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O sulfito de sódio (Na2SO3 ) é um sal inorgânico muito utilizado como conservante de alimentos e na manufatura de papel. Um dos processos de produção do sulfito de sódio pode ser obtido mediante a seguinte equação na condição de equilíbrio químico.
Na2O(s) + SO2(g) ⇋ Na2SO3(s) ∆H < 0
Considerando que para a reação de produção em um processo industrial é desejável que se produza
mais sulfito de sódio partindo de um sistema em equilíbrio, qual fator é adequado para tal processo?
Em um experimento de química, um estudante colocou em um recipiente 500 mL de uma solução aquosa de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) em uma chapa de aquecimento. O pOH da solução antes do aquecimento era igual a 2. Após um tempo, considerando que se evaporou apenas água, o pOH da solução se reduziu à metade.
Nessas condições, é correto afirmar que o volume, em mililitros, da solução que permaneceu no recipiente ao fim do experimento é igual a
O gás mostarda é uma substância conhecida pela sua aplicabilidade como arma química. Acredita-se que essa substância foi utilizada durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial e que seus efeitos causavam queimaduras com formação de bolhas na pele e nas mucosas do trato respiratório, levando à cegueira e à morte por asfixia. A produção do gás mostarda ocorre mediante a reação química do dicloreto de enxofre (SCl2 ) com o eteno (C2H4 ), conforme a equação química a seguir.
Sobre a equação de produção do gás mostarda, foram feitas a seguintes afirmações:
I. O eteno é um composto isomérico trans.
II. O gás mostarda tem fórmula molecular C4H8SCl2 .
III. A reação orgânica de produção do gás mostarda é de substituição.
São incorretas as afirmações
A tabela periódica é uma das realizações mais notáveis da Química porque ajuda a organizar a extensa quantidade de propriedades dos elementos, que, de outra forma, seria um arranjo confuso. A tabela periódica pode ser usada na previsão de um grande número de propriedades, muitas das quais são cruciais para a compreensão das características químicas e físicas dos compostos.
Sobre as propriedades periódicas dos átomos, pode-se afirmar que
Em 1948, o governo da África do Sul (país mais industrializado do continente africano até aquele momento) instituiu um sistema legal de segregação racial conhecido como Apartheid, que durou até o período de 1989-1992.
O fato que levou ao fim do Apartheid sul-africano foi a(o)
Analise o gráfico a seguir.
Brasil: distribuição atual da População Economicamente
Ativa (PEA), por setores de atividades
A distribuição atual da PEA no Brasil representada no gráfico está
O Corpo de Bombeiros de Minas Gerais recebeu 25 pedidos de avaliação da necessidade de corte de 25 árvores em diferentes bairros da capital. Sabe-se que esses pedidos eram oriundos de 5 regionais distintas, explicitadas na tabela a seguir.
Regional Número de Pedidos
Pampulha 4
Venda Nova 6
Barreiro 8
Centro-Sul 2
Norte 5
Para otimizar o trabalho, os bombeiros envolvidos devem criar uma rota, em que todos os 25 pedidos devem ser atendidos. A rota constituída deve seguir estes critérios:
– os bombeiros só seguiriam para outra regional quando concluíssem o trabalho da regional que estavam atendendo, e assim por diante;
– em uma mesma regional, a ordem entre as árvores avaliadas poderia ser escolhida livremente;
– a ordem entre as regionais poderia ser escolhida livremente, para constituir a rota de atendimento.
Quantas rotas de atendimento diferentes podem ser elaboradas pelos bombeiros envolvidos?
Raquel observa um prédio e deseja medir sua altura. Com ajuda de um astrolábio, ela consegue medir o ângulo entre a linha horizontal de seus olhos e o topo do prédio em questão. Em seguida, ela elaborou o esquema a seguir, para ajudá-la com os cálculos. Os olhos de Raquel estão situados no ponto P da figura, de onde ela avista o topo do prédio. Além disso, seus olhos estão a uma distância de 10 metros desse prédio e 1,6 metro do chão.
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a altura desse prédio, considerando que Raquel e o prédio estão em um mesmo plano.
Dados: sen α =2√2 /3
International Civil Defence Organisation
1. Introduction
Fires are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). […]
2. Preventive and protective measures
Fires can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening services and of their fire-fighting equipment. In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire. Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context. The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of “forest fires”. This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is:
– organising an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
– implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
– planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
– surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
– as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialised aerial machines ready for action;
– preparation and concretisation (organisation) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialised management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
– preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
– planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
[...]
Available at: <http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/man-made-disasters/industrial-accidents/fire>
International Civil Defence Organisation
1. Introduction
Fires are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). […]
2. Preventive and protective measures
Fires can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening services and of their fire-fighting equipment. In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire. Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context. The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of “forest fires”. This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is:
– organising an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
– implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
– planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
– surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
– as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialised aerial machines ready for action;
– preparation and concretisation (organisation) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialised management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
– preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
– planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
[...]
Available at: <http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/man-made-disasters/industrial-accidents/fire>
International Civil Defence Organisation
1. Introduction
Fires are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). […]
2. Preventive and protective measures
Fires can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening services and of their fire-fighting equipment. In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire. Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context. The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of “forest fires”. This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is:
– organising an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
– implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
– planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
– surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
– as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialised aerial machines ready for action;
– preparation and concretisation (organisation) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialised management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
– preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
– planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
[...]
Available at: <http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/man-made-disasters/industrial-accidents/fire>
International Civil Defence Organisation
1. Introduction
Fires are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). […]
2. Preventive and protective measures
Fires can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening services and of their fire-fighting equipment. In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire. Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context. The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of “forest fires”. This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is:
– organising an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
– implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
– planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
– surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
– as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialised aerial machines ready for action;
– preparation and concretisation (organisation) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialised management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
– preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
– planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
[...]
Available at: <http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/man-made-disasters/industrial-accidents/fire>
International Civil Defence Organisation
1. Introduction
Fires are the accidents which occur most frequently, whose causes are the most diverse and which require intervention methods and techniques adapted to the conditions and needs of each incident. Depending on the type of fire (nature of the material ablaze), meteorological conditions (wind) and the effectiveness of the intervention, material damage can be limited (a single car, building or production or storage warehouse installation), or affect wide areas (forest or agricultural fires, hydrocarbons, gas or other highly flammable products, storage or piping installations, harbour installations and rail or marine transport equipment). […]
2. Preventive and protective measures
Fires can spread more or less rapidly depending on their causes, the nature of the material and goods alight, the fire prevention installations (automatic sprinklers), meteorological conditions, the ways the population is informed and the initiative it shows, as well as the speed and efficiency of the intervening services and of their fire-fighting equipment. In the light of experience, prevention is seen to be most important and consists of two distinct components. On the one hand, the primary responsibility falling upon the political authorities empowered to implement the legal prescriptions concerning fire protection, to forecast accidents and to inform the population, as well as to set up measures and means for fighting fires and explosions. On the other hand, the responsible behaviour of each individual based upon an education geared towards caution and the respect of instructions in case of fire. Defining, and controlling the implementation of, the particular rules of protection against fires, specific to each enterprise presenting a potential danger, including the training of security personnel, is also relevant in this context. The many types of fire and the preventive and protective measures which relate to them, make it advisable to limit the present study to the specific measures falling to the political authorities in one area only, namely that of “forest fires”. This type of fire is of particular interest to developing countries and the preventive measures to be applied have a general representative value, that is:
– organising an observation service, prevention and alarm (security) service at local and regional levels;
– implementing legislation regulating the use of fire by all the population present in or at the edge of forests, and more particularly by owners and individuals exercising a professional activity in sensitive areas;
– planning and concrete preparation (periodic maintenance) for fire-fighting through adequate landscaping of the territory and appropriate forest cultivation limiting fire propagation (alternating vegetation, clearance, trimming), creating and maintaining access paths (extinction) and fire-break areas as well as fire-fighting equipment such as water supplies (conduits, cisterns), watch towers and meteorological posts, and the construction of helicopter landing pads;
– surveillance and detection of fires as soon as the danger of fires is forecast by the ad hoc meteorological service (which comprises automatic or mobile statistics posts observing the winds and the vegetation: dryness, force, direction, evolution);
– as soon as the danger of fire increases, activating an alarm plan (basic intervention plan) requiring the engagement of preventive intervention squads (firemen), and their wide positioning as near as possible to the threatened zones, and making available water bombers and specialised aerial machines ready for action;
– preparation and concretisation (organisation) of an intervention mechanism: this requires the setting up of specialised management programmes ensuring the coordination of powerful and efficient equipment and means for fighting forest fires (instruction);
– preparedness management and the coordination of the use of the means of intervention of the authorities and the information and alarm services for the population require a secure transmission network (radio network);
– planning the evacuation of the population possibly under threat in the various sensitive areas, particularly if there are risks of explosion (reservoirs and gas conduits explosives or ammunition dumps, hydrocarbon production, handling or transport installations, other dangerous material, etc.).
[...]
Available at: <http://www.icdo.org/en/disasters/man-made-disasters/industrial-accidents/fire>
O diagrama Volume versus Temperatura, a seguir, representa uma transformação gasosa, I → II → III, sofrida por um mol de gás ideal.
Considerando R = 2,0 cal/mol.K, qual é o trabalho realizado pelo gás nesse processo?
A chave automática é um dispositivo muito útil na prevenção de incêndios elétricos, uma vez que “desarma” (abre o circuito) quando a corrente elétrica que a atravessa é superior a um dado valor nominal.
Considere que, em uma residência, um chuveiro que era ligado à tensão de 110 V será agora ligado em uma tensão de 220 V. A potência desse chuveiro quando ligado em 110 V em uma dada posição de temperatura é de 4,4 kW.
Sendo a resistência constante para qualquer tensão aplicada e a chave automática ligada a esse chuveiro tendo um valor nominal de 50 A, ao ser ligada a essa nova tensão elétrica, a chave automática
Quando ocorrem variações exageradas de temperatura, um fenômeno comum que se pode observar é a dilatação dos corpos. Tal fenômeno é observado, por exemplo, em um local em que ocorre um incêndio.
Analisando a dilatação de dois objetos distintos, essa dilatação dependerá apenas da(o)
Uma antena parabólica desativada de 120 cm de raio de curvatura e sem o receptor de sinal foi coberta com papel alumínio, de modo a se tornar um espelho côncavo. Essa antena foi deixada no quintal de uma casa e, em um dia quente de verão, acabou por incendiar uma pequena caixa de papelão situada a uma certa distância d do centro dessa antena.
Sabendo que os raios do Sol chegam à parte côncava do espelho paralelos ao eixo principal, a distância d ideal para que ocorra o incêndio é de
O corpo de bombeiros é acionado devido a um incêndio no 2º andar de um edifício. Para apagar tal incêndio, uma mangueira é posicionada formando um ângulo θ com a horizontal, a fim de enviar água para a janela do 2º andar, que se situa à altura de 5,0 m.
Dados: velocidade inicial da água de 72 km/h; aceleração da gravidade local de 10 m/s2 ; sen θ = 0,77; cos θ = 0,64 e desconsidere todos os atritos.
Considerando a situação como um lançamento de projéteis, a que distância, aproximada, do prédio a mangueira deve ser posicionada para que o alcance máximo ocorra na altura da janela?
“Assim como os animais, as plantas também tiveram dificuldades para se fixar em terra firme. Os desafios eram muitos e as plantas precisavam enfrentar problemas, tais como: dessecação, trocas gasosas na atmosfera, sustentar-se fora da água e reprodução. Esses problemas foram os mesmos enfrentados pelos animais ao tentarem conquistar esse novo ambiente.”
Disponível em: <http://mundoeducacao.bol.uol.com.br/biologia/plantas-meio-terrestre.htm> . Acesso em: 9 abr. 2018.
São processos que permitiram essa adaptação, exceto:
Observe a figura, a seguir, que evidencia determinadas organelas celulares vegetais.
Disponível em:<https://www.thinglink.com/scene/734036539838824449> . Acesso em: 8 abr. 2018
Conheça nossos planos