created over the past 8 years: TransOrganic, Para Bellum, Order, Posthuman, Paleomatic Monologues and Prayers to the latest series - Bunker City and Zero City. As Velizara Ivanova emphasizes in her analysis:

Combining works dating back to 2014, Digital Archeology reflects Philip Popov's continuing focus on the posthumanism and transhumanism, confronting technology and our uncertain future and insight into the way machines are woven into our tomorrow's world. "

Born in 1964 in Plovdiv, Filip Popov spent several years of his childhood in Germany, where he formed his ideas for unity between art, architecture, design and technology. He studied art at the National Academy of Arts in Sofia, moved to Basel to study at the Kunstgewerbeschule, and later lived in Zurich.

He has had solo exhibitions at EASA, West Berlin (1988), EKG, Wetzikon, CH (1993), Binz Foundation 39, Zurich (1994), Kunsthalle Liesthal, CH (1996), ArtFront Gallery, Tokyo (2005). It is presented in the most famous galleries in Sofia and the country. In 2014 he participated in the National Autumn Exhibitions in Plovdiv. Filip Popov exhibits his works in numerous group exhibitions in Bulgaria, Switzerland, Austria, France.


https://www.visitplovdiv.com/en/node/10577
Read the excerpt below:
"For the first time the artist makes such a large-scale performance in the city where he was born."
An English teacher analyzing this sentence with advanced students identifies a potential ambiguity in the noun "performance" within this artistic context. When discussing polysemy, context-dependent meaning, and the semantic challenges this presents for translation into Portuguese, particularly distinguishing between "performance" as artistic presentation versus "performance" as theatrical/live art form, the most linguistically precise interpretation considering the broader textual context of an art exhibition would be_________.

Fill in the blank above and select the correct alternative.
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Q3997826 Inglês

Tom has a big family. He has two sisters and one brother. Every Sunday, they visit their grandmother and have lunch together. Tom loves spending time with his cousins and playing games in the garden."


What do Tom and his family do on Sundays?

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Q3997823 Inglês
Anna always drinks a glass of milk before going to bed. What does Anna do before going to bed?
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Respostas
321: A
322: C
323: A
324: B
325: E
326: C
327: C
328: D
329: A
330: D
331: D
332: A
333: A
334: C
335: B
336: C
337: B
338: A
339: B
340: B