Questões de Concurso Comentadas sobre ensino da língua estrangeira inglesa em inglês

Foram encontradas 2.003 questões

Q3430812 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    It is suggested that the field of language teaching has moved away from a reliance on prescriptive methods towards a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of language learning. For example, Richards and Rodgers (1986) note that there have been calls to abandon the search for a single “supermethod” and to instead focus on equipping teachers with “a repertoire of methods and skills that can be used selectively in different contexts”. This reflects a move away from the idea that there is one “right” way to teach language, and towards an approach that values flexibility, adaptability, and a recognition of the diverse contexts in which language learning takes place (Richards, 2001).


    Realistically speaking, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages; up till now, no method has been empirically proven the best for all language educators to blindly adopt without discussion. For example, the current great enthusiasm for (and wide adoption of) the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) method in Egypt can be attributed to the failure of the previously adopted method (i.e. the Grammar-Translation Method) to meet the national language learning goals. It failed to develop a language learner who can communicate properly in English. This does not mean that the CLT will stay forever, especially in this Information and Communication Technology-dominated age (ICT) that has been changing the nature of language and how it should be taught (Abdallah, 2011).


(M. Abdallah, 2024. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED660475.pdf. Adaptado) 
A teacher is going to use this text with the students, and intends to practice with them the reading strategy called inference. In order to do this, they will ask their students to
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Q3430809 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) is an approach which is neither language learning nor subject learning, but an amalgam of both and is linked to the processes of convergence – the fusion of elements which may have been previously fragmented, such as subjects in the curriculum. This is where CLIL is groundbreaking.


    To give a parallel example common in recent times, we can take studies on the environment. A seminal publication on the subject in the 1960s later led to a need to educate young people in schools so as to both inform and, perhaps more crucially, influence behavior. Topics relating to the environment could already be found in chemistry, economics, geography, physics, and even psychology. Yet, as climate change became increasingly worrying, education responded with the introduction of a new subject: “Environmental studies”.


    In order to structure this new subject, teachers of different disciplines would have needed to climb out of their respective mindsets grounded in physics, chemistry, geography, psychology and so on, to explore ways of building an integrated curriculum, and to develop alternative methodologies by which to implement it. Climate change is a global and local phenomenon, so the increasing availability in some countries of information and communication technologies during the 1990s provided tools by which to make some of these methodologies operational.


    If we return to languages and CLIL, we have a similar situation. The late 1990s meant that educational insight was firmly set on achieving a high degree of language awareness. Appropriate methodologies were to be used to attain the best possible results in a way which accommodated diverse learning styles.


(D. Coyle, P. Hood, D. Marsh. CLIL: content language integrated learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2010.)
According to the text, CLIL presupposes
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Q3430802 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    Language learning styles and strategies are among the main factors that help determine how – and how well – our students learn a second or foreign language. The term L2 is used in this text to refer to either a second or a foreign language, following the tradition in our field.


    Learning styles are the general approaches – global or analytic, auditory or visual – that students use in acquiring a new language or in learning any other subject. These styles are “the overall patterns that give general direction to learning behavior” (Cornett 1983, p. 9). Of great relevance is this statement: “Learning style is the biologically and developmentally imposed set of characteristics that make the same teaching method wonderful for some and terrible for others” (Dunn and Griggs 1988, p. 3).


    Learning strategies are defined as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques – such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task – used by students to enhance their own learning” (Scarcella and Oxford 1992, p. 63). When the learner consciously chooses strategies that fit his or her learning style and the L2 task at hand, these strategies become a useful tool-kit for active, conscious, and purposeful self-regulation of learning. Learning strategies can be classified into six types: cognitive, metacognitive, memoryrelated, compensatory, affective, and social.


(M. Celce-Murcia, 2001. Adaptado)
Enquanto estratégias auxiliam a aquisição da língua estrangeira, outros fatores interferem na aprendizagem. Um desses fatores é a “transferência negativa” – a aplicação inadequada de elementos da língua materna na produção da língua sendo aprendida.

Assinale a alternativa em que pode ser observada transferência negativa na construção da frase.
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Q3430798 Inglês
Read the text to answer question:


    Language learning styles and strategies are among the main factors that help determine how – and how well – our students learn a second or foreign language. The term L2 is used in this text to refer to either a second or a foreign language, following the tradition in our field.


    Learning styles are the general approaches – global or analytic, auditory or visual – that students use in acquiring a new language or in learning any other subject. These styles are “the overall patterns that give general direction to learning behavior” (Cornett 1983, p. 9). Of great relevance is this statement: “Learning style is the biologically and developmentally imposed set of characteristics that make the same teaching method wonderful for some and terrible for others” (Dunn and Griggs 1988, p. 3).


    Learning strategies are defined as “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques – such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task – used by students to enhance their own learning” (Scarcella and Oxford 1992, p. 63). When the learner consciously chooses strategies that fit his or her learning style and the L2 task at hand, these strategies become a useful tool-kit for active, conscious, and purposeful self-regulation of learning. Learning strategies can be classified into six types: cognitive, metacognitive, memoryrelated, compensatory, affective, and social.


(M. Celce-Murcia, 2001. Adaptado)
A autora menciona o uso do termo “L2” para designar o inglês tanto como língua estrangeira quanto como segunda língua. A BNCC adota o conceito de língua franca para o inglês a ser ensinado nas escolas. A opção por esse conceito, como mencionado na BNCC, implica
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Q3430794 Inglês
Read the oral exchange:

Speaker: Repeat after me. I...
Crowd: I...
Speaker: State your name...
Crowd: State your name...
(https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/RepeatAfterMe)

The words “Repeat after me” are characteristic of English learning courses and classes that follow the approach named
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Q3430493 Inglês
After carrying out the examination of the abilities’ list, as described in the Parâmetros Curriculares-PCNs for foreign language instrucion, choose the corresponding area they belong in.

a) Selecting the register which fits the communication situationand the words that best convey the idea one intends to forward.
b) Employing cohesion and coherence resources in oral and written production.
c) Using verbal and nonverbal strategies to mske up for the flops, enhancing effective communication, and reaching higher levels in production and Reading.
d) Knowing and applying modern foreign language as a means/tool to access information, other cultures, and social groups.
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Q3430491 Inglês

Analyse the information given below to answer



Undertanding the language as a means of communication which is predominantly oral, rather than written, considering language teaching inductive, and not necessarily conscious is its base. In terms of pedagogic theory, inductive teaching happens through practice, so that students should be encouraged to answer questions, thus learning how to speak, speaking. Translation must be avoided, therefore, in order to construct understanding, teachers associate lexicon and object, in concrete relationships, what is supposed to lead to abstract ideas, in such a way that those will always be linked to concrete concepts. The sociolinguistic base for teaching is the language employed by native speakers in everyday communicative interactions, that is, in simulations that introduce dialogues, for example, in a restaurant, at the supermarket.




The development of several methods and approaches with the purpose of teaching/learning English has given rise to much debate and discussion. As to the description put forward, it is compliant with:
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Q3425093 Inglês
Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

    Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

    These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

    Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place. Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

    What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
The authors claim that teachers consider procedures more relevant than methods when preparing their lessons. It happens because of
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Q3425083 Inglês

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


    Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


    Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity  that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


    However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

According to Text 1, the oficial documents for english language teaching should 
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Q3425082 Inglês

Read Text 1 and answer question.


TEXT 1


English Language Teaching in Brazil:

A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice


    Only three percent of Brazilians are estimated to speak English despite the status of this language as a mandatory subject in grades 10 to 12 of basic education and preferred foreign language in grades 5 to 9. The widespread concept in the Brazilian society that speaking English is beneficial to individuals because it provides access to the globalised world does not seem to be enough to promote the actual learning of the language by the majority of the population, and it is argued here that this fact has to do with a gap in the foreign language teaching policy documents: the 2015 National Education Guidelines and Framework Law (LDB 2015), the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Primary Education (PCN-EF), and the Brazilian National Curriculum Parameters for Secondary Education (PCN-EM). These documents do not prescribe the necessary conditions for English Language Teaching (ELT) to take place effectively, but, instead, provide suggestions for teachers on how to adapt to the status quo, which means focusing on reading to the detriment of the other aspects of the English language due to a number of factors ranging from a lack of resources to a large number of students per class.


    Both PCN-EF (Brazil, 1998) and PCN-EM (Brazil, 2000) present progressive ideas about how a foreign language should be taught in the basic education classroom. Such ideas include a social interactionist view of language, which aligns with contemporary research in second language teaching and means a shift from the traditional grammar-translation method largely employed in Brazilian schools in previous decades. The Parameters also recommend interdisciplinary work, the implementation of cross-curricular themes, formative assessment in addition to summative, a value of students’ prior knowledge and position as critical subjects, and, thus, an approach to teaching as negotiation that aims to educate students for the full exercise of citizenship, which includes the notions of respect for difference and diversity  that can be promoted by the teaching and learning of foreign languages.


    However, the Parameters fail in pointing out the necessary conditions for this teaching and learning process to occur. For example, they acknowledge that reading and writing should be focused on to the detriment of listening and speaking due to the difficulties faced by the teacher in basic education (Brazil, 1998): large classrooms, lack of appropriate resources including class and preparation time for the teacher and opportunities for the students to be exposed to the language outside the classroom, and, in many situations, teachers’ lack of knowledge of the subject matter. Instead, what they should do is to actively propose that a smaller number of students sit in English classes – as it was allowed by LDB 1996 and continues to be so by LDB 2015, that more class and preparation time be granted the teacher, that schools have English resources that students can access to familiarise themselves with the language, and that better teacher education be implemented.


BATISTA, Fernanda. English Language Teaching in Brazil: A Gap in Policy, Problems in Practice. 2020. Disponível em: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1262339.pdf. Acesso em 30/12/2023 Adaptado.

The author points out that the sociointeractionist view for english learning, which can be found in oficial documents, does not materialize because these same documents  
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Q3418941 Inglês
Leia as afirmativas seguintes sobre a abordagem comunicativa e suas implicações para o ensino de inglês como língua adicional (LAd}, e marque a alternativa correta.

l- Na abordagem comunicativa no ensino de inglês, o desenvolvimento da gramática é a principal prioridade, com o objetivo de garantir que os alunos adquiram um conhecimento sólido das regras gramaticais da língua. Embora a comunicação seja valorizada, ela é considerada secundária em relação à precisão gramatical. Portanto, as atividades de sala de aula são projetadas para enfatizar a prática da gramática por meio de exercícios de preenchimento de lacunas, traduções e análise estrutural de frases.
ll- Uma das características-chave da abordagem comunicativa no ensino de inglês é o uso de materiais autênticos, como textos, vídeos e áudios, que refletem a língua em uso real. Esses materiais proporcionam aos alunos uma exposição autêntica à língua, ajudando-os a desenvolver suas habilidades de compreensão auditiva, leitura e interpretação. Ao interagir com esses materiais, os alunos têm a oportunidade de aprender vocabulário contextualizado e estruturas gramaticais em um contexto significativo e relevante. 
Ill-. A abordagem comunicativa no ensino de inglês enfatiza a comunicação real em situações autênticas, proporcionando aos alunos oportunidades significativas para desenvolver suas habilidades linguísticas. Ao invés de focar exclusivamente na gramática e no vocabulário, os alunos são encorajados a interagir em atividades que espelham situações da vida real, como diálogos de role-playing, discussões colaborativos. Essa em grupo abordagem e projetos promove uma aprendizagem mais dinâmica e envolvente, em que os alunos se sentem motivados a utilizar a língua de forma prática e funcional. 
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Q3418936 Inglês
Observe os cenários descritos nos itens a seguir, e marque a alternativa que apresenta os tipos de avaliação descritos, respectivamente.

I- Ao final do semestre, os alunos realizam um exame escrito abrangente que aborda todo o conteúdo ensinado no curso de EFL, incluindo gramática, vocabulário, habilidades de leitura, escrita, compreensão auditiva e expressão oral.
lI- Antes de iniciar uma nova unidade sobre questões ambientais, o professor aplica um teste preliminar para avaliar o conhecimento prévio dos alunos sobre vocabulário relacionado ao meio ambiente e sua capacidade de discutir tópicos ambientais.
IlI- Durante uma atividade de fala em uma aula de inglês como língua estrangeira (EFL), o professor avalia a pronúncia, fluência e uso de vocabulário dos alunos. Após a atividade, o professor dá feedback e sugere maneiras de melhorar. 
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Q3418935 Inglês
Leia as afirmativas seguintes sobre gêneros textuais e suas implicações para o ensino de inglês como língua adicional (LAd), e marque a alternativa correta.
I- No ensino de inglês, o uso de gêneros textuais é fundamental para promover uma compreensão mais ampla e profunda da linguagem. Ao expor os alunos a uma variedade de textos, como narrativas, artigos de jornal, cartas e ensaios, os professores podem ajudá-los a desenvolver habilidades de leitura crítica, compreensão auditiva e expressão escrita. Além disso, trabalhar com diferentes gêneros textuais permite aos alunos aprenderem sobre as convenções linguísticas e estruturais específicas de cada tipo de texto, preparando-os para comunicarem-se de forma eficaz em situações reais.
lI- Os gêneros textuais no ensino de inglês são uma ferramenta valiosa para promover a aprendizagem significativa e a motivação dos alunos. Ao trabalhar com uma variedade de textos autênticos, os alunos têm a oportunidade de se envolver com temas relevantes e interessantes, desenvolvendo suas habilidades linguísticas de maneira contextualizada. Além disso, o uso de gêneros textuais permite aos professores adaptarem seu ensino às necessidades e interesses individuais dos alunos, tornando a aprendizagem mais personalizada e eficaz.
IlI- O ensino com gêneros textuais abrange principalmente a proficiência na escrita. Os alunos aprendem a se expressar especificamente em contextos acadêmicos, com foco em ensaios, relatórios, artigos e outros textos formais. A instrução enfatiza o desenvolvimento da clareza e precisão gramatical. Os professores oferecem oportunidades para os alunos praticarem a escrita para fins acadêmicos, incentivando o pensamento discursivo e crítico.  
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Q3418933 Inglês
Uma das estratégias de leitura em língua adicional é mover rapidamente os olhos sobre o texto em busca de palavras-chave ou frases que correspondam à informação desejada. Essa estratégia, que permite aos alunos localizarem a informação necessária de forma mais eficiente, sem precisar ler o texto em sua totalidade, é chamada de: 
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Q3418928 Inglês
De acordo com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular BNCC, no que diz respeito às competências específicas de língua inglesa para o ensino fundamental, analise as afirmativas seguintes e marque a alternativa correta.

I Identificar o lugar de si como falante de língua estrangeira pertencente a um país monolingue, refletindo, criticamente, sobre como a aprendizagem da língua inglesa contribui para a inserção desse país no mundo globalizado, inclusive no que concerne ao mundo do trabalho.
lI- Comunicar-se na língua inglesa, por meio do uso variado de linguagens em mídias impressas ou digitais, reconhecendo-a como ferramenta de acesso ao conhecimento, de ampliação das perspectivas e de possibilidades para a compreensão dos valores e interesses de outras culturas e para o exercício do protagonismo social.
IlI- Elaborar repertórios linguístico-discursivos da língua inglesa, usados em diferentes países e por grupos sociais distintos dentro de um mesmo país, de modo a reconhecer a diversidade linguística como direito e valorizar os usos heterogêneos, híbridos e multimodais emergentes nas sociedades contemporâneas.
IV- Conhecer diferentes patrimônios culturais, materiais e imateriais, difundidos na língua inglesa, com vistas ao exercício da fruição e da ampliação de perspectivas no contato com diferentes manifestações artístico-culturais. 
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Q3415788 Inglês
The Communicative Approach in language teaching prioritizes:
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Q3415787 Inglês
Total Physical Response (TPR) is based on the idea that language learning is most effective when it involves:
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Q3414338 Inglês
Analyze the use of articles in the sentences below.

I. I hope you have an lovely day.
II. Do you usually watch the stars?
III. John thinks we’re a united group.

Choose the correct answer.
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Q3412600 Inglês
TEXT 2

THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC GAP IN FOREIGNLANGUAGE LEARNING

Teaching foreign languages has become a major goal for many education systems around the world. In today’s increasingly interconnected world, speaking multiple languages improves employability, fosters respect for people from other cultures, and gives young people direct access to content that would otherwise be inaccessible, including literature, music, theatre and cinema (OECD, 2020a).

For the first time in 2018, PISA asked students whether they studied foreign languages at school and how much class time they had on foreign languages per week. Results show that learning foreign languages is widely available to 15-year-olds in today’s education systems. However, these opportunities are not evenly distributed among students of different socio-economic status: students in advantaged schools have more opportunities to learn foreign languages than students in disadvantaged schools. These socioeconomic disparities in foreign-language instruction time are telling as they correlate to inequity in student achievement in other areas – in reading, for example. These results suggest the existence of a social divide not previously measured that leaves some students unprepared for effective communication with others from different cultural and language backgrounds.

Excerpt extracted and adapted from: https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2021/ 11/the-socio-economic-gap-in-foreign-languagelearning_c357eab2/953199e1-en.pdf
Still based on Text 2, which of the following areas does PISA specifically investigate regarding language learning?
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Q3412594 Inglês
TEXT 1

LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TODAY

Until a few years ago, learning a foreign language took place largely in the classroom, within an education system. It usually meant learning grammar rules and vocabulary, doing written exercises, reading specially written texts and answering comprehension questions and - possibly - listening to recorded texts (and answering further comprehension questions about these, too). A lot of people learned the language this way; in fact, you may have done so yourself.

However, some adults who first experienced a foreign language at school in the past did not have much success with it. This was often because they could only see the difficulties, such as the differences between the L1 and the target language (L2). They often became demotivated and decided that English was too difficult, that it had no real use for them, and many of them gave it up as soon as they could. They joined the large worldwide community of unsuccessful foreign language learners.

Today, however, because English is so widely available on the web, and in social media, as well as in many workplaces, it has become a reality - and even a requirement - for a great many people. As a result, it is much easier to see the connection between what is done in the classroom and the use of the language in the outside world, and to ensure that the first can be seen to be a practical preparation for the second.

Excerpt extracted and adapted from: HOLDEN, Susan; NOBRE, Vinícius. Teaching English today: Contexts and objectives. São Paulo: HUB Editorial, 2028 p. 3-4. 
According to Text 1, learning a foreign language in the past usually meant “learning grammar rules and vocabulary, doing written exercises, reading specially written texts, and answering comprehension questions”. Based on this information, which teaching method or approach below best describes the combination of this set of practices? 
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Respostas
761: E
762: B
763: C
764: A
765: C
766: D
767: B
768: B
769: E
770: E
771: D
772: D
773: D
774: C
775: A
776: B
777: B
778: C
779: C
780: B