During 16^th century, 5 to 7 million people were believed to speak English as a native language. Due to the colonization of America and other continents, there was a huge expansion in English speakers, either as a native or as a second language, for the 21^st century is believed to hold 450 million English speakers. Having said that, match the second column by using the information provided in the first one, then check the correct answer.
( A ) ENGLISH IN AMERICA ( B ) ENGLISH IN CANADA (C) ENGLISH IN AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND ( D ) ENGLISH IN SOUTH ASIA
( )The spread of English was the consequence of colonies established by New Englanders, who were loyal to Britain, in the 18^th century.
( ) Its English was imported from the language of other Europeans settlers, who were speakers of French, Spanish, Portuguese, German and Dutch. ( ) At the same time, during the 18^th century, settlers arrived from England, Scotland and Ireland adding dialects to the mixture. ( ) British settlers adopted local words from aboriginal languages to describe cultural objects and specific practices. ( ) Successful settlements at Chesapeake Bay, which were named as Jamestown and Virginia by the colonists, and also a settlement in Massachusetts named Plymouth by the Puritans, who arrived on the Mayflower, were important steps for the spread of English. ( ) The influx of English speakers resulted in a dramatic decline of the Maori language. ( ) When heard, it is similar to American English and, when spelled, it follows British conventions. ( ) Its English origins lie in Britain, for it was established as language in India, Singapore and Hong Kong. ( ) It is spoken by over 22 million people in Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka as a second language.

Read the text below.

The Postmethod Pedagogy is an alternative to method rather than a method, while alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes.
KUMARAVADIVELU, 2003, p. 33.

This postmethod

Read the text below.

You will need some knowledge of English intonation patterns if you are to understand English grammar more fully. This is because features of intonation are important for signalling grammatical distinctions, such as that between statements and questions. For example, a sentence like They are leaving can be a statement when said with falling intonation, but a question with rising intonation.

LEECH, G.; SVARTVIK, J., 2012, p. 33.

What is the importance of the intonation for speaking english?

Spoken and written English do not have different grammars, but the shared English grammar is used differently on the two channels. For the benefit of those who want to acquire good, all-round communicative competence we will therefore indicate in this book many such differences in the use of English grammar. So, 

Read the text below.

The summaries of ‘Deutsche Kastanien’ by students from France and Germany confirm my hypothesis that the genre summary (French résumé, GermanZusammenfassung) is a culturallymarked genre. Representative samples of each cultural group are reproduced below. They show that the summaries by the American and French learners of German (cf. summary 7) remain close to the human interest story and its factual aspects, whereas the summaries by the German native speakers (summaries 8, 9 and 10) focus on the larger problem, of which Ender’s story is only an illustration.

KRAMSCH, 1993, p. 10.

From this perspective, the study of language encompasses

What is the two views of learners authonomy Postmethod Pedagogy takes into account?

Read the text below.

The postmethod condition is a sustainable state of affairs that compels us to fundamentally restructure our view of language teaching and teacher education. It urges us to review the character and content of classroom teaching in all its pedagogical and ideological perspectives. It drives us to streamline our teacher education by refiguring the reified relationship between theory and practice.

KUMARAVADIVELU, B. Understanding language teaching: from method to postmethod. Marhwah: Erlbaum, 2006. in: Language teacher education for a global society. Routledge: Taylor& Francis, 2012, p. 170.

So, Postmethod Pedagogy is a three-dimensional system consisting of three pedagogic parameters:

In a recent interpretation of the learning objectives of communicative language teaching, Savignon (2002, p. 114– 115) considers the five goal areas, (known as Five Cs: communication, cultures, connections, comparisons, and communities) agreed upon as National Standards for Foreign Language Learning in the United States as representing a holistic, communicative approach to language learning. In this way, the cultures goal area

English can not be treated as a homogenous and stable Entity. The English language is spoken by many people in different places. So language identities can be formed outside predefined national and linguistic communities. In this way teachers and researchers 

Leia o texto a seguir.

(...) o inglês tem se tornado cada vez mais importante como meio de comunicação internacional. Assim, é muito importante para seus alunos desenvolver uma atitude positiva em relação à língua e ao conhecimento para usá-los com êxito. Precisam desenvolver estratégias de aprendizado para que esse aprendizado continue fora da sala de aula tanto quanto dentro dela.

HOLDEN, S. O ensino da língua inglesa nos dias atuais. São Paulo, SBS, 2009, p. 12.


Partindo da perspectiva de Susan Holden, a respeito do ensino de língua inglesa, o falante não nativo de inglês

Based on the Approaches and Methods in English Language Teaching, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach with a theoretical underpinning that a language is for communication.

( ) The Audiolingual Approach is based on a structuralist view of language and draws on the psychology of behaviourism as the basis of its learning theory, employing stimulus and response.

( ) The Lexical Approach is an approach based on the notion that language comprises lexical units (chunks, collocations, and fixed phrases). Grammar is secondary and is acquired through learning these chunks.

( ) The Grammar Translation sees the process of learning a second language as a cognitive task, with learners as intelligent autonomous individuals, who can infer language use from well-structured input.

The statements are, respectively:

According to the Base Curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Palhoça, Matriz curricular 16, choose the alternative that presents the Grammar topics for the 6th grade.

Study these sentences below and decide if they are true ( T ) or false ( F ), according to the Base Curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Palhoça document.

( ) No Componente Curricular Eixo/Nível III e IV o tempo de ensino é composto de 8 anos cada.

( ) A carga horária deverá ser de 800 dias / 3.200 horas/aulas, que corresponde a dez fases/ semestres de efetivo trabalho escolar, para o cômputo do total do Ensino Fundamental.

( ) Cada Eixo/Nível do Componente Curricular corresponde a dois semestres/fases do ano, totalizando quatro Eixos/ Níveis, o que equivale a oito semestres/fases, para conclusão do Ensino Fundamental de EJA.

( ) A carga horária na EJA para o período diurno é o mesmo para a EJA do período noturno, de quatro horas diárias de sala.

Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

According to the Base Curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Palhoça, Matriz Curricular (table 18 EJA) “adjectives: comparative and superlative forms” is an English language concept studied in the:

In the Base Curricular da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Palhoça document, table 16 EJA 6th grade of elementary school, which Reading strategy topic is developed?

There are several differences between spoken and written language (Mewburn, Firth & Lehmann, 2019). We can characterize spoken language as quite informal, colloquial and presumably unstructured. Written language, on the other hand, is generally more structured, formal, impersonal and wordy (https://documents.uow.edu.au/content/groups/pu blic/@web/@stsv/@ld/documents/doc/uow195597. pdf). Read the sentences and classify them in spoken or written language.

- It’s a tiring sport, squash.

- I am a hardworking person who would love to work at your company.

- See the match last night?

- Kimchi is a traditional Korean dish, consisting of fermented vegetables.

When we learn a language, there are some skills that we need for it. They are essential components of language proficiency and are typically emphasized in language learning and teaching programs to ensure learners develop well-rounded communicative abilities. Read the skills definitions and match to their name.

- It is the verbal expression of your thoughts and ideas.

- It refers to understanding, interpreting, and analyzing the speaker's message.

- It helps understand different texts, their context and inference.

- It involves presenting your thoughts in the form of text in a structured and organized manner.

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is where a subject is taught in the target language rather than the first language of the learners. Choose the incorrect option that is not related to this approach.