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“Hei de vencer. Hei de vencer. Hei de vencer” –
como o mantra da autoajuda pode te derrotar
Daniel Martins de Barros
O mantra da autoajuda, de visualizar o sucesso, é um passo para o fracasso. Felizmente, existem alternativas para nos motivar sem prejudicar o desempenho.
Uma das técnicas mais ensinadas por gurus da autoajuda diz que, para alcançar um objetivo, nós temos que visualizar nosso sucesso. Se conseguirmos nos ver no alto do pódio, ou na cadeira de chefe, tirando uma nota dez que seja, essas metas são alcançadas, já que o cérebro se convence do seu sucesso de antemão. Uma versão sofisticada do velho mantra “Hei de vencer”. Muito interessante. Pena que não funciona.
Quando pesquisadores resolveram testar a ideia perceberam que tais técnicas não eram apenas inúteis, eram prejudiciais. Alunos que “visualizavam” boas notas acreditavam mesmo que iriam bem nas provas, e por isso mesmo deixavam de estudar. Resultado? Bomba! Pessoas em dieta que se imaginavam resistindo bravamente aos alimentos calóricos caíam mais nas tentações do que aqueles que eram instruídos a lembrar que a carne é fraca.
Mas nem tudo está perdido. Existem sim técnicas motivacionais que podem nos levar a melhorar nossa performance. O segredo é o foco. Vale recitar mantra ou tentar a visualização, mas em vez de se voltar para o resultado final, é importante pensar no processo. Um estudo on-line com mais de quarenta mil pessoas testou diferentes abordagens. O desafio era um jogo de atenção e velocidade, no qual tinham que clicar nos números de 1 a 36, embaralhados numa matriz de 6×6, na sequência correta. Para aumentar a pressão, o jogo era contra um oponente (na verdade, um software, mas os voluntários não sabiam disso). Diversas intervenções foram testadas, mas as que melhoraram o desempenho dos jogadores foram as que os instruíam a visualizar (ou recitar para si mesmos) não o resultado, mas os processos ou os outcomes (que em inglês mais do que resultado, traz a noção de consequência, desenlace). A instrução com foco no processo era “Quero que você se veja jogando, sabendo que dessa vez você pode reagir mais rapidamente”. Note que a ênfase está na velocidade de reação, em vez de no resultado dela. Já para o outcome era “Quero que você se veja jogando, e se imagine batendo o score anterior” Novamente, não basta se ver “vencendo”, mas melhorando em relação ao esforço anterior.
Dizem que tudo o que a gente pode pensar já foi descoberto na Grécia Antiga. Bom, se é verdade que ter certeza da vitória nos leva a colocar menos esforço na tarefa (aumentando as chances de derrota), e se está provado que o foco tem que ser no processo e não no resultado, então, mil anos atrás, Esopo já havia ensinado essa lição. Nem todos irão concordar comigo, mas essa parece ser uma moral possível de se tirar da fábula sobre a lebre e a tartaruga, na qual a ligeira lebre perde uma corrida para a lerda tartaruga. Acreditando na vitória fácil, ela cai no sono, enquanto a tartaruga vence por manter o foco no esforço. As lições da fábula variam muito, desde “Quanto maior a pressa, pior a velocidade”, até “O sucesso depende de usar os talentos, não apenas de tê-los”. Mas nós bem poderíamos acrescentar: “Quem acredita que a vitória é certa, certamente acaba derrotado”.
Adaptado de: http://vida-estilo.estadao.com.br/blogs/daniel-martinsde-barros/hei-de-vencer-hei-de-vencer-hei-de-vencer-como-o-mantra-da-autoajuda-pode-te-derrotar/
A expressão “Bomba!”, que aparece no terceiro parágrafo do TEXTO 1, tem sentido pejorativo e refere-se, no contexto em que foi utilizada, tanto ao fato de que os alunos muito autoconfiantes iam, por esse motivo, mal nas provas, quanto aos possíveis anabolizantes ingeridos pelas pessoas em dieta que caíam mais nas tentações.
“Hei de vencer. Hei de vencer. Hei de vencer” –
como o mantra da autoajuda pode te derrotar
Daniel Martins de Barros
O mantra da autoajuda, de visualizar o sucesso, é um passo para o fracasso. Felizmente, existem alternativas para nos motivar sem prejudicar o desempenho.
Uma das técnicas mais ensinadas por gurus da autoajuda diz que, para alcançar um objetivo, nós temos que visualizar nosso sucesso. Se conseguirmos nos ver no alto do pódio, ou na cadeira de chefe, tirando uma nota dez que seja, essas metas são alcançadas, já que o cérebro se convence do seu sucesso de antemão. Uma versão sofisticada do velho mantra “Hei de vencer”. Muito interessante. Pena que não funciona.
Quando pesquisadores resolveram testar a ideia perceberam que tais técnicas não eram apenas inúteis, eram prejudiciais. Alunos que “visualizavam” boas notas acreditavam mesmo que iriam bem nas provas, e por isso mesmo deixavam de estudar. Resultado? Bomba! Pessoas em dieta que se imaginavam resistindo bravamente aos alimentos calóricos caíam mais nas tentações do que aqueles que eram instruídos a lembrar que a carne é fraca.
Mas nem tudo está perdido. Existem sim técnicas motivacionais que podem nos levar a melhorar nossa performance. O segredo é o foco. Vale recitar mantra ou tentar a visualização, mas em vez de se voltar para o resultado final, é importante pensar no processo. Um estudo on-line com mais de quarenta mil pessoas testou diferentes abordagens. O desafio era um jogo de atenção e velocidade, no qual tinham que clicar nos números de 1 a 36, embaralhados numa matriz de 6×6, na sequência correta. Para aumentar a pressão, o jogo era contra um oponente (na verdade, um software, mas os voluntários não sabiam disso). Diversas intervenções foram testadas, mas as que melhoraram o desempenho dos jogadores foram as que os instruíam a visualizar (ou recitar para si mesmos) não o resultado, mas os processos ou os outcomes (que em inglês mais do que resultado, traz a noção de consequência, desenlace). A instrução com foco no processo era “Quero que você se veja jogando, sabendo que dessa vez você pode reagir mais rapidamente”. Note que a ênfase está na velocidade de reação, em vez de no resultado dela. Já para o outcome era “Quero que você se veja jogando, e se imagine batendo o score anterior” Novamente, não basta se ver “vencendo”, mas melhorando em relação ao esforço anterior.
Dizem que tudo o que a gente pode pensar já foi descoberto na Grécia Antiga. Bom, se é verdade que ter certeza da vitória nos leva a colocar menos esforço na tarefa (aumentando as chances de derrota), e se está provado que o foco tem que ser no processo e não no resultado, então, mil anos atrás, Esopo já havia ensinado essa lição. Nem todos irão concordar comigo, mas essa parece ser uma moral possível de se tirar da fábula sobre a lebre e a tartaruga, na qual a ligeira lebre perde uma corrida para a lerda tartaruga. Acreditando na vitória fácil, ela cai no sono, enquanto a tartaruga vence por manter o foco no esforço. As lições da fábula variam muito, desde “Quanto maior a pressa, pior a velocidade”, até “O sucesso depende de usar os talentos, não apenas de tê-los”. Mas nós bem poderíamos acrescentar: “Quem acredita que a vitória é certa, certamente acaba derrotado”.
Adaptado de: http://vida-estilo.estadao.com.br/blogs/daniel-martinsde-barros/hei-de-vencer-hei-de-vencer-hei-de-vencer-como-o-mantra-da-autoajuda-pode-te-derrotar/
Conforme o TEXTO 1, existem técnicas motivacionais que podem contribuir para o desempenho do indivíduo diante de um objetivo, fato comprovado por experimentos que demonstram que o foco deve ser mantido no processo que levará à conquista, entretanto as técnicas que ensinam a visualizar o sucesso final como garantido prejudicam a performance.
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Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport
For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds.
The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing 737-
800 belonging to the airline Gol _____ took off for Fortaleza.
The bird entered one of the two motors, causing serious troubles.
Because of the problem, the plane returned to Guarulhos almost
two hours after taking off. The aircraft had to use fuel to land with
less weight.
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Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport
For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds.
The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing 737-
800 belonging to the airline Gol _____ took off for Fortaleza.
The bird entered one of the two motors, causing serious troubles.
Because of the problem, the plane returned to Guarulhos almost
two hours after taking off. The aircraft had to use fuel to land with
less weight.
Read the text and answer question.
Another plane returns to Guarulhos airport
For the second day consecutive, an airplane had to return to Guarulhos airport, after being hit by birds.
The incident happened on Wednesday (27) with a Boeing 737-
800 belonging to the airline Gol _____ took off for Fortaleza.
The bird entered one of the two motors, causing serious troubles.
Because of the problem, the plane returned to Guarulhos almost
two hours after taking off. The aircraft had to use fuel to land with
less weight.
Read the text and answer question.
Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro Leaving Two Deaths
The Rio Fire Department says two people died __ Thursday, April 21, after a part __ the recently inaugurated bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, __ the south zone of Rio de Janeiro.
The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff, hanging over the sea
The path is a connection between Leblon beach and São Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$ 44,7 million.
Glossary
Hanging over – suspenso sobre
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Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro Leaving Two Deaths
The Rio Fire Department says two people died __ Thursday, April 21, after a part __ the recently inaugurated bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, __ the south zone of Rio de Janeiro.
The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff, hanging over the sea
The path is a connection between Leblon beach and São Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$ 44,7 million.
Glossary
Hanging over – suspenso sobre
Read the text and answer question.
Part of New Bicycle Path Collapses in Rio de Janeiro Leaving Two Deaths
The Rio Fire Department says two people died __ Thursday, April 21, after a part __ the recently inaugurated bicycle path on Niemeyer avenue, __ the south zone of Rio de Janeiro.
The path was named after Brazilian singer Tim Maia and is located between Niemeyer avenue and a cliff, hanging over the sea
The path is a connection between Leblon beach and São Conrado, both in the city’s south zone. The bike path was inaugurated earlier this year, on January 17, and cost R$ 44,7 million.
Glossary
Hanging over – suspenso sobre
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April
There was a nice little girl which name was April.
One day, she asked her parents why she was called April. They answered that it was because she was born in April. The little girl liked her name and the month April too. Her parents made her a party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she received a lot of presents.
One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came and suggested names for the new baby.
April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby was
born in February, the correct name should be February.
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April
There was a nice little girl which name was April.
One day, she asked her parents why she was called April. They answered that it was because she was born in April. The little girl liked her name and the month April too. Her parents made her a party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she received a lot of presents.
One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came and suggested names for the new baby.
April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby was
born in February, the correct name should be February.
Read the text and answer question.
April
There was a nice little girl which name was April.
One day, she asked her parents why she was called April. They answered that it was because she was born in April. The little girl liked her name and the month April too. Her parents made her a party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she received a lot of presents.
One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came and suggested names for the new baby.
April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby was
born in February, the correct name should be February.
Read the text and answer question.
April
There was a nice little girl which name was April.
One day, she asked her parents why she was called April. They answered that it was because she was born in April. The little girl liked her name and the month April too. Her parents made her a party, all her friends celebrated with her, and she received a lot of presents.
One day her mother became pregnant and April had a little brother. Her brother was born in February and everybody came and suggested names for the new baby.
April didn’t understand what the problem was. If the baby was
born in February, the correct name should be February.
Read the text and answer the question.
The Antique store
Anita Jameson and Steve Weaver are antique dealers. They have a very successful business. They travel around the country buying antique furniture and paintings from flea markets, antique stores, and elderly people. Steve has just come out of a little antique store, and he seems very excited.
According to the text, we can affirm that
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Olympic Sports
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took place once again in Athens. This time athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28 sports. Only five sports have been in every Olympic Games.
Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.
Read the text and answer the question.
Olympic Sports
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took place once again in Athens. This time athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28 sports. Only five sports have been in every Olympic Games.
Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.
Read the text and answer the question.
Olympic Sports
The first modern Olympic Games took place in Athens, Greece, in the year 1896. Athletes from only 13 countries participated in the Games that year. They competed in 43 different events in just 9 sports (track and field, swimming, cycling, fencing, gymnastics, shooting, tennis, weight lifting, and wrestling). In 2004, the Olympic Games took place once again in Athens. This time athletes from 202 countries competed in 300 events in 28 sports. Only five sports have been in every Olympic Games.
Fonte: adapted from Thoughts and Notions.
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Bento boxes
People in offices in Japan often have a bento at lunchtime.
They do not eat a meal in a restaurant; they eat a bento in the
office. They regularly have a menu for the bentos in the office
and they telephone a bento store with their orders. The people at
bento store make the bentos and take them to all the offices at
about 12p.m.
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Bento boxes
People in offices in Japan often have a bento at lunchtime.
They do not eat a meal in a restaurant; they eat a bento in the
office. They regularly have a menu for the bentos in the office
and they telephone a bento store with their orders. The people at
bento store make the bentos and take them to all the offices at
about 12p.m.
Read the text and answer question.
Bento boxes
People in offices in Japan often have a bento at lunchtime.
They do not eat a meal in a restaurant; they eat a bento in the
office. They regularly have a menu for the bentos in the office
and they telephone a bento store with their orders. The people at
bento store make the bentos and take them to all the offices at
about 12p.m.
Read the text and answer question.
Sam’s adventure
It’s a very hot Texas night; 35ºC! Sam can’t sleep. He’s hot and he’s hungry. He goes to the kitchen. He cooks some fried bananas. But he forgets to turn off the gas. He leaves the kitchen and goes to the pool. His parents are asleep; they don’t know about his adventure.
He’s in the water-alone!
Mmm, It’s cool! Suddenly he gets cramp in his legs and he
can’t swim. He looks at the house and it’s on fire. Sam’s parents
are in there and he must help them. He is desperate.
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