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"If we lived on a planet where nothing ever changed, there would be little to do. There would be nothing to figure out. There would be no impetus for science. And if we lived in an unpredictable world, where things changed in random or very complex ways, we would not be able to figure things out. ___________________________. If I throw a stick up in the air, it always falls down. If the sun sets in the west, it always rises again the next morning in the east. And so it becomes possible to figure things out. We can do science, and with it we can improve our lives."
Carl Sagan, http://todayinsci.com/S/Sagan_Carl/SaganCarl-Quotations.htm Acessado em 14 de Abril de 2015.
Text 2
MATERIALS OF IMPORTANCE
Carbonated Beverages Containers
One common item that presents some interesting material property requirements is the container for carbonated beverages. The material used for this application must satisfy the following constraints: provide a barrier to the passage of carbon dioxide, which is under pressure in the container; be nontoxic, unreactive with the beverage, and, preferably be recyclable; be relatively strong, and capable of surviving a drop from a height of several feet when containing the beverage; be inexpensive and the cost to fabricate the final shape should be relatively low; if optically transparent, retain its optical clarity; and capable of being produced having different colors and/or able to be adorned with decorative labels. All three of the basic material types—metal (aluminum), ceramic (glass), and polymer (polyester plastic)—are used for carbonated beverage containers.
All of these materials are nontoxic and unreactive with beverages. In addition, each material has its pros and cons. For example, the aluminum alloy is relatively strong (but easily dented), is a very good barrier to the diffusion of carbon dioxide, is easily recycled, beverages are cooled rapidly, and labels may be painted onto its surface. On the other hand, the cans are optically opaque, and relatively expensive to produce. Glass is impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide, is a relatively inexpensive material, may be recycled, but it cracks and fractures easily, and glass bottles are relatively heavy. Whereas the plastic is relatively strong, may be made optically transparent, is inexpensive and lightweight, and is recyclable, it is not as impervious to the passage of carbon dioxide as the aluminum and glass. For example, you may have noticed that beverages in aluminum and glass containers retain their carbonization (i.e., “fizz”) for several years, whereas those in two-liter plastic bottles “go flat” within a few months.
Disponível em
https://onedrive.live.com/view.aspx?resid=FA116F188700E8B6!608&ithint=file%2cpdf&app=WordPdf&authkey=!AcrrQAFlJ83JGjU Acesso em 15 Abr 2015.
Water: Unclogging the finance
How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets and banks still prudent about issuing credit.
There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.
There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple, such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.
Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.
Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government, including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.
Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts. Such major projects tend to be financed major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, opened in March 2015.
But before leaping into major such as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing “value options” approach been used in planning them, they _________ in the first place. ( . . . )
Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/ Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.
PARA A QUESTÃO, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE.
Water: Unclogging the finance
How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets and banks still prudent about issuing credit.
There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.
There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple, such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.
Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.
Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government, including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.
Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts. Such major projects tend to be financed major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, ________ opened in March 2015.
But before leaping into major such as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing “value options” approach been used in planning them, they in the first place. ( . . . )
Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/ Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.
PARA A QUESTÃO, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE.
Water: Unclogging the finance
How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets and banks still prudent about issuing credit.
There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.
There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple, such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.
Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.
Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government , including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.
Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts. Such major projects tend to be financed ________ major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, opened in March 2015.
But before leaping into major such as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing “value options” approach been used in planning them, they in the first place. ( . . . )
Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/ Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.
PARA A QUESTÃO, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE.
Water: Unclogging the finance
How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets and banks still prudent about issuing credit.
There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.
There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple , such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.
Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.
Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government ________, including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.
Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts. Such major projects tend to be financed major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, opened in March 2015.
But before leaping into major such as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing “value options” approach been used in planning them, they in the first place. ( . . . )
Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/ Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.
PARA A QUESTÃO, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE.
Water: Unclogging the finance
How to improve water systems is one challenge; financing them is another. Public authorities in most countries play the main role in implementing and funding water infrastructure, but it is a model that is under increasing pressure, with government budgets and banks still prudent about issuing credit.
There is no generic funding model that can be applied to every need; the sheer diversity of water infrastructures and sources of financing .________ to be identified, scanned and tapped in line with particular investment types and needs.
There may be small-scale projects initiated by local entrepreneurs, or large infrastructures that serve multiple, such as energy and heavy manufacturing. Some investments may involve green ecosystems to supply, store or filter water.
Not only will these infrastructures have different financing needs, but will access funds in different ways, for instance through capital markets, loans, funds, public expenditures, etc.
Take large dams and large reservoirs. These are costly, long-term affairs. The Three Gorges Dam project in China, for instance, could cost over US$22 billion, according to government, including construction, relocation of residents and financing costs.
Moreover, cost recovery is not expected to occur for 10 years after full operation starts. Such major projects tend to be financed major development banks such as the Asian Development Bank and World Bank, and institutional investors such as pension funds. The sources for long-term financing are expanding, with the emergence of sovereign funds and philanthropists, of new groups like the Chinese-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, opened in March 2015.
But before leaping into majorsuch as dams, policymakers must answer several questions. Will the construction lock them in and still be valuable in 25, 50 or 100 years’ time? After all, there are several cases of investments that have fallen into disuse or underuse, such as a desalination in Sydney that was built during a severe but temporary drought, and dams in France’s Loire Valley that are now being decommissioned at some cost. Had a more forwardprobing “value options” approach been used in planning them, theyin the first place. ( . . . )
Disponível em http://www.oecdobserver.org/news/fullstory.php/aid/4825/ Water:_Unclogging_the_finance.html#sthash.kRhyDJ1.dpuf Acesso em 16 Abr 2015.
PARA A QUESTÃO, ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE.
Texto 3
SOLUÇÃO
João Paiva
Eu quero uma solução
homogênea, preparada,
coisa certa, controlada
para ter tudo na mão.
Solução para questão
que não ouso resolver.
Diluída num balão
elixir pra me entreter.
Faço centrifugação
para ter ar uniforme
uso varinha conforme,
seja mágica ou não.
Busco uma solução
tudo lindo, direitinho
eu quero ter tudo certinho
ter o mundo nesta mão.
Procuro mistura,
então aqueço tudo em cadinho.
E vejo não ter solução
mas apenas um caminho...
PAIVA, João. Quase poesia, quase química. Disponível em:<http://www.spq.pt/files/docs/boletim/poesia/quase-poesia-quase-quimica-jpaiva2012.pdf>
Dentre os vocábulos abaixo, assinale aquele cuja regra de acentuação é diversa daquela usada no vocábulo destacado em:
"(...) a verdade é questionável ". (3º parágrafo, texto 2)
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