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Q956588 Inglês

                  


      America’s deadliest building fire for more than a decade struck Oakland, California, on December 2nd 2016, killing 36 people attending a dance party in a warehouse that had become a cluttered artist collective. The disaster highlights an open secret: many cities lack resources to inspect for fire risk all the structures that they should. Even though the Oakland building had no fire sprinklers and at least ten people lived there illegally, no inspector had visited in about 30 years. How might cities make better use of the inspectors they do have?

      A handful of American cities have begun to seek help from a new type of analytics software. By crunching diverse data collected by government bodies and utilities, the software works out which buildings are most likely to catch fire and should therefore be inspected first. Plenty of factors play a role. Older, wooden buildings, unsurprisingly, pose more risk, as do those close to past fires and leaks of gas or oil. Poverty also pushes up fire risk, especially if lots of children, who may be attracted to mischief, live nearby. More telling are unpaid taxes, foreclosure proceedings and recorded complaints of mould, rats, crumbling plaster, accumulating rubbish, and domestic fights, all of which hint at property neglect. A building’s fire risk also increases the further it is from its owner’s residence.

      Predictive software designed at Harvard that Portland, Oregon, will soon begin using will do that. Perhaps more importantly, the city’s fire chief noticed that buildings marked as being the biggest risks are clustered in areas lacking good schools, public transport, health care and food options. Healthier, happier people start fewer fires, he concluded. He now lobbies officials to reduce Portland’s pockets of deteriorated areas.

(The Economist. www.economist.com/the-economist-explains /2018/08/29/how-cities-can-better-prevent-fires. Adaptado)

De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, algumas cidades estadunidenses
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Q956585 Inglês

                  


      America’s deadliest building fire for more than a decade struck Oakland, California, on December 2nd 2016, killing 36 people attending a dance party in a warehouse that had become a cluttered artist collective. The disaster highlights an open secret: many cities lack resources to inspect for fire risk all the structures that they should. Even though the Oakland building had no fire sprinklers and at least ten people lived there illegally, no inspector had visited in about 30 years. How might cities make better use of the inspectors they do have?

      A handful of American cities have begun to seek help from a new type of analytics software. By crunching diverse data collected by government bodies and utilities, the software works out which buildings are most likely to catch fire and should therefore be inspected first. Plenty of factors play a role. Older, wooden buildings, unsurprisingly, pose more risk, as do those close to past fires and leaks of gas or oil. Poverty also pushes up fire risk, especially if lots of children, who may be attracted to mischief, live nearby. More telling are unpaid taxes, foreclosure proceedings and recorded complaints of mould, rats, crumbling plaster, accumulating rubbish, and domestic fights, all of which hint at property neglect. A building’s fire risk also increases the further it is from its owner’s residence.

      Predictive software designed at Harvard that Portland, Oregon, will soon begin using will do that. Perhaps more importantly, the city’s fire chief noticed that buildings marked as being the biggest risks are clustered in areas lacking good schools, public transport, health care and food options. Healthier, happier people start fewer fires, he concluded. He now lobbies officials to reduce Portland’s pockets of deteriorated areas.

(The Economist. www.economist.com/the-economist-explains /2018/08/29/how-cities-can-better-prevent-fires. Adaptado)

No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “Even though the Oakland building had no fire sprinklers”, a expressão em destaque equivale, em português, a
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Q922532 Inglês

Observe o trecho:


Africa’s vast potential is coupled with immense challenges. Demographic trends, lack of infrastructure, and the legacy of colonialism are major obstacles Africa has to overcome if it is ever to become the agricultural superpower it aims to be. (2º parágrafo).


Considerando o contexto, as palavras destacadas podem ser traduzidas, em português, por

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Q922530 Inglês

Com base no texto 1, analise as afirmativas abaixo:


I. As melhores terras do mundo para as atividades de pecuária e agricultura estão situadas na região central do continente africano, de acordo com pesquisadores.

II. Há muito mais jovens que velhos na pirâmide etária do continente africano, sendo essa a barreira mais difícil de se superar em relação à questão socioeconômica da África.

III. Sessenta por cento da terra arável, não cultivada do mundo, estão na África, de acordo com relatório da McKinsey & Company.

IV. As tendências demográficas, a falta de infraestrutura e o legado do colonialismo estão entre os obstáculos que a África precisa superar para se tornar uma superpotência agrícola.

V. Na África, as pessoas mais jovens estão menos interessadas na agricultura, buscando oportunidades econômicas em outras indústrias mais atraentes.


Estão CORRETAS apenas

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Q922431 Inglês
Does cartoon violence make kids more aggressive?



(1) Lots of parents question the violence in many of today's cartoons and video games, but many of us grew up watching Tom & Jerry, The Road Runner, and other animated favorites where violence was also a key ingredient.
(2) So was humor – and the reassurance that no matter what happened, no one ever got hurt; at least not fatally. Everything always ended well. In fact, you can argue that aggression and hostility has been the linchpin of cartoons and fairytales forever.
(3) What is Sleeping Beauty without the evil threat of the jealous witch, or Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs without a near-fatal dose of poison that confronts children, perhaps for the first time, with the notion of suddenly losing a loved one?
(4) Research and cartoon violence
(5) Professor L Rowell Huesmann, senior research professor at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, in the USA, says there is little difference between the Tom & Jerry era of cartoons and the violence in cartoons now.
(6) "Except more graphic violence produces more desensitization," he says. The author of a number of studies on media violence and aggressive behavior in children, Professor Huesmann says there's evidence that exposure to media violence can lead to aggressive behavior and ideas, provocation and anger in viewers.
(7) Australian parenting expert Michael Grose agrees, but says some children are more predisposed to being affected by media violence than others. "Often it depends on what sort of kids they are. Young people who live at the edges, who don't fit in, the loners who spend excessive amounts of time internalizing certain videos – they are more susceptible," Michael says. He believes cartoons are good for children. "It prepares them. It actually personifies the unknown to them." And it presents conflict, drama and pain in a manner that is indirect and impersonal – it happens to Wile E. Coyote, never to anyone else.
(8) Why today's violence is different
(9) The difference with graphic violent games and cartoons of today, says Michael, is that violence is indiscriminate and often perpetrated by the heroes themselves, for immediate reward. "It brings it out in kids, gives them permission, shows them how to do things. Particularly boys who are more hardwired to do that."
(10) The research community isn't all in agreement, however. Experts such as Professor Jonathan Freedman of the Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Canada, don't believe media violence is necessarily related to aggressive behavior in children.
(11) In published articles, he questions whether watching violence produces violence or desensitizes people to it. He points to Japanese cartoons, traditionally much more violent than American ones, to back his theory. Japanese are in general, a very polite, non-aggressive people, he has reportedly argued. (...)

Disponível em http://www.schoolatoz.nsw.edu.au/technology/using-technology/does-cartoon-violence-make-kids-moreaggressive. Acesso em: 4/07/2018
No 2º parágrafo, a frase ‘Everything always ended well.’ pode ser traduzida, em português, por
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Respostas
11: E
12: A
13: C
14: A
15: D